Carbonated Courage

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/Base64.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides a set of functions to operate with Base64 strings.
 *
 * _Available since v4.5._
 */
library Base64 {
    /**
     * @dev Base64 Encoding/Decoding Table
     */
    string internal constant _TABLE = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `bytes` to its Bytes64 `string` representation.
     */
    function encode(bytes memory data) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        /**
         * Inspired by Brecht Devos (Brechtpd) implementation - MIT licence
         * https://github.com/Brechtpd/base64/blob/e78d9fd951e7b0977ddca77d92dc85183770daf4/base64.sol
         */
        if (data.length == 0) return "";

        // Loads the table into memory
        string memory table = _TABLE;

        // Encoding takes 3 bytes chunks of binary data from `bytes` data parameter
        // and split into 4 numbers of 6 bits.
        // The final Base64 length should be `bytes` data length multiplied by 4/3 rounded up
        // - `data.length + 2`  -> Round up
        // - `/ 3`              -> Number of 3-bytes chunks
        // - `4 *`              -> 4 characters for each chunk
        string memory result = new string(4 * ((data.length + 2) / 3));

        assembly {
            // Prepare the lookup table (skip the first "length" byte)
            let tablePtr := add(table, 1)

            // Prepare result pointer, jump over length
            let resultPtr := add(result, 32)

            // Run over the input, 3 bytes at a time
            for {
                let dataPtr := data
                let endPtr := add(data, mload(data))
            } lt(dataPtr, endPtr) {

            } {
                // Advance 3 bytes
                dataPtr := add(dataPtr, 3)
                let input := mload(dataPtr)

                // To write each character, shift the 3 bytes (18 bits) chunk
                // 4 times in blocks of 6 bits for each character (18, 12, 6, 0)
                // and apply logical AND with 0x3F which is the number of
                // the previous character in the ASCII table prior to the Base64 Table
                // The result is then added to the table to get the character to write,
                // and finally write it in the result pointer but with a left shift
                // of 256 (1 byte) - 8 (1 ASCII char) = 248 bits

                mstore8(resultPtr, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(18, input), 0x3F))))
                resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1) // Advance

                mstore8(resultPtr, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(12, input), 0x3F))))
                resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1) // Advance

                mstore8(resultPtr, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(6, input), 0x3F))))
                resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1) // Advance

                mstore8(resultPtr, mload(add(tablePtr, and(input, 0x3F))))
                resultPtr := add(resultPtr, 1) // Advance
            }

            // When data `bytes` is not exactly 3 bytes long
            // it is padded with `=` characters at the end
            switch mod(mload(data), 3)
            case 1 {
                mstore8(sub(resultPtr, 1), 0x3d)
                mstore8(sub(resultPtr, 2), 0x3d)
            }
            case 2 {
                mstore8(sub(resultPtr, 1), 0x3d)
            }
        }

        return result;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./CourageSvgs.sol";
import "./DataURIs.sol";
import "./ERC721ForAll.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";

contract Courage is ERC721ForAll("Carbonated Courage", "COUR") {
    using Strings for uint256;
    using DataURIs for string;

    // Hand-picked to be a pretty good one.
    uint256 private constant CONTRACT_IMAGE_SEED =
        469379910270314646414328754926797194489967926725;

    function contractURI() public pure returns (string memory) {
        return
            string(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    "{\n"
                    '  "name": "Carbonated Courage",\n'
                    '  "description": "Courage you had it all along, even if you didn\'t know it.",\n',
                    '  "seller_fee_basis_points": 100,\n'
                    '  "fee_recipient": "0xa8Ffa84FE054da6BAb987a8984D4d35f54491A75",\n'
                    '  "image": "',
                    CourageSvgs.generateSvg(CONTRACT_IMAGE_SEED).toSvgURI(),
                    '"\n'
                    "}\n"
                )
            ).toJsonURI();
    }

    function _generateURI(uint256 tokenId)
        internal
        view
        virtual
        override
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return generateJson(tokenId).toJsonURI();
    }

