// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Note that the caller is responsible to confirm that the recipient is capable of receiving ERC721
     * or else they may be permanently lost. Usage of {safeTransferFrom} prevents loss, though the caller must
     * understand this adds an external call which potentially creates a reentrancy vulnerability.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Enumerable is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
     * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
     * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

/// @title library that represents a number in BigNumber(coefficient and exponent) format to store in smaller bits.
/// @notice the number is divided into two parts: a coefficient and an exponent. This comes at a cost of losing some precision
/// at the end of the number because the exponent simply fills it with zeroes. This precision is oftentimes negligible and can
/// result in significant gas cost reduction due to storage space reduction.
/// Also note, a valid big number is as follows: if the exponent is > 0, then coefficient last bits should be occupied to have max precision.
/// @dev roundUp is more like a increase 1, which happens everytime for the same number.
/// roundDown simply sets trailing digits after coefficientSize to zero (floor), only once for the same number.
library BigMathMinified {
    /// @dev constants to use for `roundUp` input param to increase readability
    bool internal constant ROUND_DOWN = false;
    bool internal constant ROUND_UP = true;

    /// @dev converts `normal` number to BigNumber with `exponent` and `coefficient` (or precision).
    /// e.g.:
    /// 5035703444687813576399599 (normal) = (coefficient[32bits], exponent[8bits])[40bits]
    /// 5035703444687813576399599 (decimal) => 10000101010010110100000011111011110010100110100000000011100101001101001101011101111 (binary)
    ///                                     => 10000101010010110100000011111011000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
    ///                                                                        ^-------------------- 51(exponent) -------------- ^
    /// coefficient = 1000,0101,0100,1011,0100,0000,1111,1011               (2236301563)
    /// exponent =                                            0011,0011     (51)
    /// bigNumber =   1000,0101,0100,1011,0100,0000,1111,1011,0011,0011     (572493200179)
    ///
    /// @param normal number which needs to be converted into Big Number
    /// @param coefficientSize at max how many bits of precision there should be (64 = uint64 (64 bits precision))
    /// @param exponentSize at max how many bits of exponent there should be (8 = uint8 (8 bits exponent))
    /// @param roundUp signals if result should be rounded down or up
    /// @return bigNumber converted bigNumber (coefficient << exponent)
    function toBigNumber(
        uint256 normal,
        uint256 coefficientSize,
        uint256 exponentSize,
        bool roundUp
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 bigNumber) {
        assembly {
            let lastBit_
            let number_ := normal
            if gt(number_, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) {
                number_ := shr(0x80, number_)
                lastBit_ := 0x80
            }
            if gt(number_, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) {
                number_ := shr(0x40, number_)
                lastBit_ := add(lastBit_, 0x40)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0xFFFFFFFF) {
                number_ := shr(0x20, number_)
                lastBit_ := add(lastBit_, 0x20)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0xFFFF) {
                number_ := shr(0x10, number_)
                lastBit_ := add(lastBit_, 0x10)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0xFF) {
                number_ := shr(0x8, number_)
                lastBit_ := add(lastBit_, 0x8)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0xF) {
                number_ := shr(0x4, number_)
                lastBit_ := add(lastBit_, 0x4)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0x3) {
                number_ := shr(0x2, number_)
                lastBit_ := add(lastBit_, 0x2)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0x1) {
                lastBit_ := add(lastBit_, 1)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0) {
                lastBit_ := add(lastBit_, 1)
            }
            if lt(lastBit_, coefficientSize) {
                // for throw exception
                lastBit_ := coefficientSize
            }
            let exponent := sub(lastBit_, coefficientSize)
            let coefficient := shr(exponent, normal)
            if and(roundUp, gt(exponent, 0)) {
                // rounding up is only needed if exponent is > 0, as otherwise the coefficient fully holds the original number
                coefficient := add(coefficient, 1)
                if eq(shl(coefficientSize, 1), coefficient) {
                    // case were coefficient was e.g. 111, with adding 1 it became 1000 (in binary) and coefficientSize 3 bits
                    // final coefficient would exceed it's size. -> reduce coefficent to 100 and increase exponent by 1.
                    coefficient := shl(sub(coefficientSize, 1), 1)
                    exponent := add(exponent, 1)
                }
            }
            if iszero(lt(exponent, shl(exponentSize, 1))) {
                // if exponent is >= exponentSize, the normal number is too big to fit within
                // BigNumber with too small sizes for coefficient and exponent
                revert(0, 0)
            }
            bigNumber := shl(exponentSize, coefficient)
            bigNumber := add(bigNumber, exponent)
        }
    }

