描述
incongressjuly41776theunanimousdeclarationofthethirteenunitedstatesofamericawheninthecourseofhumaneventsitbecomesnecessaryforonepeopletodissolvethepoliticalbandswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanotherandtoassumeamongthepowersoftheearththeseparateandequalstationtowhichthelawsofnatureandofnaturesgodentitlethemadecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheseparationweholdthesetruthstobeselfevidentthatallmenarecreatedequalthattheyareendowedbytheircreatorwithcertainunalienablerightsthatamongthesearelifelibertyandthepursuitofhappinessthattosecuretheserightsgovernmentsareinstitutedamongmenderivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegovernedthatwheneveranyformofgovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseendsitistherightofthepeopletoalterortoabolishitandtoinstitutenewgovernmentlayingitsfoundationonsuchprinciplesandorganizingitspowersinsuchformastothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirsafetyandhappinessprudenceindeedwilldictatethatgovernmentslongestablishedshouldnotbechangedforlightandtransientcausesandaccordinglyallexperiencehathshewnthatmankindaremoredisposedtosufferwhileevilsaresufferablethantorightthemselvesbyabolishingtheformstowhichtheyareaccustomedbutwhenalongtrainofabusesandusurpationspursuinginvariablythesameobjectevincesadesigntoreducethemunderabsolutedespotismitistheirrightitistheirdutytothrowoffsuchgovernmentandtoprovidenewguardsfortheirfuturesecuritysuchhasbeenthepatientsufferanceofthesecoloniesandsuchisnowthenecessitywhichconstrainsthemtoaltertheirformersystemsofgovernmentthehistoryofthepresentkingofgreatbritainisahistoryofrepeatedinjuriesandusurpationsallhavingindirectobjecttheestablishmentofanabsolutetyrannyoverthesestatestoprovethisletfactsbesubmittedtoacandidworldhehasrefusedhisassenttolawsthemostwholesomeandnecessaryforthepublicgoodhehasforbiddenhisgovernorstopasslawsofimmediateandpressingimportanceunlesssuspendedintheiroperationtillhisassentshouldbeobtainedandwhensosuspendedhehasutterlyneglectedtoattendtothemhehasrefusedtopassotherlawsfortheaccommodationoflargedistrictsofpeopleunlessthosepeoplewouldrelinquishtherightofrepresentationinthelegislaturearightinestimabletothemandformidabletotyrantsonlyhehascalledtogetherlegislativebodiesatplacesunusualuncomfortableanddistantfromthedepositoryoftheirpublicrecordsforthesolepurposeoffatiguingthemintocompliancewithhismeasureshehasdissolvedrepresentativehousesrepeatedlyforopposingwithmanlyfirmnesshisinvasionsontherightsofthepeoplehehasrefusedforalongtimeaftersuchdissolutionstocauseotherstobeelectedwherebythelegislativepowersincapableofannihilationhavereturnedtothepeopleatlargefortheirexercisethestateremaininginthemeantimeexposedtoallthedangersofinvasionfromwithoutandconvulsionswithinhehasendeavouredtopreventthepopulationofthesestatesforthatpurposeobstructingthelawsfornaturalizationofforeignersrefusingtopassotherstoencouragetheirmigrationshitherandraisingtheconditionsofnewappropriationsoflandshehasobstructedtheadministrationofjusticebyrefusinghisassenttolawsforestablishingjudiciarypowershehasmadejudgesdependentonhiswillaloneforthetenureoftheirofficesandtheamountandpaymentoftheirsalarieshehaserectedamultitudeofnewofficesandsenthitherswarmsofofficerstoharrassourpeopleandeatouttheirsubstancehehaskeptamongusintimesofpeacestandingarmieswithouttheconsentofourlegislatureshehasaffectedtorenderthemilitaryindependentofandsuperiortothecivilpowerhehascombinedwithotherstosubjectustoajurisdictionforeigntoourconstitutionandunacknowledgedbyourlawsgivinghisassenttotheiractsofpretendedlegislationforquarteringlargebodiesofarmedtroopsamongusforprotectingthembyamocktrialfrompunishmentforanymurderswhichtheyshouldcommitontheinhabitantsofthesestatesforcuttingoffourtradewithallpartsoftheworldforimposingtaxesonuswithoutourconsentfordeprivingusinmanycasesofthebenefitsoftrialbyjuryfortransportingusbeyondseastobetriedforpretendedoffencesforabolishingthefreesystemofenglishlawsinaneighbouringprovinceestablishingthereinanarbitrarygovernmentandenlargingitsboundariessoastorenderitatonceanexampleandfitinstrumentforintroducingthesameabsoluteruleintothesecoloniesfortakingawayourchartersabolishingourmostvaluablelawsandalteringfundamentallytheformsofourgovernmentsforsuspendingourownlegislaturesanddeclaringthemselvesinvestedwithpowertolegislateforusinallcaseswhatsoeverhehasabdicatedgovernmentherebydeclaringusoutofhisprotectionandwagingwaragainstushehasplunderedourseasravagedourcoastsburntourtownsanddestroyedthelivesofourpeopleheisatthistimetransportinglargearmiesofforeignmercenariestocompleattheworksofdeathdesolationandtyrannyalreadybegunwithcircumstancesofcrueltyperfidyscarcelyparalleledinthemostbarbarousagesandtotallyunworthytheheadofacivilizednationhehasconstrainedourfellowcitizenstakencaptiveonthehighseastobeararmsagainsttheircountrytobecometheexecutionersoftheirfriendsandbrethrenortofallthemselvesbytheirhandshehasexciteddomesticinsurrectionsamongstusandhasendeavouredtobringontheinhabitantsofourfrontiersthemercilessindiansavageswhoseknownruleofwarfareisanundistinguisheddestructionofallagessexesandconditionsineverystageoftheseoppressionswehavepetitionedforredressinthemosthumbletermsourrepeatedpetitionshavebeenansweredonlybyrepeatedinjuryaprincewhosecharacteristhusmarkedbyeveryactwhichmaydefineatyrantisunfittobetherulerofafreepeoplenorhavewebeenwantinginattentionstoourbrittishbrethrenwehavewarnedthemfromtimetotimeofattemptsbytheirlegislaturetoextendanunwarrantablejurisdictionoveruswehaveremindedthemofthecircumstancesofouremigrationandsettlementherewehaveappealedtotheirnativejusticeandmagnanimityandwehaveconjuredthembythetiesofourcommonkindredtodisavowtheseusurpationswhichwouldinevitablyinterruptourconnectionsandcorrespondencetheytoohavebeendeaftothevoiceofjusticeandofconsanguinitywemustthereforeacquiesceinthenecessitywhichdenouncesourseparationandholdthemasweholdtherestofmankindenemiesinwarinpeacefriendswethereforetherepresentativesoftheunitedstatesofamericaingeneralcongressassembledappealingtothesupremejudgeoftheworldfortherectitudeofourintentionsdointhenameandbyauthorityofthegoodpeopleofthesecoloniessolemnlypublishanddeclarethattheseunitedcoloniesareandofrightoughttobefreeandindependentstatesthattheyareabsolvedfromallallegiancetothebritishcrownandthatallpoliticalconnectionbetweenthemandthestateofgreatbritainisandoughttobetotallydissolvedandthatasfreeandindependentstatestheyhavefullpowertolevywarconcludepeacecontractalliancesestablishcommerceandtodoallotheractsandthingswhichindependentstatesmayofrightdoandforthesupportofthisdeclarationwithafirmrelianceontheprotectionofdivineprovidencewemutuallypledgetoeachotherourlivesourfortunesandoursacredhonor.eth, an ENS name.