    function generateJson(uint256 tokenId)
        private
        pure
        returns (string memory)
    {
        string memory addr = tokenId.toHexString(20);
        string memory shortAddr = shortenAddress(addr);
        return
            string(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    "{\n"
                    '  "name": "Courage of ',
                    shortAddr,
                    '",\n'
                    '  "description": "Courage that ',
                    shortAddr,
                    " had all along, even if they didn't know it.\",\n"
                    '  "attributes": [\n'
                    "    {\n"
                    '      "trait_type": "Original owner",\n'
                    '      "value": "',
                    addr,
                    '"\n'
                    "    }\n"
                    "  ],\n"
                    '  "image": "',
                    CourageSvgs.generateSvg(tokenId).toSvgURI(),
                    '"\n'
                    "}\n"
                )
            );
    }

    function shortenAddress(string memory addr)
        private
        pure
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return
            string(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    slice(addr, 0, 5),
                    "\u2026",
                    slice(addr, 38, 42)
                )
            );
    }

    function slice(
        string memory s,
        uint256 start,
        uint256 end
    ) private pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory b = new bytes(end - start);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < end - start; i++) {
            b[i] = bytes(s)[start + i];
        }
        return string(b);
    }
}

//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";

library CourageSvgs {
    using Strings for uint8;
    using Strings for uint16;

    struct CircleProps {
        uint16 cx;
        uint16 cy;
        uint8 r;
        string fill;
    }

    function generateSvg(uint256 tokenId)
        internal
        pure
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return
            string(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    '<svg width="350" height="350" viewbox="0 0 350 350" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">\n'
                    '  <filter id="neon">\n'
                    '    <feFlood flood-color="#FFD54F" flood-opacity="0.5" in="SourceGraphic" />\n'
                    '    <feComposite operator="in" in2="SourceGraphic" />\n'
                    '    <feGaussianBlur stdDeviation="5" />\n'
                    '    <feComponentTransfer result="glow1">\n'
                    '      <feFuncA type="linear" slope="4" intercept="0" />\n'
                    "    </feComponentTransfer>\n"
                    "    <feMerge>\n"
                    '      <feMergeNode in="glow1" />\n'
                    '      <feMergeNode in="SourceGraphic" />\n'
                    "    </feMerge>\n"
                    "  </filter>\n"
                    '  <rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="#182026" />\n',
                    generateCircles(tokenId),
                    "</svg>\n"
                )
            );
    }

    function generateCircles(uint256 tokenId)
        private
        pure
        returns (string memory)
    {
        CircleProps[8] memory circles;
        for (uint8 i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
            circles[i] = readCircleProps(tokenId, i);
        }
        // Use separate functions for under- and overlay to dodge "stack too
        // deep" error.
        return
            string(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    generateUnderlayCircles(circles),
                    generateOverlayCircles(circles)
                )
            );
    }

    function generateUnderlayCircles(CircleProps[8] memory circles)
        private
        pure
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return
            string(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    generateCircle(circles[0], false),
                    generateCircle(circles[1], false),
                    generateCircle(circles[2], false),
                    generateCircle(circles[3], false),
                    generateCircle(circles[4], false),
                    generateCircle(circles[5], false),
                    generateCircle(circles[6], false),
                    generateCircle(circles[7], false)
                )
            );
    }

    function generateOverlayCircles(CircleProps[8] memory circles)
        private
        pure
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return
            string(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    generateCircle(circles[7], true),
                    generateCircle(circles[6], true),
                    generateCircle(circles[5], true),
                    generateCircle(circles[4], true),
                    generateCircle(circles[3], true),
                    generateCircle(circles[2], true),
                    generateCircle(circles[1], true),
                    generateCircle(circles[0], true)
                )
            );
    }

    function generateCircle(CircleProps memory circle, bool isOverlay)
        private
        pure
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return
            string(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    '  <circle cx="',
                    circle.cx.toString(),
                    '" cy="',
                    circle.cy.toString(),
                    '" r="',
                    circle.r.toString(),
                    '" fill="',
                    circle.fill,
                    '" ',
                    isOverlay ? 'filter="url(#neon)" opacity="0.5" ' : "",
                    "/>\n"
                )
            );
    }

