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0.8.19+commit.7dd6d404
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Solidity
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
/// @notice Library to encode strings in Base64.
/// @author Solady (https://github.com/vectorized/solady/blob/main/src/utils/Base64.sol)
/// @author Modified from Solmate (https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/main/src/utils/Base64.sol)
/// @author Modified from (https://github.com/Brechtpd/base64/blob/main/base64.sol) by Brecht Devos - <brecht@loopring.org>.
library Base64 {
/// @dev Encodes `data` using the base64 encoding described in RFC 4648.
/// See: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4648
/// @param fileSafe Whether to replace '+' with '-' and '/' with '_'.
/// @param noPadding Whether to strip away the padding.
function encode(bytes memory data, bool fileSafe, bool noPadding)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let dataLength := mload(data)
if dataLength {
// Multiply by 4/3 rounded up.
// The `shl(2, ...)` is equivalent to multiplying by 4.
let encodedLength := shl(2, div(add(dataLength, 2), 3))
// Set `result` to point to the start of the free memory.
result := mload(0x40)
// Store the table into the scratch space.
// Offsetted by -1 byte so that the `mload` will load the character.
// We will rewrite the free memory pointer at `0x40` later with
// the allocated size.
// The magic constant 0x0670 will turn "-_" into "+/".
mstore(0x1f, "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdef")
mstore(0x3f, xor("ghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_", mul(iszero(fileSafe), 0x0670)))
// Skip the first slot, which stores the length.
let ptr := add(result, 0x20)
let end := add(ptr, encodedLength)
let dataEnd := add(add(0x20, data), dataLength)
let dataEndValue := mload(dataEnd) // Cache the value at the `dataEnd` slot.
mstore(dataEnd, 0x00) // Zeroize the `dataEnd` slot to clear dirty bits.
// Run over the input, 3 bytes at a time.
for {} 1 {} {
data := add(data, 3) // Advance 3 bytes.
let input := mload(data)
// Write 4 bytes. Optimized for fewer stack operations.
mstore8(0, mload(and(shr(18, input), 0x3F)))
mstore8(1, mload(and(shr(12, input), 0x3F)))
mstore8(2, mload(and(shr(6, input), 0x3F)))
mstore8(3, mload(and(input, 0x3F)))
mstore(ptr, mload(0x00))
ptr := add(ptr, 4) // Advance 4 bytes.
if iszero(lt(ptr, end)) { break }
}
mstore(dataEnd, dataEndValue) // Restore the cached value at `dataEnd`.
mstore(0x40, add(end, 0x20)) // Allocate the memory.
// Equivalent to `o = [0, 2, 1][dataLength % 3]`.
let o := div(2, mod(dataLength, 3))
// Offset `ptr` and pad with '='. We can simply write over the end.
mstore(sub(ptr, o), shl(240, 0x3d3d))
// Set `o` to zero if there is padding.
o := mul(iszero(iszero(noPadding)), o)
mstore(sub(ptr, o), 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(result, sub(encodedLength, o)) // Store the length.
}
}
}
/// @dev Encodes `data` using the base64 encoding described in RFC 4648.
/// Equivalent to `encode(data, false, false)`.
function encode(bytes memory data) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
result = encode(data, false, false);
}
/// @dev Encodes `data` using the base64 encoding described in RFC 4648.
/// Equivalent to `encode(data, fileSafe, false)`.
function encode(bytes memory data, bool fileSafe)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
result = encode(data, fileSafe, false);
}
/// @dev Decodes base64 encoded `data`.
///
/// Supports:
/// - RFC 4648 (both standard and file-safe mode).
/// - RFC 3501 (63: ',').
///
/// Does not support:
/// - Line breaks.
///
/// Note: For performance reasons,
/// this function will NOT revert on invalid `data` inputs.
/// Outputs for invalid inputs will simply be undefined behaviour.
/// It is the user's responsibility to ensure that the `data`
/// is a valid base64 encoded string.
function decode(string memory data) internal pure returns (bytes memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let dataLength := mload(data)
if dataLength {
let decodedLength := mul(shr(2, dataLength), 3)
for {} 1 {} {
// If padded.
if iszero(and(dataLength, 3)) {
let t := xor(mload(add(data, dataLength)), 0x3d3d)
// forgefmt: disable-next-item
decodedLength := sub(
decodedLength,
add(iszero(byte(30, t)), iszero(byte(31, t)))
)
break
}
// If non-padded.
decodedLength := add(decodedLength, sub(and(dataLength, 3), 1))
break
}
result := mload(0x40)
// Write the length of the bytes.
mstore(result, decodedLength)
// Skip the first slot, which stores the length.
let ptr := add(result, 0x20)
let end := add(ptr, decodedLength)
// Load the table into the scratch space.
// Constants are optimized for smaller bytecode with zero gas overhead.
// `m` also doubles as the mask of the upper 6 bits.
let m := 0xfc000000fc00686c7074787c8084888c9094989ca0a4a8acb0b4b8bcc0c4c8cc
mstore(0x5b, m)
mstore(0x3b, 0x04080c1014181c2024282c3034383c4044484c5054585c6064)
mstore(0x1a, 0xf8fcf800fcd0d4d8dce0e4e8ecf0f4)
for {} 1 {} {
// Read 4 bytes.
data := add(data, 4)
let input := mload(data)
// Write 3 bytes.
// forgefmt: disable-next-item
mstore(ptr, or(
and(m, mload(byte(28, input))),
shr(6, or(
and(m, mload(byte(29, input))),
shr(6, or(
and(m, mload(byte(30, input))),
shr(6, mload(byte(31, input)))
))
))
))
ptr := add(ptr, 3)
if iszero(lt(ptr, end)) { break }
}
mstore(0x40, add(end, 0x20)) // Allocate the memory.
mstore(end, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the bytes.
mstore(0x60, 0) // Restore the zero slot.
}
}
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
library Bytecode {
error InvalidCodeAtRange(uint256 _size, uint256 _start, uint256 _end);
/**
@notice Generate a creation code that results on a contract with `_code` as bytecode
@param _code The returning value of the resulting `creationCode`
@return creationCode (constructor) for new contract
*/
function creationCodeFor(bytes memory _code) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
/*
0x00 0x63 0x63XXXXXX PUSH4 _code.length size
0x01 0x80 0x80 DUP1 size size
0x02 0x60 0x600e PUSH1 14 14 size size
0x03 0x60 0x6000 PUSH1 00 0 14 size size
0x04 0x39 0x39 CODECOPY size
0x05 0x60 0x6000 PUSH1 00 0 size
0x06 0xf3 0xf3 RETURN
<CODE>
*/
return abi.encodePacked(
hex"63",
uint32(_code.length),
hex"80_60_0E_60_00_39_60_00_F3",
_code
);
}
/**
@notice Returns the size of the code on a given address
@param _addr Address that may or may not contain code
@return size of the code on the given `_addr`
*/
function codeSize(address _addr) internal view returns (uint256 size) {
assembly { size := extcodesize(_addr) }
}
/**
@notice Returns the code of a given address
@dev It will fail if `_end < _start`
@param _addr Address that may or may not contain code
@param _start number of bytes of code to skip on read
@param _end index before which to end extraction
@return oCode read from `_addr` deployed bytecode
Forked from: https://gist.github.com/KardanovIR/fe98661df9338c842b4a30306d507fbd
*/
function codeAt(address _addr, uint256 _start, uint256 _end) internal view returns (bytes memory oCode) {
uint256 csize = codeSize(_addr);
if (csize == 0) return bytes("");
if (_start > csize) return bytes("");
if (_end < _start) revert InvalidCodeAtRange(csize, _start, _end);
unchecked {
uint256 reqSize = _end - _start;
uint256 maxSize = csize - _start;
uint256 size = maxSize < reqSize ? maxSize : reqSize;
assembly {
// allocate output byte array - this could also be done without assembly
// by using o_code = new bytes(size)
oCode := mload(0x40)
// new "memory end" including padding
mstore(0x40, add(oCode, and(add(add(size, 0x20), 0x1f), not(0x1f))))
// store length in memory
mstore(oCode, size)
// actually retrieve the code, this needs assembly
extcodecopy(_addr, add(oCode, 0x20), _start, size)
}
}
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
* @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
* sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
* via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
* manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
* paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
* is concerned).
*
* This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
*/
abstract contract Context {
function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
return msg.sender;
}
function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
return msg.data;
}
function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
return 0;
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v4.3.0
// Creator: Chiru Labs
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
import './IERC721A.sol';
/**
* @dev Interface of ERC721 token receiver.
*/
interface ERC721A__IERC721Receiver {
function onERC721Received(
address operator,
address from,
uint256 tokenId,
bytes calldata data
) external returns (bytes4);
}
/**
* @title ERC721A
*
* @dev Implementation of the [ERC721](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721)
* Non-Fungible Token Standard, including the Metadata extension.
* Optimized for lower gas during batch mints.
*
* Token IDs are minted in sequential order (e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3, ...)
* starting from `_startTokenId()`.
*
* The `_sequentialUpTo()` function can be overriden to enable spot mints
* (i.e. non-consecutive mints) for `tokenId`s greater than `_sequentialUpTo()`.
*
* Assumptions:
*
* - An owner cannot have more than 2**64 - 1 (max value of uint64) of supply.
* - The maximum token ID cannot exceed 2**256 - 1 (max value of uint256).
*/
contract ERC721A is IERC721A {
// Bypass for a `--via-ir` bug (https://github.com/chiru-labs/ERC721A/pull/364).
struct TokenApprovalRef {
address value;
}
// =============================================================
// CONSTANTS
// =============================================================
// Mask of an entry in packed address data.
uint256 private constant _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY = (1 << 64) - 1;
// The bit position of `numberMinted` in packed address data.
uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED = 64;
// The bit position of `numberBurned` in packed address data.
uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED = 128;
// The bit position of `aux` in packed address data.
uint256 private constant _BITPOS_AUX = 192;
// Mask of all 256 bits in packed address data except the 64 bits for `aux`.
uint256 private constant _BITMASK_AUX_COMPLEMENT = (1 << 192) - 1;
// The bit position of `startTimestamp` in packed ownership.
uint256 private constant _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP = 160;
// The bit mask of the `burned` bit in packed ownership.
uint256 private constant _BITMASK_BURNED = 1 << 224;
// The bit position of the `nextInitialized` bit in packed ownership.
uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED = 225;
// The bit mask of the `nextInitialized` bit in packed ownership.
uint256 private constant _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED = 1 << 225;
// The bit position of `extraData` in packed ownership.
uint256 private constant _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA = 232;
// Mask of all 256 bits in a packed ownership except the 24 bits for `extraData`.
uint256 private constant _BITMASK_EXTRA_DATA_COMPLEMENT = (1 << 232) - 1;
// The mask of the lower 160 bits for addresses.
uint256 private constant _BITMASK_ADDRESS = (1 << 160) - 1;
// The maximum `quantity` that can be minted with {_mintERC2309}.
// This limit is to prevent overflows on the address data entries.
// For a limit of 5000, a total of 3.689e15 calls to {_mintERC2309}
// is required to cause an overflow, which is unrealistic.
uint256 private constant _MAX_MINT_ERC2309_QUANTITY_LIMIT = 5000;
// The `Transfer` event signature is given by:
// `keccak256(bytes("Transfer(address,address,uint256)"))`.
bytes32 private constant _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE =
0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef;
// =============================================================
// STORAGE
// =============================================================
// The next token ID to be minted.
uint256 private _currentIndex;
// The number of tokens burned.
uint256 private _burnCounter;
// Token name
string private _name;
// Token symbol
string private _symbol;
// Mapping from token ID to ownership details
// An empty struct value does not necessarily mean the token is unowned.
// See {_packedOwnershipOf} implementation for details.
//
// Bits Layout:
// - [0..159] `addr`
// - [160..223] `startTimestamp`
// - [224] `burned`
// - [225] `nextInitialized`
// - [232..255] `extraData`
mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _packedOwnerships;
// Mapping owner address to address data.
//
// Bits Layout:
// - [0..63] `balance`
// - [64..127] `numberMinted`
// - [128..191] `numberBurned`
// - [192..255] `aux`
mapping(address => uint256) private _packedAddressData;
// Mapping from token ID to approved address.
mapping(uint256 => TokenApprovalRef) private _tokenApprovals;
// Mapping from owner to operator approvals
mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;
// The amount of tokens minted above `_sequentialUpTo()`.
// We call these spot mints (i.e. non-sequential mints).
uint256 private _spotMinted;
// =============================================================
// CONSTRUCTOR
// =============================================================
constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
_name = name_;
_symbol = symbol_;
_currentIndex = _startTokenId();
if (_sequentialUpTo() < _startTokenId()) _revert(SequentialUpToTooSmall.selector);
}
// =============================================================
// TOKEN COUNTING OPERATIONS
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Returns the starting token ID for sequential mints.
*
* Override this function to change the starting token ID for sequential mints.
*
* Note: The value returned must never change after any tokens have been minted.
*/
function _startTokenId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
return 0;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the maximum token ID (inclusive) for sequential mints.
*
* Override this function to return a value less than 2**256 - 1,
* but greater than `_startTokenId()`, to enable spot (non-sequential) mints.
*
* Note: The value returned must never change after any tokens have been minted.
*/
function _sequentialUpTo() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
return type(uint256).max;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the next token ID to be minted.
*/
function _nextTokenId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
return _currentIndex;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the total number of tokens in existence.
* Burned tokens will reduce the count.
* To get the total number of tokens minted, please see {_totalMinted}.
*/
function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256 result) {
// Counter underflow is impossible as `_burnCounter` cannot be incremented
// more than `_currentIndex + _spotMinted - _startTokenId()` times.
unchecked {
// With spot minting, the intermediate `result` can be temporarily negative,
// and the computation must be unchecked.
result = _currentIndex - _burnCounter - _startTokenId();
if (_sequentialUpTo() != type(uint256).max) result += _spotMinted;
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the total amount of tokens minted in the contract.
*/
function _totalMinted() internal view virtual returns (uint256 result) {
// Counter underflow is impossible as `_currentIndex` does not decrement,
// and it is initialized to `_startTokenId()`.
unchecked {
result = _currentIndex - _startTokenId();
if (_sequentialUpTo() != type(uint256).max) result += _spotMinted;
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the total number of tokens burned.
*/
function _totalBurned() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
return _burnCounter;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the total number of tokens that are spot-minted.
*/
function _totalSpotMinted() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
return _spotMinted;
}
// =============================================================
// ADDRESS DATA OPERATIONS
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Returns the number of tokens in `owner`'s account.