    /// @dev get `normal` number from `bigNumber`, `exponentSize` and `exponentMask`
    function fromBigNumber(
        uint256 bigNumber,
        uint256 exponentSize,
        uint256 exponentMask
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 normal) {
        assembly {
            let coefficient := shr(exponentSize, bigNumber)
            let exponent := and(bigNumber, exponentMask)
            normal := shl(exponent, coefficient)
        }
    }

    /// @dev gets the most significant bit `lastBit` of a `normal` number (length of given number of binary format).
    /// e.g.
    /// 5035703444687813576399599 = 10000101010010110100000011111011110010100110100000000011100101001101001101011101111
    /// lastBit =                   ^---------------------------------   83   ----------------------------------------^
    function mostSignificantBit(uint256 normal) internal pure returns (uint lastBit) {
        assembly {
            let number_ := normal
            if gt(normal, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) {
                number_ := shr(0x80, number_)
                lastBit := 0x80
            }
            if gt(number_, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) {
                number_ := shr(0x40, number_)
                lastBit := add(lastBit, 0x40)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0xFFFFFFFF) {
                number_ := shr(0x20, number_)
                lastBit := add(lastBit, 0x20)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0xFFFF) {
                number_ := shr(0x10, number_)
                lastBit := add(lastBit, 0x10)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0xFF) {
                number_ := shr(0x8, number_)
                lastBit := add(lastBit, 0x8)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0xF) {
                number_ := shr(0x4, number_)
                lastBit := add(lastBit, 0x4)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0x3) {
                number_ := shr(0x2, number_)
                lastBit := add(lastBit, 0x2)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0x1) {
                lastBit := add(lastBit, 1)
            }
            if gt(number_, 0) {
                lastBit := add(lastBit, 1)
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

import { BigMathMinified } from "./bigMathMinified.sol";

/// @title Extended version of BigMathMinified. Implements functions for normal operators (*, /, etc) modified to interact with big numbers.
/// @notice this is an optimized version mainly created by taking Fluid vault's codebase into consideration so it's use is limited for other cases.
// 
// @dev IMPORTANT: for any change here, make sure to uncomment and run the fuzz tests in bigMathVault.t.sol
library BigMathVault {
    uint private constant COEFFICIENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR = 35;
    uint private constant EXPONENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR = 15;
    uint private constant COEFFICIENT_MAX_DEBT_FACTOR = (1 << COEFFICIENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR) - 1;
    uint private constant EXPONENT_MAX_DEBT_FACTOR = (1 << EXPONENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR) - 1;
    uint private constant DECIMALS_DEBT_FACTOR = 16384;
    uint internal constant MAX_MASK_DEBT_FACTOR = (1 << (COEFFICIENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR + EXPONENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR)) - 1;

    // Having precision as 2**64 on vault
    uint internal constant PRECISION = 64;
    uint internal constant TWO_POWER_64 = 1 << PRECISION;
    // Max bit for 35 bits * 35 bits number will be 70
    // why do we use 69 then here instead of 70
    uint internal constant TWO_POWER_69_MINUS_1 = (1 << 69) - 1;

    uint private constant COEFFICIENT_PLUS_PRECISION = COEFFICIENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR + PRECISION; // 99
    uint private constant COEFFICIENT_PLUS_PRECISION_MINUS_1 = COEFFICIENT_PLUS_PRECISION - 1; // 98
    uint private constant TWO_POWER_COEFFICIENT_PLUS_PRECISION_MINUS_1 = (1 << COEFFICIENT_PLUS_PRECISION_MINUS_1) - 1; // (1 << 98) - 1;
    uint private constant TWO_POWER_COEFFICIENT_PLUS_PRECISION_MINUS_1_MINUS_1 =
        (1 << (COEFFICIENT_PLUS_PRECISION_MINUS_1 - 1)) - 1; // (1 << 97) - 1;