    function readCircleProps(uint256 tokenId, uint8 circleIndex)
        private
        pure
        returns (CircleProps memory)
    {
        uint8 start = 20 * circleIndex;
        // Nudges based on circleIndex ensure all images are distinct: we won't
        // get duplicates by reordering circles.
        uint8 cxNudge = circleIndex & 3;
        uint8 cyNudge = circleIndex >> 1;
        return
            CircleProps({
                cx: readPosition(tokenId, start) + cxNudge,
                cy: readPosition(tokenId, start + 6) + cyNudge,
                r: readRadius(tokenId, start),
                fill: readFill(tokenId, start)
            });
    }

    function readPosition(uint256 tokenId, uint8 start)
        private
        pure
        returns (uint16)
    {
        return 15 + 5 * uint16(readBits(tokenId, start, 6));
    }

    function readRadius(uint256 tokenId, uint8 circleStart)
        private
        pure
        returns (uint8)
    {
        uint8 index = uint8(readBits(tokenId, circleStart + 12, 4));
        if (index < 8) {
            // 30,31,...,37
            return 30 + index;
        } else if (index < 14) {
            // 60,63,...,75
            return 36 + 3 * index;
        } else if (index == 14) {
            return 120;
        } else {
            return 150;
        }
    }

    function readFill(uint256 tokenId, uint8 circleStart)
        private
        pure
        returns (string memory)
    {
        uint256 index = readBits(tokenId, circleStart + 16, 4);
        if (index == 0) {
            return "#D32F2F";
        } else if (index == 1) {
            return "#D81B60";
        } else if (index == 2) {
            return "#AB47BC";
        } else if (index == 3) {
            return "#7B1FA2";
        } else if (index == 4) {
            return "#7E57C2";
        } else if (index == 5) {
            return "#512DA8";
        } else if (index == 6) {
            return "#5C6BC0";
        } else if (index == 7) {
            return "#303F9F";
        } else if (index == 8) {
            return "#1976D2";
        } else if (index == 9) {
            return "#0277BD";
        } else if (index == 10) {
            return "#006064";
        } else if (index == 11) {
            return "#00796B";
        } else if (index == 12) {
            return "#2E7D32";
        } else if (index == 13) {
            return "#33691E";
        } else if (index == 14) {
            return "#BF360C";
        } else {
            return "#8D6E63";
        }
    }

    function readBits(
        uint256 tokenId,
        uint8 offset,
        uint8 length
    ) private pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 shift = 160 - offset - length;
        uint256 mask = ((1 << length) - 1) << shift;
        return (tokenId & mask) >> shift;
    }
}

//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Base64.sol";

library DataURIs {
    string private constant JSON_PREFIX = "data:application/json;base64,";
    string private constant SVG_PREFIX = "data:image/svg+xml;base64,";

    function toJsonURI(string memory json)
        internal
        pure
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return toURI(JSON_PREFIX, json);
    }

    function toSvgURI(string memory svg) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toURI(SVG_PREFIX, svg);
    }

    function toURI(string memory prefix, string memory data)
        private
        pure
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return string(abi.encodePacked(prefix, Base64.encode(bytes(data))));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";

contract ERC721ForAll is
    Context,
    ERC165,
    IERC721,
    IERC721Metadata,
    IERC721Enumerable
{
    using Address for address;
    using Strings for uint256;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // We can't indicate burned tokens as those owned by 0, since tokens with
    // owner 0 are those held by their original owners. Instead, use 1 as the
    // owner for burned tokens.
    //
    // We could have stored the burned tokens in a separate mapping instead,
    // but that would force a bunch of extra storage reads everywhere which
    // would raise gas costs.
    address private constant BURN_ADDRESS = address(1);

    // The largest possible token ID is the largest possible address.
    uint256 private constant MAX_TOKEN_ID = (1 << 160) - 1;

    // Mapping from token ID to owner address, if not their original owner.
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _owners;