*/
function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
if (owner == address(0)) _revert(BalanceQueryForZeroAddress.selector);
return _packedAddressData[owner] & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
}
/**
* Returns the number of tokens minted by `owner`.
*/
function _numberMinted(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
return (_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
}
/**
* Returns the number of tokens burned by or on behalf of `owner`.
*/
function _numberBurned(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
return (_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
}
/**
* Returns the auxiliary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
*/
function _getAux(address owner) internal view returns (uint64) {
return uint64(_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_AUX);
}
/**
* Sets the auxiliary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
* If there are multiple variables, please pack them into a uint64.
*/
function _setAux(address owner, uint64 aux) internal virtual {
uint256 packed = _packedAddressData[owner];
uint256 auxCasted;
// Cast `aux` with assembly to avoid redundant masking.
assembly {
auxCasted := aux
}
packed = (packed & _BITMASK_AUX_COMPLEMENT) | (auxCasted << _BITPOS_AUX);
_packedAddressData[owner] = packed;
}
// =============================================================
// IERC165
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
* `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
* [EIP section](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified)
* to learn more about how these ids are created.
*
* This function call must use less than 30000 gas.
*/
function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
// The interface IDs are constants representing the first 4 bytes
// of the XOR of all function selectors in the interface.
// See: [ERC165](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165)
// (e.g. `bytes4(i.functionA.selector ^ i.functionB.selector ^ ...)`)
return
interfaceId == 0x01ffc9a7 || // ERC165 interface ID for ERC165.
interfaceId == 0x80ac58cd || // ERC165 interface ID for ERC721.
interfaceId == 0x5b5e139f; // ERC165 interface ID for ERC721Metadata.
}
// =============================================================
// IERC721Metadata
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Returns the token collection name.
*/
function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
return _name;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
*/
function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
return _symbol;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
*/
function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
if (!_exists(tokenId)) _revert(URIQueryForNonexistentToken.selector);
string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
return bytes(baseURI).length != 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, _toString(tokenId))) : '';
}
/**
* @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
* token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
* by default, it can be overridden in child contracts.
*/
function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
return '';
}
// =============================================================
// OWNERSHIPS OPERATIONS
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*/
function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
return address(uint160(_packedOwnershipOf(tokenId)));
}
/**
* @dev Gas spent here starts off proportional to the maximum mint batch size.
* It gradually moves to O(1) as tokens get transferred around over time.
*/
function _ownershipOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (TokenOwnership memory) {
return _unpackedOwnership(_packedOwnershipOf(tokenId));
}
/**
* @dev Returns the unpacked `TokenOwnership` struct at `index`.
*/
function _ownershipAt(uint256 index) internal view virtual returns (TokenOwnership memory) {
return _unpackedOwnership(_packedOwnerships[index]);
}
/**
* @dev Returns whether the ownership slot at `index` is initialized.
* An uninitialized slot does not necessarily mean that the slot has no owner.
*/
function _ownershipIsInitialized(uint256 index) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
return _packedOwnerships[index] != 0;
}
/**
* @dev Initializes the ownership slot minted at `index` for efficiency purposes.
*/
function _initializeOwnershipAt(uint256 index) internal virtual {
if (_packedOwnerships[index] == 0) {
_packedOwnerships[index] = _packedOwnershipOf(index);
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the packed ownership data of `tokenId`.
*/
function _packedOwnershipOf(uint256 tokenId) private view returns (uint256 packed) {
if (_startTokenId() <= tokenId) {
packed = _packedOwnerships[tokenId];
if (tokenId > _sequentialUpTo()) {
if (_packedOwnershipExists(packed)) return packed;
_revert(OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken.selector);
}
// If the data at the starting slot does not exist, start the scan.
if (packed == 0) {
if (tokenId >= _currentIndex) _revert(OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken.selector);
// Invariant:
// There will always be an initialized ownership slot
// (i.e. `ownership.addr != address(0) && ownership.burned == false`)
// before an unintialized ownership slot
// (i.e. `ownership.addr == address(0) && ownership.burned == false`)
// Hence, `tokenId` will not underflow.
//
// We can directly compare the packed value.
// If the address is zero, packed will be zero.
for (;;) {
unchecked {
packed = _packedOwnerships[--tokenId];
}
if (packed == 0) continue;
if (packed & _BITMASK_BURNED == 0) return packed;
// Otherwise, the token is burned, and we must revert.
// This handles the case of batch burned tokens, where only the burned bit
// of the starting slot is set, and remaining slots are left uninitialized.
_revert(OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken.selector);
}
}
// Otherwise, the data exists and we can skip the scan.
// This is possible because we have already achieved the target condition.
// This saves 2143 gas on transfers of initialized tokens.
// If the token is not burned, return `packed`. Otherwise, revert.
if (packed & _BITMASK_BURNED == 0) return packed;
}
_revert(OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken.selector);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the unpacked `TokenOwnership` struct from `packed`.
*/
function _unpackedOwnership(uint256 packed) private pure returns (TokenOwnership memory ownership) {
ownership.addr = address(uint160(packed));
ownership.startTimestamp = uint64(packed >> _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP);
ownership.burned = packed & _BITMASK_BURNED != 0;
ownership.extraData = uint24(packed >> _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
}
/**
* @dev Packs ownership data into a single uint256.
*/
function _packOwnershipData(address owner, uint256 flags) private view returns (uint256 result) {
assembly {
// Mask `owner` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
owner := and(owner, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
// `owner | (block.timestamp << _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP) | flags`.
result := or(owner, or(shl(_BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP, timestamp()), flags))
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the `nextInitialized` flag set if `quantity` equals 1.
*/
function _nextInitializedFlag(uint256 quantity) private pure returns (uint256 result) {
// For branchless setting of the `nextInitialized` flag.
assembly {
// `(quantity == 1) << _BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED`.
result := shl(_BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED, eq(quantity, 1))
}
}
// =============================================================
// APPROVAL OPERATIONS
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account. See {ERC721A-_approve}.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
*/
function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public payable virtual override {
_approve(to, tokenId, true);
}
/**
* @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*/
function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
if (!_exists(tokenId)) _revert(ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken.selector);
return _tokenApprovals[tokenId].value;
}
/**
* @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
* Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom}
* for any token owned by the caller.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
*
* Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
*/
function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
_operatorApprovals[_msgSenderERC721A()][operator] = approved;
emit ApprovalForAll(_msgSenderERC721A(), operator, approved);
}
/**
* @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
*
* See {setApprovalForAll}.
*/
function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
}
/**
* @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
*
* Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
*
* Tokens start existing when they are minted. See {_mint}.
*/
function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool result) {
if (_startTokenId() <= tokenId) {
if (tokenId > _sequentialUpTo()) return _packedOwnershipExists(_packedOwnerships[tokenId]);
if (tokenId < _currentIndex) {
uint256 packed;
while ((packed = _packedOwnerships[tokenId]) == 0) --tokenId;
result = packed & _BITMASK_BURNED == 0;
}
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns whether `packed` represents a token that exists.
*/
function _packedOwnershipExists(uint256 packed) private pure returns (bool result) {
assembly {
// The following is equivalent to `owner != address(0) && burned == false`.
// Symbolically tested.
result := gt(and(packed, _BITMASK_ADDRESS), and(packed, _BITMASK_BURNED))
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns whether `msgSender` is equal to `approvedAddress` or `owner`.
*/
function _isSenderApprovedOrOwner(
address approvedAddress,
address owner,
address msgSender
) private pure returns (bool result) {
assembly {
// Mask `owner` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
owner := and(owner, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
// Mask `msgSender` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
msgSender := and(msgSender, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
// `msgSender == owner || msgSender == approvedAddress`.
result := or(eq(msgSender, owner), eq(msgSender, approvedAddress))
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns the storage slot and value for the approved address of `tokenId`.
*/
function _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(uint256 tokenId)
private
view
returns (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress)
{
TokenApprovalRef storage tokenApproval = _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
// The following is equivalent to `approvedAddress = _tokenApprovals[tokenId].value`.
assembly {
approvedAddressSlot := tokenApproval.slot
approvedAddress := sload(approvedAddressSlot)
}
}
// =============================================================
// TRANSFER OPERATIONS
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `from` cannot be the zero address.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
* - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
* by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function transferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId
) public payable virtual override {
uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnershipOf(tokenId);
// Mask `from` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
from = address(uint160(uint256(uint160(from)) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS));
if (address(uint160(prevOwnershipPacked)) != from) _revert(TransferFromIncorrectOwner.selector);
(uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress) = _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(tokenId);
// The nested ifs save around 20+ gas over a compound boolean condition.
if (!_isSenderApprovedOrOwner(approvedAddress, from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
if (!isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSenderERC721A())) _revert(TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved.selector);
_beforeTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);
// Clear approvals from the previous owner.
assembly {
if approvedAddress {
// This is equivalent to `delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
sstore(approvedAddressSlot, 0)
}
}
// Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
// ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
// Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as `tokenId` would have to be 2**256.
unchecked {
// We can directly increment and decrement the balances.
--_packedAddressData[from]; // Updates: `balance -= 1`.
++_packedAddressData[to]; // Updates: `balance += 1`.
// Updates:
// - `address` to the next owner.
// - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of transfering.
// - `burned` to `false`.
// - `nextInitialized` to `true`.
_packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
to,
_BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED | _nextExtraData(from, to, prevOwnershipPacked)
);
// If the next slot may not have been initialized (i.e. `nextInitialized == false`) .
if (prevOwnershipPacked & _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED == 0) {
uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
// If the next slot's address is zero and not burned (i.e. packed value is zero).
if (_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] == 0) {
// If the next slot is within bounds.
if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
// Initialize the next slot to maintain correctness for `ownerOf(tokenId + 1)`.
_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] = prevOwnershipPacked;
}
}
}
}
// Mask `to` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
uint256 toMasked = uint256(uint160(to)) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS;
assembly {
// Emit the `Transfer` event.
log4(
0, // Start of data (0, since no data).
0, // End of data (0, since no data).
_TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, // Signature.
from, // `from`.
toMasked, // `to`.
tokenId // `tokenId`.
)
}
if (toMasked == 0) _revert(TransferToZeroAddress.selector);
_afterTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);
}
/**
* @dev Equivalent to `safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '')`.
*/
function safeTransferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId
) public payable virtual override {
safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '');
}
/**
* @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `from` cannot be the zero address.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
* - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
* by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
* - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
* {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function safeTransferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId,
bytes memory _data
) public payable virtual override {
transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
if (to.code.length != 0)
if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data)) {
_revert(TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer.selector);
}
}
/**
* @dev Hook that is called before a set of serially-ordered token IDs
* are about to be transferred. This includes minting.
* And also called before burning one token.
*
* `startTokenId` - the first token ID to be transferred.
* `quantity` - the amount to be transferred.
*
* Calling conditions:
*
* - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` will be
* transferred to `to`.
* - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
* - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` will be burned by `from`.
* - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
*/
function _beforeTokenTransfers(
address from,
address to,
uint256 startTokenId,
uint256 quantity
) internal virtual {}
/**
* @dev Hook that is called after a set of serially-ordered token IDs
* have been transferred. This includes minting.
* And also called after one token has been burned.
*
* `startTokenId` - the first token ID to be transferred.
* `quantity` - the amount to be transferred.
*
* Calling conditions:
*
* - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` has been
* transferred to `to`.
* - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` has been minted for `to`.
* - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` has been burned by `from`.
* - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
*/
function _afterTokenTransfers(
address from,
address to,
uint256 startTokenId,
uint256 quantity
) internal virtual {}
/**
* @dev Private function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target contract.
*
* `from` - Previous owner of the given token ID.
* `to` - Target address that will receive the token.
* `tokenId` - Token ID to be transferred.
* `_data` - Optional data to send along with the call.
*
* Returns whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value.
*/
function _checkContractOnERC721Received(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId,
bytes memory _data
) private returns (bool) {
try ERC721A__IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSenderERC721A(), from, tokenId, _data) returns (
bytes4 retval
) {
return retval == ERC721A__IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received.selector;
} catch (bytes memory reason) {
if (reason.length == 0) {
_revert(TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer.selector);
}
assembly {
revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
}
}
}
// =============================================================
// MINT OPERATIONS
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
*/
function _mint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
if (quantity == 0) _revert(MintZeroQuantity.selector);
_beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
// Overflows are incredibly unrealistic.
// `balance` and `numberMinted` have a maximum limit of 2**64.
// `tokenId` has a maximum limit of 2**256.
unchecked {
// Updates:
// - `address` to the owner.
// - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
// - `burned` to `false`.
// - `nextInitialized` to `quantity == 1`.
_packedOwnerships[startTokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
to,
_nextInitializedFlag(quantity) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, 0)
);
// Updates:
// - `balance += quantity`.
// - `numberMinted += quantity`.
//
// We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
_packedAddressData[to] += quantity * ((1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1);
// Mask `to` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
uint256 toMasked = uint256(uint160(to)) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS;
if (toMasked == 0) _revert(MintToZeroAddress.selector);
uint256 end = startTokenId + quantity;
uint256 tokenId = startTokenId;
if (end - 1 > _sequentialUpTo()) _revert(SequentialMintExceedsLimit.selector);
do {
assembly {
// Emit the `Transfer` event.
log4(
0, // Start of data (0, since no data).
0, // End of data (0, since no data).
_TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, // Signature.
0, // `address(0)`.
toMasked, // `to`.
tokenId // `tokenId`.
)
}
// The `!=` check ensures that large values of `quantity`
// that overflows uint256 will make the loop run out of gas.
} while (++tokenId != end);
_currentIndex = end;
}
_afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
}
/**
* @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
*
* This function is intended for efficient minting only during contract creation.
*
* It emits only one {ConsecutiveTransfer} as defined in
* [ERC2309](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2309),
* instead of a sequence of {Transfer} event(s).
*
* Calling this function outside of contract creation WILL make your contract
* non-compliant with the ERC721 standard.
* For full ERC721 compliance, substituting ERC721 {Transfer} event(s) with the ERC2309
* {ConsecutiveTransfer} event is only permissible during contract creation.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
*
* Emits a {ConsecutiveTransfer} event.
*/
function _mintERC2309(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
if (to == address(0)) _revert(MintToZeroAddress.selector);
if (quantity == 0) _revert(MintZeroQuantity.selector);
if (quantity > _MAX_MINT_ERC2309_QUANTITY_LIMIT) _revert(MintERC2309QuantityExceedsLimit.selector);
_beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
// Overflows are unrealistic due to the above check for `quantity` to be below the limit.
unchecked {
// Updates:
// - `balance += quantity`.