    /// @dev multiplies a `normal` number with a `bigNumber1` and then divides by `bigNumber2`.
    /// @dev For vault's use case MUST always:
    ///      - bigNumbers have exponent size 15 bits
    ///      - bigNumbers have coefficient size 35 bits and have 35th bit always 1 (when exponent > 0 BigMath numbers have max precision)
    ///        so coefficients must always be in range 17179869184 <= coefficient <= 34359738367.
    ///      - bigNumber1 (debt factor) always have exponent >= 1 & <= 16384
    ///      - bigNumber2 (connection factor) always have exponent >= 1 & <= 32767 (15 bits)
    ///      - bigNumber2 always >= bigNumber1 (connection factor can never be < base branch debt factor)
    ///      - as a result of previous points, numbers must never be 0
    ///      - normal is positionRawDebt and is always within 10000 and type(int128).max
    /// @return normal * bigNumber1 / bigNumber2
    function mulDivNormal(uint256 normal, uint256 bigNumber1, uint256 bigNumber2) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // exponent2_ - exponent1_
            uint netExponent_ = (bigNumber2 & EXPONENT_MAX_DEBT_FACTOR) - (bigNumber1 & EXPONENT_MAX_DEBT_FACTOR);
            if (netExponent_ < 129) {
                // (normal * coefficient1_) / (coefficient2_ << netExponent_);
                return ((normal * (bigNumber1 >> EXPONENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR)) /
                    ((bigNumber2 >> EXPONENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR) << netExponent_));
            }
            // else:
            // biggest possible nominator: type(int128).max * 35bits max      =  5846006549323611672814739330865132078589370433536
            // smallest possible denominator: 17179869184 << 129 (= 1 << 163) = 11692013098647223345629478661730264157247460343808
            // -> can only ever be 0
            return 0;
        }
    }

    /// @dev multiplies a `bigNumber` with normal `number1` and then divides by `TWO_POWER_64`.
    /// @dev For vault's use case (calculating new branch debt factor after liquidation):
    ///      - number1 is debtFactor, intialized as TWO_POWER_64 and reduced from there, hence it's always <= TWO_POWER_64 and always > 0.
    ///      - bigNumber is branch debt factor, which starts as ((X35 << 15) | (1 << 14)) and reduces from there.
    ///      - bigNumber must have have exponent size 15 bits and be >= 1 & <= 16384
    ///      - bigNumber must have coefficient size 35 bits and have 35th bit always 1 (when exponent > 0 BigMath numbers have max precision)
    ///        so coefficients must always be in range 17179869184 <= coefficient <= 34359738367.
    /// @param bigNumber Coefficient | Exponent.
    /// @param number1 normal number.
    /// @return result bigNumber * number1 / TWO_POWER_64.
    function mulDivBigNumber(uint256 bigNumber, uint256 number1) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        // using unchecked as we are only at 1 place in Vault and it won't overflow there.
        unchecked {
            uint256 _resultNumerator = (bigNumber >> EXPONENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR) * number1; // bigNumber coefficient * normal number
            // 99% chances are that most sig bit should be 64 + 35 - 1 or 64 + 35 - 2
            // diff = mostSigBit. Can only ever be >= 35 and <= 98
            uint256 diff = (_resultNumerator > TWO_POWER_COEFFICIENT_PLUS_PRECISION_MINUS_1)
                ? COEFFICIENT_PLUS_PRECISION
                : (_resultNumerator > TWO_POWER_COEFFICIENT_PLUS_PRECISION_MINUS_1_MINUS_1)
                    ? COEFFICIENT_PLUS_PRECISION_MINUS_1
                    : BigMathMinified.mostSignificantBit(_resultNumerator);