    // Mapping owner address to number of tokens they own other than their
    // initial token.
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to list of owned token IDs, not including their
    // original token.
    mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) private _ownedTokens;

    // Mapping from token ID to index of the owner tokens list
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _ownedTokensIndex;

    // Total number of tokens. Begins at 2^160 - 2, counting all addresses other
    // than 0 and 1.
    uint256 _totalSupply = (1 << 160) - 2;

    // Mapping of tokens by their index in the enumeration, if different from
    // their initial index.
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _displacedTokensByIndex;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * Emits transfers events for the specified tokens from their owners to
     * themselves. This can make tokens visible to services like OpenSea that
     * only recognize a token once it has appeared in a Transfer event.
     */
    function announceTokens(uint256[] calldata tokenIds) public {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < tokenIds.length; i++) {
            uint256 tokenId = tokenIds[i];
            address owner = ownerOf(tokenId);
            emit Transfer(owner, owner, tokenId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
        public
        view
        override(ERC165, IERC165)
        returns (bool)
    {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Enumerable).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view override returns (uint256) {
        require(
            owner != address(0),
            "ERC721: balance query for the zero address"
        );
        if (owner == BURN_ADDRESS) {
            return 0;
        }
        return _balances[owner] + (_ownsOriginalToken(owner) ? 1 : 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view override returns (address) {
        address originalOwner = _toValidatedAddress(tokenId);
        address owner = _owners[tokenId];
        require(
            owner != BURN_ADDRESS,
            "ERC721: owner query for nonexistent token"
        );
        return owner != address(0) ? owner : originalOwner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId)
        public
        view
        override
        returns (string memory)
    {
        require(
            _exists(tokenId),
            "ERC721Metadata: URI query for nonexistent token"
        );

        return _generateURI(tokenId);
    }

    function _generateURI(uint256)
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public override {
        address owner = ERC721ForAll.ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            "ERC721: approve caller is not owner nor approved for all"
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId)
        public
        view
        override
        returns (address)
    {
        require(
            _exists(tokenId),
            "ERC721: approved query for nonexistent token"
        );

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved)
        public
        override
    {
        _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator)
        public
        view
        override
        returns (bool)
    {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public override {
        require(
            _isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId),
            "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved"
        );

        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public override {
        require(
            _isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId),
            "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved"
        );
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, _data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * `_data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
     * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data),
            "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
     * and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (bool) {
        return
            tokenId != 0 &&
            tokenId <= MAX_TOKEN_ID &&
            _owners[tokenId] != BURN_ADDRESS;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId)
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        require(
            _exists(tokenId),
            "ERC721: operator query for nonexistent token"
        );
        address owner = ERC721ForAll.ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner ||
            getApproved(tokenId) == spender ||
            isApprovedForAll(owner, spender));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal {
        address originalOwner = _toValidatedAddress(tokenId);
        address owner = ERC721ForAll.ownerOf(tokenId);

        _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        // Clear approvals
        _approve(address(0), tokenId);

        if (owner != originalOwner) {
            _balances[owner] -= 1;
        }

        _owners[tokenId] = BURN_ADDRESS;

        _totalSupply -= 1;

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal {
        require(
            ERC721ForAll.ownerOf(tokenId) == from,
            "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner"
        );
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");
        require(to != BURN_ADDRESS, "Invalid recipient address.");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        _approve(address(0), tokenId);

        address originalOwner = _toValidatedAddress(tokenId);
        if (from != originalOwner) {
            _balances[from] -= 1;
        }
        if (to != originalOwner) {
            _balances[to] += 1;
        }
        _owners[tokenId] = to != originalOwner ? to : address(0);