// - `numberMinted += quantity`.
//
// We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
_packedAddressData[to] += quantity * ((1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1);
// Updates:
// - `address` to the owner.
// - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
// - `burned` to `false`.
// - `nextInitialized` to `quantity == 1`.
_packedOwnerships[startTokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
to,
_nextInitializedFlag(quantity) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, 0)
);
if (startTokenId + quantity - 1 > _sequentialUpTo()) _revert(SequentialMintExceedsLimit.selector);
emit ConsecutiveTransfer(startTokenId, startTokenId + quantity - 1, address(0), to);
_currentIndex = startTokenId + quantity;
}
_afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
}
/**
* @dev Safely mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
* {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called for each safe transfer.
* - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
*
* See {_mint}.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
*/
function _safeMint(
address to,
uint256 quantity,
bytes memory _data
) internal virtual {
_mint(to, quantity);
unchecked {
if (to.code.length != 0) {
uint256 end = _currentIndex;
uint256 index = end - quantity;
do {
if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(address(0), to, index++, _data)) {
_revert(TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer.selector);
}
} while (index < end);
// This prevents reentrancy to `_safeMint`.
// It does not prevent reentrancy to `_safeMintSpot`.
if (_currentIndex != end) revert();
}
}
}
/**
* @dev Equivalent to `_safeMint(to, quantity, '')`.
*/
function _safeMint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
_safeMint(to, quantity, '');
}
/**
* @dev Mints a single token at `tokenId`.
*
* Note: A spot-minted `tokenId` that has been burned can be re-minted again.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` must be greater than `_sequentialUpTo()`.
* - `tokenId` must not exist.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
*/
function _mintSpot(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
if (tokenId <= _sequentialUpTo()) _revert(SpotMintTokenIdTooSmall.selector);
uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnerships[tokenId];
if (_packedOwnershipExists(prevOwnershipPacked)) _revert(TokenAlreadyExists.selector);
_beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);
// Overflows are incredibly unrealistic.
// The `numberMinted` for `to` is incremented by 1, and has a max limit of 2**64 - 1.
// `_spotMinted` is incremented by 1, and has a max limit of 2**256 - 1.
unchecked {
// Updates:
// - `address` to the owner.
// - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
// - `burned` to `false`.
// - `nextInitialized` to `true` (as `quantity == 1`).
_packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
to,
_nextInitializedFlag(1) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, prevOwnershipPacked)
);
// Updates:
// - `balance += 1`.
// - `numberMinted += 1`.
//
// We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
_packedAddressData[to] += (1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1;
// Mask `to` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
uint256 toMasked = uint256(uint160(to)) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS;
if (toMasked == 0) _revert(MintToZeroAddress.selector);
assembly {
// Emit the `Transfer` event.
log4(
0, // Start of data (0, since no data).
0, // End of data (0, since no data).
_TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, // Signature.
0, // `address(0)`.
toMasked, // `to`.
tokenId // `tokenId`.
)
}
++_spotMinted;
}
_afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);
}
/**
* @dev Safely mints a single token at `tokenId`.
*
* Note: A spot-minted `tokenId` that has been burned can be re-minted again.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}.
* - `tokenId` must be greater than `_sequentialUpTo()`.
* - `tokenId` must not exist.
*
* See {_mintSpot}.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function _safeMintSpot(
address to,
uint256 tokenId,
bytes memory _data
) internal virtual {
_mintSpot(to, tokenId);
unchecked {
if (to.code.length != 0) {
uint256 currentSpotMinted = _spotMinted;
if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, _data)) {
_revert(TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer.selector);
}
// This prevents reentrancy to `_safeMintSpot`.
// It does not prevent reentrancy to `_safeMint`.
if (_spotMinted != currentSpotMinted) revert();
}
}
}
/**
* @dev Equivalent to `_safeMintSpot(to, tokenId, '')`.
*/
function _safeMintSpot(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
_safeMintSpot(to, tokenId, '');
}
// =============================================================
// APPROVAL OPERATIONS
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Equivalent to `_approve(to, tokenId, false)`.
*/
function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
_approve(to, tokenId, false);
}
/**
* @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
* The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
*
* Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the
* zero address clears previous approvals.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*
* Emits an {Approval} event.
*/
function _approve(
address to,
uint256 tokenId,
bool approvalCheck
) internal virtual {
address owner = ownerOf(tokenId);
if (approvalCheck && _msgSenderERC721A() != owner)
if (!isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSenderERC721A())) {
_revert(ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved.selector);
}
_tokenApprovals[tokenId].value = to;
emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
}
// =============================================================
// BURN OPERATIONS
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Equivalent to `_burn(tokenId, false)`.
*/
function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
_burn(tokenId, false);
}
/**
* @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
* The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function _burn(uint256 tokenId, bool approvalCheck) internal virtual {
uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnershipOf(tokenId);
address from = address(uint160(prevOwnershipPacked));
(uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress) = _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(tokenId);
if (approvalCheck) {
// The nested ifs save around 20+ gas over a compound boolean condition.
if (!_isSenderApprovedOrOwner(approvedAddress, from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
if (!isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSenderERC721A())) _revert(TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved.selector);
}
_beforeTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);
// Clear approvals from the previous owner.
assembly {
if approvedAddress {
// This is equivalent to `delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
sstore(approvedAddressSlot, 0)
}
}
// Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
// ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
// Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as `tokenId` would have to be 2**256.
unchecked {
// Updates:
// - `balance -= 1`.
// - `numberBurned += 1`.
//
// We can directly decrement the balance, and increment the number burned.
// This is equivalent to `packed -= 1; packed += 1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED;`.
_packedAddressData[from] += (1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED) - 1;
// Updates:
// - `address` to the last owner.
// - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of burning.
// - `burned` to `true`.
// - `nextInitialized` to `true`.
_packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
from,
(_BITMASK_BURNED | _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED) | _nextExtraData(from, address(0), prevOwnershipPacked)
);
// If the next slot may not have been initialized (i.e. `nextInitialized == false`) .
if (prevOwnershipPacked & _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED == 0) {
uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
// If the next slot's address is zero and not burned (i.e. packed value is zero).
if (_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] == 0) {
// If the next slot is within bounds.
if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
// Initialize the next slot to maintain correctness for `ownerOf(tokenId + 1)`.
_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] = prevOwnershipPacked;
}
}
}
}
emit Transfer(from, address(0), tokenId);
_afterTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);
// Overflow not possible, as `_burnCounter` cannot be exceed `_currentIndex + _spotMinted` times.
unchecked {
_burnCounter++;
}
}
// =============================================================
// EXTRA DATA OPERATIONS
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Directly sets the extra data for the ownership data `index`.
*/
function _setExtraDataAt(uint256 index, uint24 extraData) internal virtual {
uint256 packed = _packedOwnerships[index];
if (packed == 0) _revert(OwnershipNotInitializedForExtraData.selector);
uint256 extraDataCasted;
// Cast `extraData` with assembly to avoid redundant masking.
assembly {
extraDataCasted := extraData
}
packed = (packed & _BITMASK_EXTRA_DATA_COMPLEMENT) | (extraDataCasted << _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
_packedOwnerships[index] = packed;
}
/**
* @dev Called during each token transfer to set the 24bit `extraData` field.
* Intended to be overridden by the cosumer contract.
*
* `previousExtraData` - the value of `extraData` before transfer.
*
* Calling conditions:
*
* - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` will be
* transferred to `to`.
* - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
* - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` will be burned by `from`.
* - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
*/
function _extraData(
address from,
address to,
uint24 previousExtraData
) internal view virtual returns (uint24) {}
/**
* @dev Returns the next extra data for the packed ownership data.
* The returned result is shifted into position.
*/
function _nextExtraData(
address from,
address to,
uint256 prevOwnershipPacked
) private view returns (uint256) {
uint24 extraData = uint24(prevOwnershipPacked >> _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
return uint256(_extraData(from, to, extraData)) << _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA;
}
// =============================================================
// OTHER OPERATIONS
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Returns the message sender (defaults to `msg.sender`).
*
* If you are writing GSN compatible contracts, you need to override this function.
*/
function _msgSenderERC721A() internal view virtual returns (address) {
return msg.sender;
}
/**
* @dev Converts a uint256 to its ASCII string decimal representation.
*/
function _toString(uint256 value) internal pure virtual returns (string memory str) {
assembly {
// The maximum value of a uint256 contains 78 digits (1 byte per digit), but
// we allocate 0xa0 bytes to keep the free memory pointer 32-byte word aligned.
// We will need 1 word for the trailing zeros padding, 1 word for the length,
// and 3 words for a maximum of 78 digits. Total: 5 * 0x20 = 0xa0.
let m := add(mload(0x40), 0xa0)
// Update the free memory pointer to allocate.
mstore(0x40, m)
// Assign the `str` to the end.
str := sub(m, 0x20)
// Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(str, 0)
// Cache the end of the memory to calculate the length later.
let end := str
// We write the string from rightmost digit to leftmost digit.
// The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
// prettier-ignore
for { let temp := value } 1 {} {
str := sub(str, 1)
// Write the character to the pointer.
// The ASCII index of the '0' character is 48.
mstore8(str, add(48, mod(temp, 10)))
// Keep dividing `temp` until zero.
temp := div(temp, 10)
// prettier-ignore
if iszero(temp) { break }
}
let length := sub(end, str)
// Move the pointer 32 bytes leftwards to make room for the length.
str := sub(str, 0x20)
// Store the length.
mstore(str, length)
}
}
/**
* @dev For more efficient reverts.
*/
function _revert(bytes4 errorSelector) internal pure {
assembly {
mstore(0x00, errorSelector)
revert(0x00, 0x04)
}
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v4.3.0
// Creator: Chiru Labs
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
import './IERC721AQueryable.sol';
import '../ERC721A.sol';
/**
* @title ERC721AQueryable.
*
* @dev ERC721A subclass with convenience query functions.
*/
abstract contract ERC721AQueryable is ERC721A, IERC721AQueryable {
/**
* @dev Returns the `TokenOwnership` struct at `tokenId` without reverting.
*
* If the `tokenId` is out of bounds:
*
* - `addr = address(0)`
* - `startTimestamp = 0`
* - `burned = false`
* - `extraData = 0`
*
* If the `tokenId` is burned:
*
* - `addr = <Address of owner before token was burned>`
* - `startTimestamp = <Timestamp when token was burned>`
* - `burned = true`
* - `extraData = <Extra data when token was burned>`
*
* Otherwise:
*
* - `addr = <Address of owner>`
* - `startTimestamp = <Timestamp of start of ownership>`
* - `burned = false`
* - `extraData = <Extra data at start of ownership>`
*/
function explicitOwnershipOf(uint256 tokenId)
public
view
virtual
override
returns (TokenOwnership memory ownership)
{
unchecked {
if (tokenId >= _startTokenId()) {
if (tokenId > _sequentialUpTo()) return _ownershipAt(tokenId);
if (tokenId < _nextTokenId()) {
// If the `tokenId` is within bounds,
// scan backwards for the initialized ownership slot.
while (!_ownershipIsInitialized(tokenId)) --tokenId;
return _ownershipAt(tokenId);
}
}
}
}
/**
* @dev Returns an array of `TokenOwnership` structs at `tokenIds` in order.
* See {ERC721AQueryable-explicitOwnershipOf}
*/
function explicitOwnershipsOf(uint256[] calldata tokenIds)
external
view
virtual
override
returns (TokenOwnership[] memory)
{
TokenOwnership[] memory ownerships;
uint256 i = tokenIds.length;
assembly {
// Grab the free memory pointer.
ownerships := mload(0x40)
// Store the length.
mstore(ownerships, i)
// Allocate one word for the length,
// `tokenIds.length` words for the pointers.
i := shl(5, i) // Multiply `i` by 32.
mstore(0x40, add(add(ownerships, 0x20), i))
}
while (i != 0) {
uint256 tokenId;
assembly {
i := sub(i, 0x20)
tokenId := calldataload(add(tokenIds.offset, i))
}
TokenOwnership memory ownership = explicitOwnershipOf(tokenId);
assembly {
// Store the pointer of `ownership` in the `ownerships` array.
mstore(add(add(ownerships, 0x20), i), ownership)
}
}
return ownerships;
}
/**
* @dev Returns an array of token IDs owned by `owner`,
* in the range [`start`, `stop`)
* (i.e. `start <= tokenId < stop`).
*
* This function allows for tokens to be queried if the collection
* grows too big for a single call of {ERC721AQueryable-tokensOfOwner}.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `start < stop`
*/
function tokensOfOwnerIn(
address owner,
uint256 start,
uint256 stop
) external view virtual override returns (uint256[] memory) {
return _tokensOfOwnerIn(owner, start, stop);
}
/**
* @dev Returns an array of token IDs owned by `owner`.
*
* This function scans the ownership mapping and is O(`totalSupply`) in complexity.
* It is meant to be called off-chain.
*
* See {ERC721AQueryable-tokensOfOwnerIn} for splitting the scan into
* multiple smaller scans if the collection is large enough to cause
* an out-of-gas error (10K collections should be fine).
*/
function tokensOfOwner(address owner) external view virtual override returns (uint256[] memory) {
// If spot mints are enabled, full-range scan is disabled.
if (_sequentialUpTo() != type(uint256).max) _revert(NotCompatibleWithSpotMints.selector);
uint256 start = _startTokenId();
uint256 stop = _nextTokenId();
uint256[] memory tokenIds;
if (start != stop) tokenIds = _tokensOfOwnerIn(owner, start, stop);
return tokenIds;
}
/**
* @dev Helper function for returning an array of token IDs owned by `owner`.
*
* Note that this function is optimized for smaller bytecode size over runtime gas,
* since it is meant to be called off-chain.