            // diff = difference in bits to make the _resultNumerator 35 bits again
            diff = diff - COEFFICIENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR;
            _resultNumerator = _resultNumerator >> diff;
            // starting exponent is 16384, so exponent should never get 0 here
            result = (bigNumber & EXPONENT_MAX_DEBT_FACTOR) + diff;
            if (result > PRECISION) {
                result = (_resultNumerator << EXPONENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR) + result - PRECISION; // divides by TWO_POWER_64 by reducing exponent by 64
            } else {
                // if number1 is small, e.g. 1e4 and bigNumber is also small e.g. coefficient = 17179869184 & exponent is at 50
                // then: resultNumerator = 171798691840000, diff most significant bit = 48, ending up with diff = 13
                // for exponent in result we end up doing: 50 + 13 - 64 -> underflowing exponent.
                // this should never happen anyway, but if it does better to revert than to continue with unknown effects.
                revert(); // debt factor should never become a BigNumber with exponent <= 0
            }
        }
    }

    /// @dev multiplies a `bigNumber1` with another `bigNumber2`.
    /// @dev For vault's use case (calculating connection factor of merged branches userTickDebtFactor * connectionDebtFactor *... connectionDebtFactor):
    ///      - bigNumbers must have have exponent size 15 bits and be >= 1 & <= 32767
    ///      - bigNumber must have coefficient size 35 bits and have 35th bit always 1 (when exponent > 0 BigMath numbers have max precision)
    ///        so coefficients must always be in range 17179869184 <= coefficient <= 34359738367.
    /// @dev sum of exponents from `bigNumber1` `bigNumber2` should be > 16384.
    /// e.g. res = bigNumber1 * bigNumber2 = [(coe1, exp1) * (coe2, exp2)] >> decimal
    ///          = (coe1*coe2>>overflow, exp1+exp2+overflow-decimal)
    /// @param bigNumber1          BigNumber format with coefficient and exponent.
    /// @param bigNumber2          BigNumber format with coefficient and exponent.
    /// @return                    BigNumber format with coefficient and exponent
    function mulBigNumber(uint256 bigNumber1, uint256 bigNumber2) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // coefficient1_ * coefficient2_
            uint resCoefficient_ = (bigNumber1 >> EXPONENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR) *
                (bigNumber2 >> EXPONENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR);
            // res coefficient at min can be 17179869184 * 17179869184 =  295147905179352825856 (= 1 << 68; 69th bit as 1)
            // res coefficient at max can be 34359738367 * 34359738367 = 1180591620648691826689 (X35 * X35 fits in 70 bits)
            uint overflowLen_ = resCoefficient_ > TWO_POWER_69_MINUS_1
                ? COEFFICIENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR
                : COEFFICIENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR - 1;
            // overflowLen_ is either 34 or 35
            resCoefficient_ = resCoefficient_ >> overflowLen_;

            // bigNumber2 is connection factor
            // exponent1_ + exponent2_ + overflowLen_ - decimals
            uint resExponent_ = ((bigNumber1 & EXPONENT_MAX_DEBT_FACTOR) +
                (bigNumber2 & EXPONENT_MAX_DEBT_FACTOR) +
                overflowLen_);
            if (resExponent_ < DECIMALS_DEBT_FACTOR) {
                // for this ever to happen, the debt factors used to calculate connection factors would have to be at extremely
                // unrealistic values. Like e.g.
                // branch3 (debt factor X35 << 15 | 16383) got merged into branch2 (debt factor X35 << 15 | 8190)
                // -> connection factor (divBigNumber): ((coe1<<precision_)/coe2>>overflowLen, exp1+decimal+overflowLen-exp2-precision_) so:
                // coefficient: (X35<<64)/X35 >> 30 = 17179869184
                // exponent: 8190+16384+30-16383-64 = 8157.
                // result: 17179869184 << 15 | 8157
                // and then branch2 into branch1 (debt factor X35 << 15 | 22). -> connection factor:
                // coefficient: (X35<<64)/X35 >> 30 = 17179869184
                // exponent: 22+16384+30-8190-64 = 8182.
                // result: 17179869184 << 15 | 8182
                // connection factors sum up (mulBigNumber): (coe1*coe2>>overflow, exp1+exp2+overflow-decimal)
                // exponent: 8182+8157+35-16384=16374-16384=-10. underflow.
                // this should never happen anyway, but if it does better to revert than to continue with unknown effects.
                revert();
            }
            resExponent_ = resExponent_ - DECIMALS_DEBT_FACTOR;

            if (resExponent_ > EXPONENT_MAX_DEBT_FACTOR) {
                // if resExponent_ is not within limits that means user's got ~100% (something like 99.999999999999...)
                // this situation will probably never happen and this basically means user's position is ~100% liquidated
                return MAX_MASK_DEBT_FACTOR;
            }

            return ((resCoefficient_ << EXPONENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR) | resExponent_);
        }
    }