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits a {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(ERC721ForAll.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
     *
     * Emits a {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function _setApprovalForAll(
        address owner,
        address operator,
        bool approved
    ) internal {
        require(owner != operator, "ERC721: approve to caller");
        _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
     * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param _data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try
                IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(
                    _msgSender(),
                    from,
                    tokenId,
                    _data
                )
            returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert(
                        "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
                    );
                } else {
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting
     * and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`. This will never
     *   happen in this contract.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal {
        if (from != to) {
            _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(from, tokenId);
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (to != from) {
            _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(to, tokenId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Burns `tokenId`. See {ERC721-_burn}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own `tokenId` or be an approved operator.
     */
    function burn(uint256 tokenId) public {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(
            _isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId),
            "ERC721Burnable: caller is not owner nor approved"
        );
        _burn(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenOfOwnerByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index)
        public
        view
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        require(
            index < ERC721ForAll.balanceOf(owner),
            "ERC721Enumerable: owner index out of bounds"
        );
        if (!_ownsOriginalToken(owner)) {
            return _ownedTokens[owner][index];
        }
        // If the address owns its original token, treat it as index 0.
        if (index == 0) {
            return _toId(owner);
        } else {
            return _ownedTokens[owner][index - 1];
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index)
        public
        view
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        require(
            index < _totalSupply,
            "ERC721Enumerable: global index out of bounds"
        );
        uint256 displacedId = _displacedTokensByIndex[index];
        return displacedId != 0 ? displacedId : index + 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's ownership-tracking data structures.
     * @param to address representing the new owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(address to, uint256 tokenId) private {
        if (_toId(to) == tokenId) {
            // Token is returning to its original owner.
            return;
        }
        uint256 length = _balances[to];
        _ownedTokens[to][length] = tokenId;
        _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId] = length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's ownership-tracking data structures. Note that
     * while the token is not assigned a new owner, the `_ownedTokensIndex` mapping is _not_ updated: this allows for
     * gas optimizations e.g. when performing a transfer operation (avoiding double writes).
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _ownedTokens array.
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(address from, uint256 tokenId)
        private
    {
        if (_toId(from) == tokenId) {
            // The original owner is losing their token.
            return;
        }
        // To prevent a gap in from's tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = _balances[from];
        uint256 tokenIndex = _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary
        if (tokenIndex != lastTokenIndex) {
            uint256 lastTokenId = _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];

            _ownedTokens[from][tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
            _ownedTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index
        }

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];
        delete _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the enumeration.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list
     */
    function _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        // This assumes that the last token will never be burned nor any token
        // that has been displaced. This is quite a safe assumption, as it is
        // equivalent to assuming that none of the N highest addresses will act,
        // where N is the total number of tokens burned so far. Since we can
        // expect N will be **much** smaller than the number of addresses 2^160,
        // this should be alright.
        //
        // We subtract 2 from a token ID to get its index, and add 2 to an index
        // to get a token ID. This is because there are no tokens 0 and 1.
        _displacedTokensByIndex[tokenId - 2] = _totalSupply + 1;
    }

    function _ownsOriginalToken(address owner) private view returns (bool) {
        return _owners[_toId(owner)] == address(0);
    }

    function _toId(address addr) private pure returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(uint160(addr));
    }

    function _toValidatedAddress(uint256 tokenId)
        private
        pure
        returns (address)
    {
        require(tokenId != 0, "ERC721: nonexistent token");
        require(tokenId <= MAX_TOKEN_ID, "ERC721: nonexistent token");
        address addr = address(uint160(tokenId));
        require(addr != BURN_ADDRESS, "ERC721: nonexistent token");
        return addr;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Enumerable is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
     * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
     * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
        // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol

        if (value == 0) {
            return "0";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 digits;
        while (temp != 0) {
            digits++;
            temp /= 10;
        }
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
        while (value != 0) {
            digits -= 1;
            buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
            value /= 10;
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        if (value == 0) {
            return "0x00";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 length = 0;
        while (temp != 0) {
            length++;
            temp >>= 8;
        }
        return toHexString(value, length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }
}

{
  "compilationTarget": {
    "contracts/Courage.sol": "Courage"
  },
  "evmVersion": "istanbul",
  "libraries": {},
  "metadata": {
    "bytecodeHash": "ipfs"
  },
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": false,
    "runs": 200
  },
  "remappings": []
}