*/
function _tokensOfOwnerIn(
address owner,
uint256 start,
uint256 stop
) private view returns (uint256[] memory tokenIds) {
unchecked {
if (start >= stop) _revert(InvalidQueryRange.selector);
// Set `start = max(start, _startTokenId())`.
if (start < _startTokenId()) start = _startTokenId();
uint256 nextTokenId = _nextTokenId();
// If spot mints are enabled, scan all the way until the specified `stop`.
uint256 stopLimit = _sequentialUpTo() != type(uint256).max ? stop : nextTokenId;
// Set `stop = min(stop, stopLimit)`.
if (stop >= stopLimit) stop = stopLimit;
// Number of tokens to scan.
uint256 tokenIdsMaxLength = balanceOf(owner);
// Set `tokenIdsMaxLength` to zero if the range contains no tokens.
if (start >= stop) tokenIdsMaxLength = 0;
// If there are one or more tokens to scan.
if (tokenIdsMaxLength != 0) {
// Set `tokenIdsMaxLength = min(balanceOf(owner), tokenIdsMaxLength)`.
if (stop - start <= tokenIdsMaxLength) tokenIdsMaxLength = stop - start;
uint256 m; // Start of available memory.
assembly {
// Grab the free memory pointer.
tokenIds := mload(0x40)
// Allocate one word for the length, and `tokenIdsMaxLength` words
// for the data. `shl(5, x)` is equivalent to `mul(32, x)`.
m := add(tokenIds, shl(5, add(tokenIdsMaxLength, 1)))
mstore(0x40, m)
}
// We need to call `explicitOwnershipOf(start)`,
// because the slot at `start` may not be initialized.
TokenOwnership memory ownership = explicitOwnershipOf(start);
address currOwnershipAddr;
// If the starting slot exists (i.e. not burned),
// initialize `currOwnershipAddr`.
// `ownership.address` will not be zero,
// as `start` is clamped to the valid token ID range.
if (!ownership.burned) currOwnershipAddr = ownership.addr;
uint256 tokenIdsIdx;
// Use a do-while, which is slightly more efficient for this case,
// as the array will at least contain one element.
do {
if (_sequentialUpTo() != type(uint256).max) {
// Skip the remaining unused sequential slots.
if (start == nextTokenId) start = _sequentialUpTo() + 1;
// Reset `currOwnershipAddr`, as each spot-minted token is a batch of one.
if (start > _sequentialUpTo()) currOwnershipAddr = address(0);
}
ownership = _ownershipAt(start); // This implicitly allocates memory.
assembly {
switch mload(add(ownership, 0x40))
// if `ownership.burned == false`.
case 0 {
// if `ownership.addr != address(0)`.
// The `addr` already has it's upper 96 bits clearned,
// since it is written to memory with regular Solidity.
if mload(ownership) {
currOwnershipAddr := mload(ownership)
}
// if `currOwnershipAddr == owner`.
// The `shl(96, x)` is to make the comparison agnostic to any
// dirty upper 96 bits in `owner`.
if iszero(shl(96, xor(currOwnershipAddr, owner))) {
tokenIdsIdx := add(tokenIdsIdx, 1)
mstore(add(tokenIds, shl(5, tokenIdsIdx)), start)
}
}
// Otherwise, reset `currOwnershipAddr`.
// This handles the case of batch burned tokens
// (burned bit of first slot set, remaining slots left uninitialized).
default {
currOwnershipAddr := 0
}
start := add(start, 1)
// Free temporary memory implicitly allocated for ownership
// to avoid quadratic memory expansion costs.
mstore(0x40, m)
}
} while (!(start == stop || tokenIdsIdx == tokenIdsMaxLength));
// Store the length of the array.
assembly {
mstore(tokenIds, tokenIdsIdx)
}
}
}
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v4.3.0
// Creator: Chiru Labs
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
/**
* @dev Interface of ERC721A.
*/
interface IERC721A {
/**
* The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
*/
error ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
/**
* The token does not exist.
*/
error ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken();
/**
* Cannot query the balance for the zero address.
*/
error BalanceQueryForZeroAddress();
/**
* Cannot mint to the zero address.
*/
error MintToZeroAddress();
/**
* The quantity of tokens minted must be more than zero.
*/
error MintZeroQuantity();
/**
* The token does not exist.
*/
error OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken();
/**
* The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
*/
error TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();
/**
* The token must be owned by `from`.
*/
error TransferFromIncorrectOwner();
/**
* Cannot safely transfer to a contract that does not implement the
* ERC721Receiver interface.
*/
error TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();
/**
* Cannot transfer to the zero address.
*/
error TransferToZeroAddress();
/**
* The token does not exist.
*/
error URIQueryForNonexistentToken();
/**
* The `quantity` minted with ERC2309 exceeds the safety limit.
*/
error MintERC2309QuantityExceedsLimit();
/**
* The `extraData` cannot be set on an unintialized ownership slot.
*/
error OwnershipNotInitializedForExtraData();
/**
* `_sequentialUpTo()` must be greater than `_startTokenId()`.
*/
error SequentialUpToTooSmall();
/**
* The `tokenId` of a sequential mint exceeds `_sequentialUpTo()`.
*/
error SequentialMintExceedsLimit();
/**
* Spot minting requires a `tokenId` greater than `_sequentialUpTo()`.
*/
error SpotMintTokenIdTooSmall();
/**
* Cannot mint over a token that already exists.
*/
error TokenAlreadyExists();
/**
* The feature is not compatible with spot mints.
*/
error NotCompatibleWithSpotMints();
// =============================================================
// STRUCTS
// =============================================================
struct TokenOwnership {
// The address of the owner.
address addr;
// Stores the start time of ownership with minimal overhead for tokenomics.
uint64 startTimestamp;
// Whether the token has been burned.
bool burned;
// Arbitrary data similar to `startTimestamp` that can be set via {_extraData}.
uint24 extraData;
}
// =============================================================
// TOKEN COUNTERS
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Returns the total number of tokens in existence.
* Burned tokens will reduce the count.
* To get the total number of tokens minted, please see {_totalMinted}.
*/
function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
// =============================================================
// IERC165
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
* `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
* [EIP section](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified)
* to learn more about how these ids are created.
*
* This function call must use less than 30000 gas.
*/
function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
// =============================================================
// IERC721
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
*/
event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);
/**
* @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
*/
event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);
/**
* @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables
* (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
*/
event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);
/**
* @dev Returns the number of tokens in `owner`'s account.
*/
function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);
/**
* @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*/
function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);
/**
* @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`,
* checking first that contract recipients are aware of the ERC721 protocol
* to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `from` cannot be the zero address.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
* - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move
* this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
* - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
* {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function safeTransferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId,
bytes calldata data
) external payable;
/**
* @dev Equivalent to `safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '')`.
*/
function safeTransferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId
) external payable;
/**
* @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
*
* WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom}
* whenever possible.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `from` cannot be the zero address.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
* - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
* by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/
function transferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 tokenId
) external payable;
/**
* @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
* The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
*
* Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the
* zero address clears previous approvals.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*
* Emits an {Approval} event.
*/
function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external payable;
/**
* @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
* Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom}
* for any token owned by the caller.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
*
* Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
*/
function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;
/**
* @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*/
function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);
/**
* @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
*
* See {setApprovalForAll}.
*/
function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
// =============================================================
// IERC721Metadata
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Returns the token collection name.
*/
function name() external view returns (string memory);
/**
* @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
*/
function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
/**
* @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
*/
function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
// =============================================================
// IERC2309
// =============================================================
/**
* @dev Emitted when tokens in `fromTokenId` to `toTokenId`
* (inclusive) is transferred from `from` to `to`, as defined in the
* [ERC2309](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2309) standard.
*
* See {_mintERC2309} for more details.
*/
event ConsecutiveTransfer(uint256 indexed fromTokenId, uint256 toTokenId, address indexed from, address indexed to);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v4.3.0
// Creator: Chiru Labs
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
import '../IERC721A.sol';
/**
* @dev Interface of ERC721AQueryable.
*/
interface IERC721AQueryable is IERC721A {
/**
* Invalid query range (`start` >= `stop`).
*/
error InvalidQueryRange();
/**
* @dev Returns the `TokenOwnership` struct at `tokenId` without reverting.
*
* If the `tokenId` is out of bounds:
*
* - `addr = address(0)`
* - `startTimestamp = 0`
* - `burned = false`
* - `extraData = 0`
*
* If the `tokenId` is burned:
*
* - `addr = <Address of owner before token was burned>`
* - `startTimestamp = <Timestamp when token was burned>`
* - `burned = true`
* - `extraData = <Extra data when token was burned>`
*
* Otherwise:
*
* - `addr = <Address of owner>`
* - `startTimestamp = <Timestamp of start of ownership>`
* - `burned = false`
* - `extraData = <Extra data at start of ownership>`
*/
function explicitOwnershipOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (TokenOwnership memory);
/**
* @dev Returns an array of `TokenOwnership` structs at `tokenIds` in order.
* See {ERC721AQueryable-explicitOwnershipOf}
*/
function explicitOwnershipsOf(uint256[] memory tokenIds) external view returns (TokenOwnership[] memory);
/**
* @dev Returns an array of token IDs owned by `owner`,
* in the range [`start`, `stop`)
* (i.e. `start <= tokenId < stop`).
*
* This function allows for tokens to be queried if the collection
* grows too big for a single call of {ERC721AQueryable-tokensOfOwner}.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `start < stop`
*/
function tokensOfOwnerIn(
address owner,
uint256 start,
uint256 stop
) external view returns (uint256[] memory);
/**
* @dev Returns an array of token IDs owned by `owner`.
*
* This function scans the ownership mapping and is O(`totalSupply`) in complexity.
* It is meant to be called off-chain.
*
* See {ERC721AQueryable-tokensOfOwnerIn} for splitting the scan into
* multiple smaller scans if the collection is large enough to cause
* an out-of-gas error (10K collections should be fine).
*/
function tokensOfOwner(address owner) external view returns (uint256[] memory);
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
/// @notice Library for converting numbers into strings and other string operations.
/// @author Solady (https://github.com/vectorized/solady/blob/main/src/utils/LibString.sol)
/// @author Modified from Solmate (https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/main/src/utils/LibString.sol)
///
/// @dev Note:
/// For performance and bytecode compactness, most of the string operations are restricted to
/// byte strings (7-bit ASCII), except where otherwise specified.
/// Usage of byte string operations on charsets with runes spanning two or more bytes
/// can lead to undefined behavior.
library LibString {
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* CUSTOM ERRORS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev The length of the output is too small to contain all the hex digits.
error HexLengthInsufficient();
/// @dev The length of the string is more than 32 bytes.
error TooBigForSmallString();
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* CONSTANTS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev The constant returned when the `search` is not found in the string.
uint256 internal constant NOT_FOUND = type(uint256).max;
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* DECIMAL OPERATIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Returns the base 10 decimal representation of `value`.
function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory str) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// The maximum value of a uint256 contains 78 digits (1 byte per digit), but
// we allocate 0xa0 bytes to keep the free memory pointer 32-byte word aligned.
// We will need 1 word for the trailing zeros padding, 1 word for the length,
// and 3 words for a maximum of 78 digits.
str := add(mload(0x40), 0x80)
// Update the free memory pointer to allocate.
mstore(0x40, add(str, 0x20))
// Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(str, 0)
// Cache the end of the memory to calculate the length later.
let end := str
let w := not(0) // Tsk.
// We write the string from rightmost digit to leftmost digit.
// The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
for { let temp := value } 1 {} {
str := add(str, w) // `sub(str, 1)`.
// Write the character to the pointer.
// The ASCII index of the '0' character is 48.
mstore8(str, add(48, mod(temp, 10)))
// Keep dividing `temp` until zero.
temp := div(temp, 10)
if iszero(temp) { break }
}
let length := sub(end, str)
// Move the pointer 32 bytes leftwards to make room for the length.
str := sub(str, 0x20)
// Store the length.
mstore(str, length)
}
}
/// @dev Returns the base 10 decimal representation of `value`.
function toString(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory str) {
if (value >= 0) {
return toString(uint256(value));
}
unchecked {
str = toString(~uint256(value) + 1);
}
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// We still have some spare memory space on the left,
// as we have allocated 3 words (96 bytes) for up to 78 digits.
let length := mload(str) // Load the string length.
mstore(str, 0x2d) // Store the '-' character.
str := sub(str, 1) // Move back the string pointer by a byte.
mstore(str, add(length, 1)) // Update the string length.
}
}
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* HEXADECIMAL OPERATIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`,
/// left-padded to an input length of `length` bytes.
/// The output is prefixed with "0x" encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte,
/// giving a total length of `length * 2 + 2` bytes.
/// Reverts if `length` is too small for the output to contain all the digits.
function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory str) {
str = toHexStringNoPrefix(value, length);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let strLength := add(mload(str), 2) // Compute the length.
mstore(str, 0x3078) // Write the "0x" prefix.
str := sub(str, 2) // Move the pointer.
mstore(str, strLength) // Write the length.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`,
/// left-padded to an input length of `length` bytes.
/// The output is prefixed with "0x" encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte,
/// giving a total length of `length * 2` bytes.
/// Reverts if `length` is too small for the output to contain all the digits.
function toHexStringNoPrefix(uint256 value, uint256 length)
internal
pure
returns (string memory str)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// We need 0x20 bytes for the trailing zeros padding, `length * 2` bytes
// for the digits, 0x02 bytes for the prefix, and 0x20 bytes for the length.
// We add 0x20 to the total and round down to a multiple of 0x20.
// (0x20 + 0x20 + 0x02 + 0x20) = 0x62.
str := add(mload(0x40), and(add(shl(1, length), 0x42), not(0x1f)))
// Allocate the memory.
mstore(0x40, add(str, 0x20))
// Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(str, 0)
// Cache the end to calculate the length later.
let end := str
// Store "0123456789abcdef" in scratch space.
mstore(0x0f, 0x30313233343536373839616263646566)
let start := sub(str, add(length, length))
let w := not(1) // Tsk.
let temp := value
// We write the string from rightmost digit to leftmost digit.
// The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
for {} 1 {} {
str := add(str, w) // `sub(str, 2)`.
mstore8(add(str, 1), mload(and(temp, 15)))
mstore8(str, mload(and(shr(4, temp), 15)))
temp := shr(8, temp)
if iszero(xor(str, start)) { break }
}
if temp {
mstore(0x00, 0x2194895a) // `HexLengthInsufficient()`.
revert(0x1c, 0x04)
}
// Compute the string's length.
let strLength := sub(end, str)
// Move the pointer and write the length.
str := sub(str, 0x20)
mstore(str, strLength)
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output is prefixed with "0x" and encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte.
/// As address are 20 bytes long, the output will left-padded to have
/// a length of `20 * 2 + 2` bytes.
function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory str) {
str = toHexStringNoPrefix(value);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let strLength := add(mload(str), 2) // Compute the length.
mstore(str, 0x3078) // Write the "0x" prefix.
str := sub(str, 2) // Move the pointer.
mstore(str, strLength) // Write the length.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output is prefixed with "0x".