    /// @dev divides a `bigNumber1` by `bigNumber2`.
    /// @dev For vault's use case (calculating connectionFactor_ = baseBranchDebtFactor / currentBranchDebtFactor) bigNumbers MUST always:
    ///      - have exponent size 15 bits and be >= 1 & <= 16384
    ///      - have coefficient size 35 bits and have 35th bit always 1 (when exponent > 0 BigMath numbers have max precision)
    ///        so coefficients must always be in range 17179869184 <= coefficient <= 34359738367.
    ///      - as a result of previous points, numbers must never be 0
    /// e.g. res = bigNumber1 / bigNumber2 = [(coe1, exp1) / (coe2, exp2)] << decimal
    ///          = ((coe1<<precision_)/coe2, exp1+decimal-exp2-precision_)
    /// @param bigNumber1          BigNumber format with coefficient and exponent
    /// @param bigNumber2          BigNumber format with coefficient and exponent
    /// @return                    BigNumber format with coefficient and exponent
    /// Returned connection factor can only ever be >= baseBranchDebtFactor (c = x*100/y with both x,y > 0 & x,y <= 100: c can only ever be >= x)
    function divBigNumber(uint256 bigNumber1, uint256 bigNumber2) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // (coefficient1_ << PRECISION) / coefficient2_
            uint256 resCoefficient_ = ((bigNumber1 >> EXPONENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR) << PRECISION) /
                (bigNumber2 >> EXPONENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR);
            // nominator at min 17179869184 << 64 = 316912650057057350374175801344. at max 34359738367 << 64 = 633825300095667956674642051072.
            // so min value resCoefficient_ 9223372037123211264 (64 bits) vs max 36893488146345361408 (fits in 65 bits)

            // mostSigBit will be PRECISION + 1 or PRECISION
            uint256 overflowLen_ = ((resCoefficient_ >> PRECISION) == 1) ? (PRECISION + 1) : PRECISION;
            // Overflow will be PRECISION - COEFFICIENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR or (PRECISION + 1) - COEFFICIENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR
            // Meaning 64 - 35 = 29 or 65 - 35 = 30
            overflowLen_ = overflowLen_ - COEFFICIENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR;
            resCoefficient_ = resCoefficient_ >> overflowLen_;

            // exponent1_ will always be less than or equal to 16384
            // exponent2_ will always be less than or equal to 16384
            // Even if exponent2_ is 0 (not possible) & resExponent_ = DECIMALS_DEBT_FACTOR then also resExponent_ will be less than max limit, so no overflow
            // result exponent = (exponent1_ + DECIMALS_DEBT_FACTOR + overflowLen_) - (exponent2_ + PRECISION);
            uint256 resExponent_ = ((bigNumber1 & EXPONENT_MAX_DEBT_FACTOR) + // exponent1_
                DECIMALS_DEBT_FACTOR + // DECIMALS_DEBT_FACTOR is 100% as it is percentage value
                overflowLen_); // addition part resExponent_ here min 16414, max 32798
            // reuse overFlowLen_ variable for subtraction sum of exponent
            overflowLen_ = (bigNumber2 & EXPONENT_MAX_DEBT_FACTOR) + PRECISION; // subtraction part overflowLen_ here: min 65, max 16448
            if (resExponent_ > overflowLen_) {
                resExponent_ = resExponent_ - overflowLen_;

                return ((resCoefficient_ << EXPONENT_SIZE_DEBT_FACTOR) | resExponent_);
            }