/// The output excludes leading "0" from the `toHexString` output.
/// `0x00: "0x0", 0x01: "0x1", 0x12: "0x12", 0x123: "0x123"`.
function toMinimalHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory str) {
str = toHexStringNoPrefix(value);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let o := eq(byte(0, mload(add(str, 0x20))), 0x30) // Whether leading zero is present.
let strLength := add(mload(str), 2) // Compute the length.
mstore(add(str, o), 0x3078) // Write the "0x" prefix, accounting for leading zero.
str := sub(add(str, o), 2) // Move the pointer, accounting for leading zero.
mstore(str, sub(strLength, o)) // Write the length, accounting for leading zero.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output excludes leading "0" from the `toHexStringNoPrefix` output.
/// `0x00: "0", 0x01: "1", 0x12: "12", 0x123: "123"`.
function toMinimalHexStringNoPrefix(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory str) {
str = toHexStringNoPrefix(value);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let o := eq(byte(0, mload(add(str, 0x20))), 0x30) // Whether leading zero is present.
let strLength := mload(str) // Get the length.
str := add(str, o) // Move the pointer, accounting for leading zero.
mstore(str, sub(strLength, o)) // Write the length, accounting for leading zero.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output is encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte.
/// As address are 20 bytes long, the output will left-padded to have
/// a length of `20 * 2` bytes.
function toHexStringNoPrefix(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory str) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// We need 0x20 bytes for the trailing zeros padding, 0x20 bytes for the length,
// 0x02 bytes for the prefix, and 0x40 bytes for the digits.
// The next multiple of 0x20 above (0x20 + 0x20 + 0x02 + 0x40) is 0xa0.
str := add(mload(0x40), 0x80)
// Allocate the memory.
mstore(0x40, add(str, 0x20))
// Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(str, 0)
// Cache the end to calculate the length later.
let end := str
// Store "0123456789abcdef" in scratch space.
mstore(0x0f, 0x30313233343536373839616263646566)
let w := not(1) // Tsk.
// We write the string from rightmost digit to leftmost digit.
// The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
for { let temp := value } 1 {} {
str := add(str, w) // `sub(str, 2)`.
mstore8(add(str, 1), mload(and(temp, 15)))
mstore8(str, mload(and(shr(4, temp), 15)))
temp := shr(8, temp)
if iszero(temp) { break }
}
// Compute the string's length.
let strLength := sub(end, str)
// Move the pointer and write the length.
str := sub(str, 0x20)
mstore(str, strLength)
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output is prefixed with "0x", encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte,
/// and the alphabets are capitalized conditionally according to
/// https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-55
function toHexStringChecksummed(address value) internal pure returns (string memory str) {
str = toHexString(value);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let mask := shl(6, div(not(0), 255)) // `0b010000000100000000 ...`
let o := add(str, 0x22)
let hashed := and(keccak256(o, 40), mul(34, mask)) // `0b10001000 ... `
let t := shl(240, 136) // `0b10001000 << 240`
for { let i := 0 } 1 {} {
mstore(add(i, i), mul(t, byte(i, hashed)))
i := add(i, 1)
if eq(i, 20) { break }
}
mstore(o, xor(mload(o), shr(1, and(mload(0x00), and(mload(o), mask)))))
o := add(o, 0x20)
mstore(o, xor(mload(o), shr(1, and(mload(0x20), and(mload(o), mask)))))
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output is prefixed with "0x" and encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte.
function toHexString(address value) internal pure returns (string memory str) {
str = toHexStringNoPrefix(value);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let strLength := add(mload(str), 2) // Compute the length.
mstore(str, 0x3078) // Write the "0x" prefix.
str := sub(str, 2) // Move the pointer.
mstore(str, strLength) // Write the length.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hexadecimal representation of `value`.
/// The output is encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte.
function toHexStringNoPrefix(address value) internal pure returns (string memory str) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
str := mload(0x40)
// Allocate the memory.
// We need 0x20 bytes for the trailing zeros padding, 0x20 bytes for the length,
// 0x02 bytes for the prefix, and 0x28 bytes for the digits.
// The next multiple of 0x20 above (0x20 + 0x20 + 0x02 + 0x28) is 0x80.
mstore(0x40, add(str, 0x80))
// Store "0123456789abcdef" in scratch space.
mstore(0x0f, 0x30313233343536373839616263646566)
str := add(str, 2)
mstore(str, 40)
let o := add(str, 0x20)
mstore(add(o, 40), 0)
value := shl(96, value)
// We write the string from rightmost digit to leftmost digit.
// The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
for { let i := 0 } 1 {} {
let p := add(o, add(i, i))
let temp := byte(i, value)
mstore8(add(p, 1), mload(and(temp, 15)))
mstore8(p, mload(shr(4, temp)))
i := add(i, 1)
if eq(i, 20) { break }
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hex encoded string from the raw bytes.
/// The output is encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte.
function toHexString(bytes memory raw) internal pure returns (string memory str) {
str = toHexStringNoPrefix(raw);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let strLength := add(mload(str), 2) // Compute the length.
mstore(str, 0x3078) // Write the "0x" prefix.
str := sub(str, 2) // Move the pointer.
mstore(str, strLength) // Write the length.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the hex encoded string from the raw bytes.
/// The output is encoded using 2 hexadecimal digits per byte.
function toHexStringNoPrefix(bytes memory raw) internal pure returns (string memory str) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let length := mload(raw)
str := add(mload(0x40), 2) // Skip 2 bytes for the optional prefix.
mstore(str, add(length, length)) // Store the length of the output.
// Store "0123456789abcdef" in scratch space.
mstore(0x0f, 0x30313233343536373839616263646566)
let o := add(str, 0x20)
let end := add(raw, length)
for {} iszero(eq(raw, end)) {} {
raw := add(raw, 1)
mstore8(add(o, 1), mload(and(mload(raw), 15)))
mstore8(o, mload(and(shr(4, mload(raw)), 15)))
o := add(o, 2)
}
mstore(o, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(0x40, add(o, 0x20)) // Allocate the memory.
}
}
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* RUNE STRING OPERATIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
/// @dev Returns the number of UTF characters in the string.
function runeCount(string memory s) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
if mload(s) {
mstore(0x00, div(not(0), 255))
mstore(0x20, 0x0202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020303030304040506)
let o := add(s, 0x20)
let end := add(o, mload(s))
for { result := 1 } 1 { result := add(result, 1) } {
o := add(o, byte(0, mload(shr(250, mload(o)))))
if iszero(lt(o, end)) { break }
}
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns if this string is a 7-bit ASCII string.
/// (i.e. all characters codes are in [0..127])
function is7BitASCII(string memory s) internal pure returns (bool result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let mask := shl(7, div(not(0), 255))
result := 1
let n := mload(s)
if n {
let o := add(s, 0x20)
let end := add(o, n)
let last := mload(end)
mstore(end, 0)
for {} 1 {} {
if and(mask, mload(o)) {
result := 0
break
}
o := add(o, 0x20)
if iszero(lt(o, end)) { break }
}
mstore(end, last)
}
}
}
/*´:°•.°+.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°•.*•´.*:˚.°*.˚•´.°:°•.°+.*•´.*:*/
/* BYTE STRING OPERATIONS */
/*.•°:°.´+˚.*°.˚:*.´•*.+°.•°:´*.´•*.•°.•°:°.´:•˚°.*°.˚:*.´+°.•*/
// For performance and bytecode compactness, byte string operations are restricted
// to 7-bit ASCII strings. All offsets are byte offsets, not UTF character offsets.
// Usage of byte string operations on charsets with runes spanning two or more bytes
// can lead to undefined behavior.
/// @dev Returns `subject` all occurrences of `search` replaced with `replacement`.
function replace(string memory subject, string memory search, string memory replacement)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let subjectLength := mload(subject)
let searchLength := mload(search)
let replacementLength := mload(replacement)
subject := add(subject, 0x20)
search := add(search, 0x20)
replacement := add(replacement, 0x20)
result := add(mload(0x40), 0x20)
let subjectEnd := add(subject, subjectLength)
if iszero(gt(searchLength, subjectLength)) {
let subjectSearchEnd := add(sub(subjectEnd, searchLength), 1)
let h := 0
if iszero(lt(searchLength, 0x20)) { h := keccak256(search, searchLength) }
let m := shl(3, sub(0x20, and(searchLength, 0x1f)))
let s := mload(search)
for {} 1 {} {
let t := mload(subject)
// Whether the first `searchLength % 32` bytes of
// `subject` and `search` matches.
if iszero(shr(m, xor(t, s))) {
if h {
if iszero(eq(keccak256(subject, searchLength), h)) {
mstore(result, t)
result := add(result, 1)
subject := add(subject, 1)
if iszero(lt(subject, subjectSearchEnd)) { break }
continue
}
}
// Copy the `replacement` one word at a time.
for { let o := 0 } 1 {} {
mstore(add(result, o), mload(add(replacement, o)))
o := add(o, 0x20)
if iszero(lt(o, replacementLength)) { break }
}
result := add(result, replacementLength)
subject := add(subject, searchLength)
if searchLength {
if iszero(lt(subject, subjectSearchEnd)) { break }
continue
}
}
mstore(result, t)
result := add(result, 1)
subject := add(subject, 1)
if iszero(lt(subject, subjectSearchEnd)) { break }
}
}
let resultRemainder := result
result := add(mload(0x40), 0x20)
let k := add(sub(resultRemainder, result), sub(subjectEnd, subject))
// Copy the rest of the string one word at a time.
for {} lt(subject, subjectEnd) {} {
mstore(resultRemainder, mload(subject))
resultRemainder := add(resultRemainder, 0x20)
subject := add(subject, 0x20)
}
result := sub(result, 0x20)
let last := add(add(result, 0x20), k) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(last, 0)
mstore(0x40, add(last, 0x20)) // Allocate the memory.
mstore(result, k) // Store the length.
}
}
/// @dev Returns the byte index of the first location of `search` in `subject`,
/// searching from left to right, starting from `from`.
/// Returns `NOT_FOUND` (i.e. `type(uint256).max`) if the `search` is not found.
function indexOf(string memory subject, string memory search, uint256 from)
internal
pure
returns (uint256 result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
for { let subjectLength := mload(subject) } 1 {} {
if iszero(mload(search)) {
if iszero(gt(from, subjectLength)) {
result := from
break
}
result := subjectLength
break
}
let searchLength := mload(search)
let subjectStart := add(subject, 0x20)
result := not(0) // Initialize to `NOT_FOUND`.
subject := add(subjectStart, from)
let end := add(sub(add(subjectStart, subjectLength), searchLength), 1)
let m := shl(3, sub(0x20, and(searchLength, 0x1f)))
let s := mload(add(search, 0x20))
if iszero(and(lt(subject, end), lt(from, subjectLength))) { break }
if iszero(lt(searchLength, 0x20)) {
for { let h := keccak256(add(search, 0x20), searchLength) } 1 {} {
if iszero(shr(m, xor(mload(subject), s))) {
if eq(keccak256(subject, searchLength), h) {
result := sub(subject, subjectStart)
break
}
}
subject := add(subject, 1)
if iszero(lt(subject, end)) { break }
}
break
}
for {} 1 {} {
if iszero(shr(m, xor(mload(subject), s))) {
result := sub(subject, subjectStart)
break
}
subject := add(subject, 1)
if iszero(lt(subject, end)) { break }
}
break
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns the byte index of the first location of `search` in `subject`,
/// searching from left to right.
/// Returns `NOT_FOUND` (i.e. `type(uint256).max`) if the `search` is not found.
function indexOf(string memory subject, string memory search)
internal
pure
returns (uint256 result)
{
result = indexOf(subject, search, 0);
}
/// @dev Returns the byte index of the first location of `search` in `subject`,
/// searching from right to left, starting from `from`.
/// Returns `NOT_FOUND` (i.e. `type(uint256).max`) if the `search` is not found.
function lastIndexOf(string memory subject, string memory search, uint256 from)
internal
pure
returns (uint256 result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
for {} 1 {} {
result := not(0) // Initialize to `NOT_FOUND`.
let searchLength := mload(search)
if gt(searchLength, mload(subject)) { break }
let w := result
let fromMax := sub(mload(subject), searchLength)
if iszero(gt(fromMax, from)) { from := fromMax }
let end := add(add(subject, 0x20), w)
subject := add(add(subject, 0x20), from)
if iszero(gt(subject, end)) { break }
// As this function is not too often used,
// we shall simply use keccak256 for smaller bytecode size.
for { let h := keccak256(add(search, 0x20), searchLength) } 1 {} {
if eq(keccak256(subject, searchLength), h) {
result := sub(subject, add(end, 1))
break
}
subject := add(subject, w) // `sub(subject, 1)`.
if iszero(gt(subject, end)) { break }
}
break
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns the byte index of the first location of `search` in `subject`,
/// searching from right to left.
/// Returns `NOT_FOUND` (i.e. `type(uint256).max`) if the `search` is not found.
function lastIndexOf(string memory subject, string memory search)
internal
pure
returns (uint256 result)
{
result = lastIndexOf(subject, search, uint256(int256(-1)));
}
/// @dev Returns true if `search` is found in `subject`, false otherwise.
function contains(string memory subject, string memory search) internal pure returns (bool) {
return indexOf(subject, search) != NOT_FOUND;
}
/// @dev Returns whether `subject` starts with `search`.
function startsWith(string memory subject, string memory search)
internal
pure
returns (bool result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let searchLength := mload(search)
// Just using keccak256 directly is actually cheaper.
// forgefmt: disable-next-item
result := and(
iszero(gt(searchLength, mload(subject))),
eq(
keccak256(add(subject, 0x20), searchLength),
keccak256(add(search, 0x20), searchLength)
)
)
}
}
/// @dev Returns whether `subject` ends with `search`.
function endsWith(string memory subject, string memory search)
internal
pure
returns (bool result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let searchLength := mload(search)
let subjectLength := mload(subject)
// Whether `search` is not longer than `subject`.
let withinRange := iszero(gt(searchLength, subjectLength))
// Just using keccak256 directly is actually cheaper.
// forgefmt: disable-next-item
result := and(
withinRange,
eq(
keccak256(
// `subject + 0x20 + max(subjectLength - searchLength, 0)`.
add(add(subject, 0x20), mul(withinRange, sub(subjectLength, searchLength))),
searchLength
),
keccak256(add(search, 0x20), searchLength)
)
)
}
}
/// @dev Returns `subject` repeated `times`.
function repeat(string memory subject, uint256 times)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let subjectLength := mload(subject)
if iszero(or(iszero(times), iszero(subjectLength))) {
subject := add(subject, 0x20)
result := mload(0x40)
let output := add(result, 0x20)
for {} 1 {} {
// Copy the `subject` one word at a time.
for { let o := 0 } 1 {} {
mstore(add(output, o), mload(add(subject, o)))
o := add(o, 0x20)
if iszero(lt(o, subjectLength)) { break }
}
output := add(output, subjectLength)
times := sub(times, 1)
if iszero(times) { break }
}
mstore(output, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
let resultLength := sub(output, add(result, 0x20))
mstore(result, resultLength) // Store the length.
// Allocate the memory.
mstore(0x40, add(result, add(resultLength, 0x20)))
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns a copy of `subject` sliced from `start` to `end` (exclusive).
/// `start` and `end` are byte offsets.
function slice(string memory subject, uint256 start, uint256 end)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let subjectLength := mload(subject)
if iszero(gt(subjectLength, end)) { end := subjectLength }
if iszero(gt(subjectLength, start)) { start := subjectLength }
if lt(start, end) {
result := mload(0x40)
let resultLength := sub(end, start)
mstore(result, resultLength)
subject := add(subject, start)
let w := not(0x1f)
// Copy the `subject` one word at a time, backwards.
for { let o := and(add(resultLength, 0x1f), w) } 1 {} {
mstore(add(result, o), mload(add(subject, o)))
o := add(o, w) // `sub(o, 0x20)`.
if iszero(o) { break }
}
// Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(add(add(result, 0x20), resultLength), 0)
// Allocate memory for the length and the bytes,
// rounded up to a multiple of 32.
mstore(0x40, add(result, and(add(resultLength, 0x3f), w)))
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns a copy of `subject` sliced from `start` to the end of the string.
/// `start` is a byte offset.
function slice(string memory subject, uint256 start)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
result = slice(subject, start, uint256(int256(-1)));
}
/// @dev Returns all the indices of `search` in `subject`.
/// The indices are byte offsets.
function indicesOf(string memory subject, string memory search)
internal
pure
returns (uint256[] memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let subjectLength := mload(subject)
let searchLength := mload(search)
if iszero(gt(searchLength, subjectLength)) {
subject := add(subject, 0x20)
search := add(search, 0x20)
result := add(mload(0x40), 0x20)
let subjectStart := subject
let subjectSearchEnd := add(sub(add(subject, subjectLength), searchLength), 1)
let h := 0
if iszero(lt(searchLength, 0x20)) { h := keccak256(search, searchLength) }
let m := shl(3, sub(0x20, and(searchLength, 0x1f)))
let s := mload(search)
for {} 1 {} {
let t := mload(subject)
// Whether the first `searchLength % 32` bytes of
// `subject` and `search` matches.
if iszero(shr(m, xor(t, s))) {
if h {
if iszero(eq(keccak256(subject, searchLength), h)) {
subject := add(subject, 1)
if iszero(lt(subject, subjectSearchEnd)) { break }
continue
}
}
// Append to `result`.
mstore(result, sub(subject, subjectStart))
result := add(result, 0x20)
// Advance `subject` by `searchLength`.
subject := add(subject, searchLength)
if searchLength {
if iszero(lt(subject, subjectSearchEnd)) { break }
continue
}
}
subject := add(subject, 1)
if iszero(lt(subject, subjectSearchEnd)) { break }
}
let resultEnd := result
// Assign `result` to the free memory pointer.
result := mload(0x40)
// Store the length of `result`.
mstore(result, shr(5, sub(resultEnd, add(result, 0x20))))
// Allocate memory for result.
// We allocate one more word, so this array can be recycled for {split}.
mstore(0x40, add(resultEnd, 0x20))
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns a arrays of strings based on the `delimiter` inside of the `subject` string.
function split(string memory subject, string memory delimiter)
internal
pure
returns (string[] memory result)
{
uint256[] memory indices = indicesOf(subject, delimiter);
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let w := not(0x1f)
let indexPtr := add(indices, 0x20)
let indicesEnd := add(indexPtr, shl(5, add(mload(indices), 1)))
mstore(add(indicesEnd, w), mload(subject))
mstore(indices, add(mload(indices), 1))
let prevIndex := 0
for {} 1 {} {
let index := mload(indexPtr)
mstore(indexPtr, 0x60)
if iszero(eq(index, prevIndex)) {
let element := mload(0x40)
let elementLength := sub(index, prevIndex)
mstore(element, elementLength)
// Copy the `subject` one word at a time, backwards.
for { let o := and(add(elementLength, 0x1f), w) } 1 {} {
mstore(add(element, o), mload(add(add(subject, prevIndex), o)))
o := add(o, w) // `sub(o, 0x20)`.
if iszero(o) { break }
}
// Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(add(add(element, 0x20), elementLength), 0)
// Allocate memory for the length and the bytes,
// rounded up to a multiple of 32.
mstore(0x40, add(element, and(add(elementLength, 0x3f), w)))
// Store the `element` into the array.
mstore(indexPtr, element)
}
prevIndex := add(index, mload(delimiter))
indexPtr := add(indexPtr, 0x20)
if iszero(lt(indexPtr, indicesEnd)) { break }
}
result := indices
if iszero(mload(delimiter)) {
result := add(indices, 0x20)
mstore(result, sub(mload(indices), 2))
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns a concatenated string of `a` and `b`.
/// Cheaper than `string.concat()` and does not de-align the free memory pointer.
function concat(string memory a, string memory b)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let w := not(0x1f)
result := mload(0x40)
let aLength := mload(a)
// Copy `a` one word at a time, backwards.
for { let o := and(add(aLength, 0x20), w) } 1 {} {
mstore(add(result, o), mload(add(a, o)))
o := add(o, w) // `sub(o, 0x20)`.
if iszero(o) { break }
}
let bLength := mload(b)
let output := add(result, aLength)
// Copy `b` one word at a time, backwards.
for { let o := and(add(bLength, 0x20), w) } 1 {} {
mstore(add(output, o), mload(add(b, o)))
o := add(o, w) // `sub(o, 0x20)`.
if iszero(o) { break }
}
let totalLength := add(aLength, bLength)
let last := add(add(result, 0x20), totalLength)
// Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(last, 0)
// Stores the length.
mstore(result, totalLength)
// Allocate memory for the length and the bytes,
// rounded up to a multiple of 32.
mstore(0x40, and(add(last, 0x1f), w))
}
}
/// @dev Returns a copy of the string in either lowercase or UPPERCASE.
/// WARNING! This function is only compatible with 7-bit ASCII strings.
function toCase(string memory subject, bool toUpper)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let length := mload(subject)
if length {
result := add(mload(0x40), 0x20)
subject := add(subject, 1)
let flags := shl(add(70, shl(5, toUpper)), 0x3ffffff)
let w := not(0)
for { let o := length } 1 {} {
o := add(o, w)
let b := and(0xff, mload(add(subject, o)))
mstore8(add(result, o), xor(b, and(shr(b, flags), 0x20)))
if iszero(o) { break }
}
result := mload(0x40)
mstore(result, length) // Store the length.
let last := add(add(result, 0x20), length)
mstore(last, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
mstore(0x40, add(last, 0x20)) // Allocate the memory.
}
}
}
/// @dev Returns a string from a small bytes32 string.
/// `s` must be null-terminated, or behavior will be undefined.
function fromSmallString(bytes32 s) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := mload(0x40)
let n := 0
for {} byte(n, s) { n := add(n, 1) } {} // Scan for '\0'.
mstore(result, n)
let o := add(result, 0x20)
mstore(o, s)
mstore(add(o, n), 0)
mstore(0x40, add(result, 0x40))
}
}
/// @dev Returns the small string, with all bytes after the first null byte zeroized.
function normalizeSmallString(bytes32 s) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
for {} byte(result, s) { result := add(result, 1) } {} // Scan for '\0'.
mstore(0x00, s)
mstore(result, 0x00)
result := mload(0x00)
}
}
/// @dev Returns the string as a normalized null-terminated small string.
function toSmallString(string memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := mload(s)
if iszero(lt(result, 33)) {
mstore(0x00, 0xec92f9a3) // `TooBigForSmallString()`.
revert(0x1c, 0x04)
}
result := shl(shl(3, sub(32, result)), mload(add(s, result)))
}
}
/// @dev Returns a lowercased copy of the string.
/// WARNING! This function is only compatible with 7-bit ASCII strings.
function lower(string memory subject) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
result = toCase(subject, false);
}
/// @dev Returns an UPPERCASED copy of the string.
/// WARNING! This function is only compatible with 7-bit ASCII strings.
function upper(string memory subject) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
result = toCase(subject, true);
}
/// @dev Escapes the string to be used within HTML tags.
function escapeHTML(string memory s) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let end := add(s, mload(s))
result := add(mload(0x40), 0x20)
// Store the bytes of the packed offsets and strides into the scratch space.
// `packed = (stride << 5) | offset`. Max offset is 20. Max stride is 6.
mstore(0x1f, 0x900094)
mstore(0x08, 0xc0000000a6ab)
// Store ""&'<>" into the scratch space.
mstore(0x00, shl(64, 0x2671756f743b26616d703b262333393b266c743b2667743b))
for {} iszero(eq(s, end)) {} {
s := add(s, 1)
let c := and(mload(s), 0xff)
// Not in `["\"","'","&","<",">"]`.
if iszero(and(shl(c, 1), 0x500000c400000000)) {
mstore8(result, c)
result := add(result, 1)
continue
}
let t := shr(248, mload(c))
mstore(result, mload(and(t, 0x1f)))
result := add(result, shr(5, t))
}
let last := result
mstore(last, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
result := mload(0x40)
mstore(result, sub(last, add(result, 0x20))) // Store the length.
mstore(0x40, add(last, 0x20)) // Allocate the memory.
}
}
/// @dev Escapes the string to be used within double-quotes in a JSON.
/// If `addDoubleQuotes` is true, the result will be enclosed in double-quotes.
function escapeJSON(string memory s, bool addDoubleQuotes)
internal
pure
returns (string memory result)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let end := add(s, mload(s))
result := add(mload(0x40), 0x20)
if addDoubleQuotes {
mstore8(result, 34)
result := add(1, result)
}
// Store "\\u0000" in scratch space.
// Store "0123456789abcdef" in scratch space.
// Also, store `{0x08:"b", 0x09:"t", 0x0a:"n", 0x0c:"f", 0x0d:"r"}`.
// into the scratch space.
mstore(0x15, 0x5c75303030303031323334353637383961626364656662746e006672)
// Bitmask for detecting `["\"","\\"]`.
let e := or(shl(0x22, 1), shl(0x5c, 1))
for {} iszero(eq(s, end)) {} {
s := add(s, 1)
let c := and(mload(s), 0xff)
if iszero(lt(c, 0x20)) {
if iszero(and(shl(c, 1), e)) {
// Not in `["\"","\\"]`.
mstore8(result, c)
result := add(result, 1)
continue
}
mstore8(result, 0x5c) // "\\".
mstore8(add(result, 1), c)
result := add(result, 2)
continue
}
if iszero(and(shl(c, 1), 0x3700)) {
// Not in `["\b","\t","\n","\f","\d"]`.
mstore8(0x1d, mload(shr(4, c))) // Hex value.
mstore8(0x1e, mload(and(c, 15))) // Hex value.
mstore(result, mload(0x19)) // "\\u00XX".
result := add(result, 6)
continue
}
mstore8(result, 0x5c) // "\\".
mstore8(add(result, 1), mload(add(c, 8)))
result := add(result, 2)
}
if addDoubleQuotes {
mstore8(result, 34)
result := add(1, result)
}
let last := result
mstore(last, 0) // Zeroize the slot after the string.
result := mload(0x40)
mstore(result, sub(last, add(result, 0x20))) // Store the length.
mstore(0x40, add(last, 0x20)) // Allocate the memory.
}
}
/// @dev Escapes the string to be used within double-quotes in a JSON.
function escapeJSON(string memory s) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
result = escapeJSON(s, false);
}
/// @dev Returns whether `a` equals `b`.
function eq(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
result := eq(keccak256(add(a, 0x20), mload(a)), keccak256(add(b, 0x20), mload(b)))
}
}
/// @dev Returns whether `a` equals `b`, where `b` is a null-terminated small string.
function eqs(string memory a, bytes32 b) internal pure returns (bool result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// These should be evaluated on compile time, as far as possible.
let m := not(shl(7, div(not(iszero(b)), 255))) // `0x7f7f ...`.
let x := not(or(m, or(b, add(m, and(b, m)))))
let r := shl(7, iszero(iszero(shr(128, x))))
r := or(r, shl(6, iszero(iszero(shr(64, shr(r, x))))))
r := or(r, shl(5, lt(0xffffffff, shr(r, x))))
r := or(r, shl(4, lt(0xffff, shr(r, x))))
r := or(r, shl(3, lt(0xff, shr(r, x))))
// forgefmt: disable-next-item
result := gt(eq(mload(a), add(iszero(x), xor(31, shr(3, r)))),
xor(shr(add(8, r), b), shr(add(8, r), mload(add(a, 0x20)))))
}
}
/// @dev Packs a single string with its length into a single word.
/// Returns `bytes32(0)` if the length is zero or greater than 31.
function packOne(string memory a) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// We don't need to zero right pad the string,
// since this is our own custom non-standard packing scheme.
result :=
mul(
// Load the length and the bytes.
mload(add(a, 0x1f)),
// `length != 0 && length < 32`. Abuses underflow.
// Assumes that the length is valid and within the block gas limit.
lt(sub(mload(a), 1), 0x1f)
)
}
}
/// @dev Unpacks a string packed using {packOne}.
/// Returns the empty string if `packed` is `bytes32(0)`.
/// If `packed` is not an output of {packOne}, the output behavior is undefined.
function unpackOne(bytes32 packed) internal pure returns (string memory result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// Grab the free memory pointer.
result := mload(0x40)
// Allocate 2 words (1 for the length, 1 for the bytes).
mstore(0x40, add(result, 0x40))
// Zeroize the length slot.
mstore(result, 0)
// Store the length and bytes.
mstore(add(result, 0x1f), packed)
// Right pad with zeroes.
mstore(add(add(result, 0x20), mload(result)), 0)
}
}
/// @dev Packs two strings with their lengths into a single word.