            // Can happen if bigNumber1 exponent is < 35 (35+16384+29 = 16448) and bigNumber2 exponent is e.g. max 16384.
            // this would mean a branch with a normal big debt factor (bigNumber2) is merged into a base branch with an extremely small
            // debt factor (bigNumber1).
            // this should never happen anyway, but if it does better to revert than to continue with unknown effects.
            revert(); // connection factor should never become a BigNumber with exponent <= 0
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

import { IFluidVaultFactory } from "../../interfaces/iVaultFactory.sol";
import { IFluidLiquidity } from "../../../../liquidity/interfaces/iLiquidity.sol";
import { StorageRead } from "../../../../libraries/storageRead.sol";

import { Structs } from "./structs.sol";

interface TokenInterface {
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

contract ConstantVariables is StorageRead, Structs {
    /***********************************|
    |        Constant Variables         |
    |__________________________________*/

    address internal constant NATIVE_TOKEN = 0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE;
    /// @dev collateral token address
    address internal immutable SUPPLY_TOKEN;
    /// @dev borrow token address
    address internal immutable BORROW_TOKEN;

    /// @dev Token decimals. For example wETH is 18 decimals
    uint8 internal immutable SUPPLY_DECIMALS;
    /// @dev Token decimals. For example USDC is 6 decimals
    uint8 internal immutable BORROW_DECIMALS;

    /// @dev VaultT1 AdminModule implemenation address
    address internal immutable ADMIN_IMPLEMENTATION;

    /// @dev VaultT1 Secondary implemenation (main2.sol) address
    address internal immutable SECONDARY_IMPLEMENTATION;

    /// @dev liquidity proxy contract address
    IFluidLiquidity public immutable LIQUIDITY;

    /// @dev vault factory contract address
    IFluidVaultFactory public immutable VAULT_FACTORY;

    uint public immutable VAULT_ID;

    uint internal constant X8 = 0xff;
    uint internal constant X10 = 0x3ff;
    uint internal constant X16 = 0xffff;
    uint internal constant X19 = 0x7ffff;
    uint internal constant X20 = 0xfffff;
    uint internal constant X24 = 0xffffff;
    uint internal constant X25 = 0x1ffffff;
    uint internal constant X30 = 0x3fffffff;
    uint internal constant X35 = 0x7ffffffff;
    uint internal constant X50 = 0x3ffffffffffff;
    uint internal constant X64 = 0xffffffffffffffff;
    uint internal constant X96 = 0xffffffffffffffffffffffff;
    uint internal constant X128 = 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff;

    uint256 internal constant EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION = 1e12;

    /// @dev slot ids in Liquidity contract. Helps in low gas fetch from liquidity contract by skipping delegate call
    bytes32 internal immutable LIQUIDITY_SUPPLY_EXCHANGE_PRICE_SLOT;
    bytes32 internal immutable LIQUIDITY_BORROW_EXCHANGE_PRICE_SLOT;
    bytes32 internal immutable LIQUIDITY_USER_SUPPLY_SLOT;
    bytes32 internal immutable LIQUIDITY_USER_BORROW_SLOT;

    /// @notice returns all Vault constants
    function constantsView() external view returns (ConstantViews memory constantsView_) {
        constantsView_.liquidity = address(LIQUIDITY);
        constantsView_.factory = address(VAULT_FACTORY);
        constantsView_.adminImplementation = ADMIN_IMPLEMENTATION;
        constantsView_.secondaryImplementation = SECONDARY_IMPLEMENTATION;
        constantsView_.supplyToken = SUPPLY_TOKEN;
        constantsView_.borrowToken = BORROW_TOKEN;
        constantsView_.supplyDecimals = SUPPLY_DECIMALS;
        constantsView_.borrowDecimals = BORROW_DECIMALS;
        constantsView_.vaultId = VAULT_ID;
        constantsView_.liquiditySupplyExchangePriceSlot = LIQUIDITY_SUPPLY_EXCHANGE_PRICE_SLOT;
        constantsView_.liquidityBorrowExchangePriceSlot = LIQUIDITY_BORROW_EXCHANGE_PRICE_SLOT;
        constantsView_.liquidityUserSupplySlot = LIQUIDITY_USER_SUPPLY_SLOT;
        constantsView_.liquidityUserBorrowSlot = LIQUIDITY_USER_BORROW_SLOT;
    }

    constructor(ConstantViews memory constants_) {
        LIQUIDITY = IFluidLiquidity(constants_.liquidity);
        VAULT_FACTORY = IFluidVaultFactory(constants_.factory);
        VAULT_ID = constants_.vaultId;