/// Returns `bytes32(0)` if combined length is zero or greater than 30.
function packTwo(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
let aLength := mload(a)
// We don't need to zero right pad the strings,
// since this is our own custom non-standard packing scheme.
result :=
mul(
// Load the length and the bytes of `a` and `b`.
or(
shl(shl(3, sub(0x1f, aLength)), mload(add(a, aLength))),
mload(sub(add(b, 0x1e), aLength))
),
// `totalLength != 0 && totalLength < 31`. Abuses underflow.
// Assumes that the lengths are valid and within the block gas limit.
lt(sub(add(aLength, mload(b)), 1), 0x1e)
)
}
}
/// @dev Unpacks strings packed using {packTwo}.
/// Returns the empty strings if `packed` is `bytes32(0)`.
/// If `packed` is not an output of {packTwo}, the output behavior is undefined.
function unpackTwo(bytes32 packed)
internal
pure
returns (string memory resultA, string memory resultB)
{
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
// Grab the free memory pointer.
resultA := mload(0x40)
resultB := add(resultA, 0x40)
// Allocate 2 words for each string (1 for the length, 1 for the byte). Total 4 words.
mstore(0x40, add(resultB, 0x40))
// Zeroize the length slots.
mstore(resultA, 0)
mstore(resultB, 0)
// Store the lengths and bytes.
mstore(add(resultA, 0x1f), packed)
mstore(add(resultB, 0x1f), mload(add(add(resultA, 0x20), mload(resultA))))
// Right pad with zeroes.
mstore(add(add(resultA, 0x20), mload(resultA)), 0)
mstore(add(add(resultB, 0x20), mload(resultB)), 0)
}
}
/// @dev Directly returns `a` without copying.
function directReturn(string memory a) internal pure {
assembly {
// Assumes that the string does not start from the scratch space.
let retStart := sub(a, 0x20)
let retUnpaddedSize := add(mload(a), 0x40)
// Right pad with zeroes. Just in case the string is produced
// by a method that doesn't zero right pad.
mstore(add(retStart, retUnpaddedSize), 0)
// Store the return offset.
mstore(retStart, 0x20)
// End the transaction, returning the string.
return(retStart, and(not(0x1f), add(0x1f, retUnpaddedSize)))
}
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/**
* @dev These functions deal with verification of Merkle Tree proofs.
*
* The tree and the proofs can be generated using our
* https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/merkle-tree[JavaScript library].
* You will find a quickstart guide in the readme.
*
* WARNING: You should avoid using leaf values that are 64 bytes long prior to
* hashing, or use a hash function other than keccak256 for hashing leaves.
* This is because the concatenation of a sorted pair of internal nodes in
* the Merkle tree could be reinterpreted as a leaf value.
* OpenZeppelin's JavaScript library generates Merkle trees that are safe
* against this attack out of the box.
*/
library MerkleProof {
/**
*@dev The multiproof provided is not valid.
*/
error MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
/**
* @dev Returns true if a `leaf` can be proved to be a part of a Merkle tree
* defined by `root`. For this, a `proof` must be provided, containing
* sibling hashes on the branch from the leaf to the root of the tree. Each
* pair of leaves and each pair of pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
*/
function verify(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
return processProof(proof, leaf) == root;
}
/**
* @dev Calldata version of {verify}
*/
function verifyCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
return processProofCalldata(proof, leaf) == root;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the rebuilt hash obtained by traversing a Merkle tree up
* from `leaf` using `proof`. A `proof` is valid if and only if the rebuilt
* hash matches the root of the tree. When processing the proof, the pairs
* of leafs & pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
*/
function processProof(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
}
return computedHash;
}
/**
* @dev Calldata version of {processProof}
*/
function processProofCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
}
return computedHash;
}
/**
* @dev Returns true if the `leaves` can be simultaneously proven to be a part of a Merkle tree defined by
* `root`, according to `proof` and `proofFlags` as described in {processMultiProof}.
*
* CAUTION: Not all Merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
*/
function multiProofVerify(
bytes32[] memory proof,
bool[] memory proofFlags,
bytes32 root,
bytes32[] memory leaves
) internal pure returns (bool) {
return processMultiProof(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
}
/**
* @dev Calldata version of {multiProofVerify}
*
* CAUTION: Not all Merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
*/
function multiProofVerifyCalldata(
bytes32[] calldata proof,
bool[] calldata proofFlags,
bytes32 root,
bytes32[] memory leaves
) internal pure returns (bool) {
return processMultiProofCalldata(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the root of a tree reconstructed from `leaves` and sibling nodes in `proof`. The reconstruction
* proceeds by incrementally reconstructing all inner nodes by combining a leaf/inner node with either another
* leaf/inner node or a proof sibling node, depending on whether each `proofFlags` item is true or false
* respectively.
*
* CAUTION: Not all Merkle trees admit multiproofs. To use multiproofs, it is sufficient to ensure that: 1) the tree
* is complete (but not necessarily perfect), 2) the leaves to be proven are in the opposite order they are in the
* tree (i.e., as seen from right to left starting at the deepest layer and continuing at the next layer).
*/
function processMultiProof(
bytes32[] memory proof,
bool[] memory proofFlags,
bytes32[] memory leaves
) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
// This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
// consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
// `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
// the Merkle tree.
uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
uint256 proofLen = proof.length;
uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;
// Check proof validity.
if (leavesLen + proofLen != totalHashes + 1) {
revert MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
}
// The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
// `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
uint256 leafPos = 0;
uint256 hashPos = 0;
uint256 proofPos = 0;
// At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
// - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
// get the next hash.
// - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
// `proof` array.
for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
: proof[proofPos++];
hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
}
if (totalHashes > 0) {
if (proofPos != proofLen) {
revert MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
}
unchecked {
return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
}
} else if (leavesLen > 0) {
return leaves[0];
} else {
return proof[0];
}
}
/**
* @dev Calldata version of {processMultiProof}.
*
* CAUTION: Not all Merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
*/
function processMultiProofCalldata(
bytes32[] calldata proof,
bool[] calldata proofFlags,
bytes32[] memory leaves
) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
// This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
// consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
// `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
// the Merkle tree.
uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
uint256 proofLen = proof.length;
uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;
// Check proof validity.
if (leavesLen + proofLen != totalHashes + 1) {
revert MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
}
// The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
// `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
uint256 leafPos = 0;
uint256 hashPos = 0;
uint256 proofPos = 0;
// At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
// - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
// get the next hash.
// - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
// `proof` array.
for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
: proof[proofPos++];
hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
}
if (totalHashes > 0) {
if (proofPos != proofLen) {
revert MerkleProofInvalidMultiproof();
}
unchecked {
return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
}
} else if (leavesLen > 0) {
return leaves[0];
} else {
return proof[0];
}
}
/**
* @dev Sorts the pair (a, b) and hashes the result.
*/
function _hashPair(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32) {
return a < b ? _efficientHash(a, b) : _efficientHash(b, a);
}
/**
* @dev Implementation of keccak256(abi.encode(a, b)) that doesn't allocate or expand memory.
*/
function _efficientHash(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32 value) {
/// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
assembly {
mstore(0x00, a)
mstore(0x20, b)
value := keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
}
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Context} from "../utils/Context.sol";
/**
* @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
* there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
* specific functions.
*
* The initial owner is set to the address provided by the deployer. This can
* later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
*
* This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
* `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
* the owner.
*/
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
address private _owner;
/**
* @dev The caller account is not authorized to perform an operation.
*/
error OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address account);
/**
* @dev The owner is not a valid owner account. (eg. `address(0)`)
*/
error OwnableInvalidOwner(address owner);
event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
/**
* @dev Initializes the contract setting the address provided by the deployer as the initial owner.
*/
constructor(address initialOwner) {
if (initialOwner == address(0)) {
revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
}
_transferOwnership(initialOwner);
}
/**
* @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
*/
modifier onlyOwner() {
_checkOwner();
_;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
*/
function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
return _owner;
}
/**
* @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
*/
function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
if (owner() != _msgSender()) {
revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
}
}
/**
* @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
* `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
*
* NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
* thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
*/
function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
_transferOwnership(address(0));
}
/**
* @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
* Can only be called by the current owner.
*/
function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
if (newOwner == address(0)) {
revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
}
_transferOwnership(newOwner);
}
/**
* @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
* Internal function without access restriction.
*/
function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
address oldOwner = _owner;
_owner = newOwner;
emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
}
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "./utils/Bytecode.sol";
/**
@title A key-value storage with auto-generated keys for storing chunks of data with a lower write & read cost.
@author Agustin Aguilar <aa@horizon.io>
Readme: https://github.com/0xsequence/sstore2#readme
*/
library SSTORE2 {
error WriteError();
/**
@notice Stores `_data` and returns `pointer` as key for later retrieval
@dev The pointer is a contract address with `_data` as code
@param _data to be written
@return pointer Pointer to the written `_data`
*/
function write(bytes memory _data) internal returns (address pointer) {
// Append 00 to _data so contract can't be called
// Build init code
bytes memory code = Bytecode.creationCodeFor(
abi.encodePacked(
hex'00',
_data
)
);
// Deploy contract using create
assembly { pointer := create(0, add(code, 32), mload(code)) }
// Address MUST be non-zero
if (pointer == address(0)) revert WriteError();
}
/**
@notice Reads the contents of the `_pointer` code as data, skips the first byte
@dev The function is intended for reading pointers generated by `write`
@param _pointer to be read
@return data read from `_pointer` contract
*/
function read(address _pointer) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
return Bytecode.codeAt(_pointer, 1, type(uint256).max);
}
/**
@notice Reads the contents of the `_pointer` code as data, skips the first byte
@dev The function is intended for reading pointers generated by `write`
@param _pointer to be read
@param _start number of bytes to skip
@return data read from `_pointer` contract
*/
function read(address _pointer, uint256 _start) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
return Bytecode.codeAt(_pointer, _start + 1, type(uint256).max);
}
/**
@notice Reads the contents of the `_pointer` code as data, skips the first byte
@dev The function is intended for reading pointers generated by `write`
@param _pointer to be read
@param _start number of bytes to skip
@param _end index before which to end extraction
@return data read from `_pointer` contract
*/
function read(address _pointer, uint256 _start, uint256 _end) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
return Bytecode.codeAt(_pointer, _start + 1, _end + 1);
}
}
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// Contract for 1337 Brians on Base
// Writen by SteveRuns.eth
// Based on 1337 Brians by hoanh.eth - 0x5519dc53d698ce6b9eefc71efc454e4b269307b9
// Original gas optimizations by 0xth0mas.eth
//
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import "@0xsequence/sstore2/contracts/SSTORE2.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol";
import "solady/src/utils/LibString.sol";
import "solady/src/utils/Base64.sol";
import {ERC721A, IERC721A} from "erc721a/contracts/ERC721A.sol";
import {ERC721AQueryable} from "erc721a/contracts/extensions/ERC721AQueryable.sol";
import {Ownable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
struct Trait {
address image;
string name;
}
struct Payload {
string name;
bytes image;
bool blocker;
}
struct TechnoGent {
uint256 gender;
uint256 background;
uint256 skin;
uint256 eyes;
uint256 nose;
uint256 clothing;
uint256 face;
uint256 head;
uint256 eyeAccessory;
uint256 special;
uint256 effect;
}
contract TechnoGentry is ERC721A, ERC721AQueryable, Ownable {
uint256 public immutable supply;
constructor(string memory name, string memory symbol, uint256 totalSupply, address initialOwner)
ERC721A(name, symbol)
Ownable(initialOwner)
{
supply = totalSupply;
}
uint8 constant GENTLEMAN = 0;
uint8 constant LADY = 1;
uint256 constant GENTLEMAN_PROBABILITY = 65;
uint256 constant LADY_PROBABILITY = 35;
string[] public types = ["gentleman", "lady"];
string[] public effects = ["sepia", "monochrome", "faded"];
uint16[] public effectRarities = [4500, 2000, 3500];
uint256 public constant maxPerTxn = 10;
uint256 public tokenPrice = 0.00099 ether;
bool public isOpen = false;
bytes32 private _merkleRoot;
address private _texture;
mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _traitCounts;
mapping(uint256 => mapping(uint256 => Trait)) private _traits;
uint16[][13] private _traitRarities;
mapping(uint256 => mapping(uint256 => bool)) public blockers;
mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _combo;
mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _registry;
mapping(uint256 => string) private _dnaRegistry;
mapping(address => bool) private _minted;
error MintClose();
error MintOut();
error InvalidToken();
error NotOnAllowlist();
error MaxMintPerAddress();
error MaxMintPerTxn();
error NotEnoughEth();
/**
* @notice Store
* @param textureData The binary data of the texture image
*/
function storeTexture(bytes calldata textureData) external onlyOwner {
_texture = SSTORE2.write(textureData);
}
/**
* @notice Set minting status
*/
function setMintStatus(bool state) external onlyOwner {
isOpen = state;
}
/**
* @notice Set token price
* @param _newPrice The new token price in wei
*/
function setTokenPrice(uint256 _newPrice) external onlyOwner {
tokenPrice = _newPrice;
}
/**
* @notice Check if an address is on allowlist
*/
function checkAllowlist(
address addr,
bytes32[] calldata merkleProof
) public view returns (bool) {
return
MerkleProof.verifyCalldata(
merkleProof,
_merkleRoot,
keccak256(abi.encodePacked(addr))
);
}
/**
* @notice Set the "free" allowlist merkle root
*/
function setMerkleRoot(bytes32 newMerkleRoot) external onlyOwner {
_merkleRoot = newMerkleRoot;
}
/**
* @notice Allowlist Free mint
*/
function allowlistMint(bytes32[] calldata merkleProof) public {
if (!checkAllowlist(msg.sender, merkleProof)) revert NotOnAllowlist();
if (_minted[msg.sender]) revert MaxMintPerAddress();
// Mark the address as minted
_minted[msg.sender] = true;
_internalMint(1, msg.sender);
}
/**
* @notice Owner mint
*/
function ownerMint(uint256 amount) public onlyOwner {
_internalMint(amount, msg.sender);
}
/**
* @notice Airdrop to an address
*/
function airdrop(uint256 amount, address to) public onlyOwner {
_internalMint(amount, to);
}
function paidMint(uint256 quantity) external payable {
if (quantity > maxPerTxn) revert MaxMintPerTxn();
if (msg.value < tokenPrice * quantity) revert NotEnoughEth();
_internalMint(quantity, msg.sender);
}
/**
* @notice grabs the SVG for a given token ID
*/
function getSVG(
uint256 tokenID
)
public
view
virtual
returns (string memory metadata)
{
if (!_exists(tokenID)) revert InvalidToken();
TechnoGent memory technoGent = _getTraits(tokenID);
return string(abi.encodePacked("data:application/svg,", _getTraitImage(technoGent)));
}
/**
* @notice Build metadata and assemble the corresponding token info
*/
function tokenURI(
uint256 tokenID
)
public
view
virtual
override(ERC721A, IERC721A)
returns (string memory metadata)
{
if (!_exists(tokenID)) revert InvalidToken();
TechnoGent memory technoGent = _getTraits(tokenID);
bytes memory json = abi.encodePacked(
'{"name": "',
_capitalizeFirstLetter(types[technoGent.gender]),
' #',
LibString.toString(tokenID),
'", "description":"',
"The Techno Gentry are an elitist, Victorian era inspired faction from Mega City. Each Techno Gentry is unique, onchain and generated from a combination of traits.",
'","image":"data:image/svg+xml;base64,',
_getTraitImage(technoGent),
'",',
'"attributes": [',
_getTraitAttributes(technoGent),
"]}"
);
return string(abi.encodePacked("data:application/json,", json));
}
function _capitalizeFirstLetter(string memory str) internal pure returns (string memory) {
bytes memory strBytes = bytes(str);
if (strBytes.length == 0) return str;
bytes memory result = new bytes(strBytes.length);
result[0] = bytes1(uint8(strBytes[0]) & 223);
for(uint i = 1; i < strBytes.length; i++) {
result[i] = strBytes[i];
}
return string(result);
}
/**
* @notice Add traits
*/
function addTraits(
uint8 layer,
Payload[] calldata payload,
uint16[] calldata traitRarities
) public onlyOwner {
if (payload.length != traitRarities.length) revert();
uint256 traitIndex = _traitCounts[layer];
unchecked {
_traitCounts[layer] += payload.length;
}
for (uint256 i; i < payload.length; ) {
Trait storage trait = _traits[layer][traitIndex];
trait.image = SSTORE2.write(payload[i].image);
trait.name = payload[i].name;
_traitRarities[layer].push(traitRarities[i]);
// Handle blockers
if (payload[i].blocker) {
blockers[layer][traitIndex] = true;
}
unchecked {
++i;
++traitIndex;
}
}
}
/**
* @notice Helper mint function
*/
function _internalMint(uint256 amount, address to) private {
if (!isOpen) revert MintClose();
uint256 minted = _totalMinted();
unchecked {
if ((minted + amount) > supply) revert MintOut();
}
_setTraitsCombination(minted, amount);
_safeMint(to, amount, "");
}
/**
* @notice Get trait image
*/
function _getTraitImage(
TechnoGent memory technoGent
) internal view returns (string memory image) {
return Base64.encode(
abi.encodePacked(
'<svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 1280 1280" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="effects ',
effects[technoGent.effect],
'">',
'<foreignObject width="100%" height="100%">',
'<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="texture"></div>',
'<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="container"></div>',
'<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="vignette"></div>',
'</foreignObject>',
"<style>svg{image-rendering:-webkit-optimize-contrast;-ms-interpolation-mode:nearest-neighbor;image-rendering:-moz-crisp-edges;image-rendering:pixelated;}",
".container{width:1280px;height:1280px;background-color:transparent;background-image:",
_getImageData(_traits[12][technoGent.special].image),
",",
_getImageData(_traits[11][technoGent.eyeAccessory].image),
",",
_getImageData(_traits[technoGent.gender == GENTLEMAN ? 9 : 10][technoGent.head].image),
",",
_getImageData(_traits[technoGent.gender == GENTLEMAN ? 7 : 8][technoGent.face].image),
",",
_getImageData(_traits[technoGent.gender == GENTLEMAN ? 5 : 6][technoGent.clothing].image),
",",
_getImageData(_traits[4][technoGent.nose].image),
",",
_getImageData(_traits[3][technoGent.eyes].image),
",",
_getImageData(_traits[technoGent.gender == GENTLEMAN ? 1 : 2][technoGent.skin].image),
",",
_getImageData(_traits[0][technoGent.background].image),
";background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;background-position:center;}",
".effects .texture {width:100%;height:100%;position:fixed;overflow:hidden;opacity: 0.15;background-size: 320px 320px;background-image:",
_getImageData(_texture),
"}",
".effects .texture::before {content:'';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background-size:192px 192px;opacity:0.5;mix-blend-mode:multiply;background-image:",
_getImageData(_texture),
"}",
".effects .texture::after {content:'';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background-size:240px 240px;opacity:1;mix-blend-mode:overlay;background-image:",
_getImageData(_texture),
"}",
".effects .vignette::after {content:'';position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:radial-gradient(circle,transparent 20%,rgba(0,0,0,0.2) 50%,rgba(0,0,0,0.6) 80%,rgba(0,0,0,0.8) 100%)}",
".effects.faded {filter: sepia(40%);}",
".effects.monochrome {filter: grayscale(100%);}",
".effects.sepia {filter: sepia(100%);}",
"</style></svg>"
)
);
}
/**
* @notice Get image at address
*/
function _getImageData(
address image
) private view returns (string memory) {
return
string(
abi.encodePacked(
"url(data:image/png;base64,",
Base64.encode(SSTORE2.read(image)),
")"
)
);
}
/**
* @notice Get trait attributes
*/
function _getTraitAttributes(
TechnoGent memory technoGent
) internal view returns (string memory trait) {
return string.concat(
_getTraitMetadata("gender", types[technoGent.gender], false),
_getTraitMetadata("background", _traits[0][technoGent.background].name, true),
_getTraitMetadata("skin", _traits[technoGent.gender == GENTLEMAN ? 1 : 2][technoGent.skin].name,true),
_getTraitMetadata("eyes", _traits[3][technoGent.eyes].name, true),
_getTraitMetadata("nose", _traits[4][technoGent.nose].name, true),
_getTraitMetadata("clothing", _traits[technoGent.gender == GENTLEMAN ? 5 : 6][technoGent.clothing].name,true),
_getTraitMetadata("face", _traits[technoGent.gender == GENTLEMAN ? 7 : 8][technoGent.face].name,true),
_getTraitMetadata("head", _traits[technoGent.gender == GENTLEMAN ? 9 : 10][technoGent.head].name,true),
_getTraitMetadata("eye accessory", _traits[11][technoGent.eyeAccessory].name,true),
_getTraitMetadata("special", _traits[12][technoGent.special].name,true),
_getTraitMetadata("effect", effects[technoGent.effect],true)
);
}
/**
* @notice Get trait metadata
*/
function _getTraitMetadata(
string memory key,
string memory value,
bool withComma
) internal pure returns (string memory trait) {
if (
keccak256(abi.encodePacked(value)) ==
keccak256(abi.encodePacked("none"))
) {
return "";
}
if (withComma) {
return
string.concat(
',{"trait_type":"',
key,
'","value": "',
value,
'"}'
);
}
return
string.concat('{"trait_type":"', key, '","value": "', value, '"}');
}
/**
* @notice Get a unique DNA for a given token ID
*/
function _setTraitsCombination(uint256 tokenID, uint256 amount) private {
uint256 seed = uint256(
keccak256(
abi.encodePacked(block.prevrandao, tokenID, address(this))
)
);
uint256 current = tokenID;
uint16[][13] memory rarities = _traitRarities; // Store all rarities in a single memory array
while (true) {
// Determine if the token is Gentleman or Lady based on the seed
uint8 selectedType = _getRandomType(seed);
uint8 clothingLayer = (selectedType == GENTLEMAN) ? 5 : 6;
uint8[] memory traits = new uint8[](11);
traits[0] = _getRandomTraitIndex(rarities[0], seed); // background
traits[1] = _getRandomTraitIndex(rarities[selectedType == GENTLEMAN ? 1 : 2], seed >> 16); // skin
traits[2] = _getRandomTraitIndex(rarities[3], seed >> 32); // eyes
traits[3] = _getRandomTraitIndex(rarities[4], seed >> 48); // nose
traits[4] = _getRandomTraitIndex(rarities[clothingLayer], seed >> 64); // clothing
traits[5] = _getRandomTraitIndex(rarities[selectedType == GENTLEMAN ? 7 : 8], seed >> 80); // face
if(blockers[clothingLayer][traits[4]]) {
traits[6] = 0; // None head (for blockers)
} else {
traits[6] = _getRandomTraitIndex(rarities[selectedType == GENTLEMAN ? 9 : 10], seed >> 96); // head
}
traits[7] = _getRandomTraitIndex(rarities[11], seed >> 112); // eye accessory
traits[8] = _getRandomTraitIndex(rarities[12], seed >> 128); // special
traits[9] = _getRandomTraitIndex(effectRarities, seed >> 144); // effect
traits[10] = selectedType; // gender
string memory dna = "";
for (uint8 i = 0; i < traits.length; i++) {
dna = string(abi.encodePacked(dna, _uintToString(traits[i], 2)));
}
uint256 dnaHash = uint256(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(dna)));
if (_combo[dnaHash] == 0) {
_combo[dnaHash] = 1;
_storeTraits(current, traits);
unchecked {
++current;
if (current > (tokenID + amount)) break;
}
}
seed = uint256(keccak256(abi.encode(seed)));
}
}
function _getRandomType(uint256 seed) private pure returns (uint8) {
uint256 randomValue = seed % 100;
return randomValue < GENTLEMAN_PROBABILITY ? GENTLEMAN : LADY;
}
/**
* @notice Get random trait index based on seed
* Inspired by Anonymice (0xbad6186e92002e312078b5a1dafd5ddf63d3f731)
*/
function _getRandomTraitIndex(
uint16[] memory rarities,
uint256 seed
) private pure returns (uint8 index) {
uint256 rand = seed % 10000;
uint256 lowerBound;
uint256 upperBound;
uint256 percentage;
for (uint8 i; i < rarities.length; ) {
percentage = rarities[i];
upperBound = lowerBound + percentage;
if (rand >= lowerBound && rand < upperBound) {
return i;
}
unchecked {
lowerBound = upperBound;
++i;
}
}
revert("Random trait index not found");
}
/**
* @notice Store traits for a given token ID
*/
function _storeTraits(uint256 tokenId, uint8[] memory traits) internal {
require(traits.length == 11, "Invalid number of traits");
string memory dna = "";
for (uint256 i = 0; i < traits.length; i++) {
dna = string(abi.encodePacked(dna, _uintToString(traits[i], 2)));
}
_dnaRegistry[tokenId] = dna;
}
/**
* @notice Get traits for a given token ID
*/
function _getTraits(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (TechnoGent memory technoGent) {
string memory dna = _dnaRegistry[tokenId];
require(bytes(dna).length == 22, "Invalid DNA string length");
technoGent.background = _stringToUint8(_substring(dna, 0, 2));
technoGent.skin = _stringToUint8(_substring(dna, 2, 4));
technoGent.eyes = _stringToUint8(_substring(dna, 4, 6));
technoGent.nose = _stringToUint8(_substring(dna, 6, 8));
technoGent.clothing = _stringToUint8(_substring(dna, 8, 10));
technoGent.face = _stringToUint8(_substring(dna, 10, 12));
technoGent.head = _stringToUint8(_substring(dna, 12, 14));
technoGent.eyeAccessory = _stringToUint8(_substring(dna, 14, 16));
technoGent.special = _stringToUint8(_substring(dna, 16, 18));
technoGent.effect = _stringToUint8(_substring(dna, 18, 20));
technoGent.gender = _stringToUint8(_substring(dna, 20, 22));
return technoGent;
}
/**
* @notice Convert uint8 to string with fixed length
*/
function _uintToString(uint8 value, uint256 minLength) internal pure returns (string memory) {
bytes memory buffer = new bytes(minLength);
for (uint256 i = minLength; i > 0; --i) {
buffer[i - 1] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint8(value % 10)));
value /= 10;
}
require(value == 0, "Value exceeds fixed length");
return string(buffer);
}
/**
* @notice Extract substring from string
*/
function _substring(string memory str, uint256 startIndex, uint256 endIndex) internal pure returns (string memory) {
bytes memory strBytes = bytes(str);
bytes memory result = new bytes(endIndex - startIndex);
for (uint256 i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
result[i - startIndex] = strBytes[i];
}
return string(result);
}
/**
* @notice Convert string to uint8
*/
function _stringToUint8(string memory str) internal pure returns (uint8) {
bytes memory strBytes = bytes(str);
uint8 value = 0;
for (uint256 i = 0; i < strBytes.length; i++) {
value = value * 10 + (uint8(strBytes[i]) - 48);
}
return value;
}
}
{
"compilationTarget": {
"contracts/TechnoGentry.sol": "TechnoGentry"
},
"evmVersion": "paris",
"libraries": {},
"metadata": {
"bytecodeHash": "ipfs"
},
"optimizer": {
"enabled": true,
"runs": 1337
},
"remappings": [],
"viaIR": true
}[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"name","type":"string"},{"internalType":"string","name":"symbol","type":"string"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"totalSupply","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"address","name":"initialOwner","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"inputs":[],"name":"ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"BalanceQueryForZeroAddress","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"_size","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"_start","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"_end","type":"uint256"}],"name":"InvalidCodeAtRange","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"InvalidQueryRange","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"InvalidToken","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MaxMintPerAddress","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MaxMintPerTxn","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MintClose","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MintERC2309QuantityExceedsLimit","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MintOut","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MintToZeroAddress","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MintZeroQuantity","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"NotCompatibleWithSpotMints","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"NotEnoughEth","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"NotOnAllowlist","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"}],"name":"OwnableInvalidOwner","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"account","type":"address"}],"name":"OwnableUnauthorizedAccount","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"OwnershipNotInitializedForExtraData","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"SequentialMintExceedsLimit","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"SequentialUpToTooSmall","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"SpotMintTokenIdTooSmall","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"TokenAlreadyExists","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"TransferFromIncorrectOwner","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"TransferToZeroAddress","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"URIQueryForNonexistentToken","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"WriteError","type":"error"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"approved","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"tokenId","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Approval","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"operator","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bool","name":"approved","type":"bool"}],"name":"ApprovalForAll","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"fromTokenId","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"toTokenId","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"from","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"}],"name":"ConsecutiveTransfer","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"previousOwner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"newOwner","type":"address"}],"name":"OwnershipTransferred","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"from","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"tokenId","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Transfer","type":"event"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint8","name":"layer","type":"uint8"},{"components":[{"internalType":"string","name":"name","type":"string"},{"internalType":"bytes","name":"image","type":"bytes"},{"internalType":"bool","name":"blocker","type":"bool"}],"internalType":"struct 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