        SUPPLY_TOKEN = constants_.supplyToken;
        BORROW_TOKEN = constants_.borrowToken;
        SUPPLY_DECIMALS = constants_.supplyDecimals;
        BORROW_DECIMALS = constants_.borrowDecimals;

        // @dev those slots are calculated in the deploymentLogics / VaultFactory
        LIQUIDITY_SUPPLY_EXCHANGE_PRICE_SLOT = constants_.liquiditySupplyExchangePriceSlot;
        LIQUIDITY_BORROW_EXCHANGE_PRICE_SLOT = constants_.liquidityBorrowExchangePriceSlot;
        LIQUIDITY_USER_SUPPLY_SLOT = constants_.liquidityUserSupplySlot;
        LIQUIDITY_USER_BORROW_SLOT = constants_.liquidityUserBorrowSlot;

        ADMIN_IMPLEMENTATION = constants_.adminImplementation;
        SECONDARY_IMPLEMENTATION = constants_.secondaryImplementation;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

contract Error {
    error FluidVaultError(uint256 errorId_);

    /// @notice used to simulate liquidation to find the maximum liquidatable amounts
    error FluidLiquidateResult(uint256 colLiquidated, uint256 debtLiquidated);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

library LibsErrorTypes {
    /***********************************|
    |         LiquidityCalcs            | 
    |__________________________________*/

    /// @notice thrown when supply or borrow exchange price is zero at calc token data (token not configured yet)
    uint256 internal constant LiquidityCalcs__ExchangePriceZero = 70001;

    /// @notice thrown when rate data is set to a version that is not implemented
    uint256 internal constant LiquidityCalcs__UnsupportedRateVersion = 70002;

    /// @notice thrown when the calculated borrow rate turns negative. This should never happen.
    uint256 internal constant LiquidityCalcs__BorrowRateNegative = 70003;

    /***********************************|
    |           SafeTransfer            | 
    |__________________________________*/

    /// @notice thrown when safe transfer from for an ERC20 fails
    uint256 internal constant SafeTransfer__TransferFromFailed = 71001;

    /// @notice thrown when safe transfer for an ERC20 fails
    uint256 internal constant SafeTransfer__TransferFailed = 71002;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

contract Events {
    /// @notice emitted when an operate() method is executed that changes collateral (`colAmt_`) / debt (debtAmt_`)
    /// amount for a `user_` position with `nftId_`. Receiver of any funds is the address `to_`.
    event LogOperate(address user_, uint256 nftId_, int256 colAmt_, int256 debtAmt_, address to_);

    /// @notice emitted when the exchange prices are updated in storage.
    event LogUpdateExchangePrice(uint256 supplyExPrice_, uint256 borrowExPrice_);

    /// @notice emitted when a liquidation has been executed.
    event LogLiquidate(address liquidator_, uint256 colAmt_, uint256 debtAmt_, address to_);

    /// @notice emitted when `absorb()` was executed to absorb bad debt.
    event LogAbsorb(uint colAbsorbedRaw_, uint debtAbsorbedRaw_);

    /// @notice emitted when a `rebalance()` has been executed, balancing out total supply / borrow between Vault
    /// and Fluid Liquidity pools.
    /// if `colAmt_` is positive then loss, meaning transfer from rebalancer address to vault and deposit.
    /// if `colAmt_` is negative then profit, meaning withdrawn from vault and sent to rebalancer address.
    /// if `debtAmt_` is positive then profit, meaning borrow from vault and sent to rebalancer address.
    /// if `debtAmt_` is negative then loss, meaning transfer from rebalancer address to vault and payback.
    event LogRebalance(int colAmt_, int debtAmt_);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

import { IFluidOracle } from "./interfaces/iFluidOracle.sol";

/// @title   FluidOracle
/// @notice  Base contract that any Fluid Oracle must implement
abstract contract FluidOracle is IFluidOracle {
    /// @inheritdoc IFluidOracle
    function getExchangeRate() external view virtual returns (uint256 exchangeRate_);

    /// @inheritdoc IFluidOracle
    function getExchangeRateOperate() external view virtual returns (uint256 exchangeRate_);

    /// @inheritdoc IFluidOracle
    function getExchangeRateLiquidate() external view virtual returns (uint256 exchangeRate_);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

import { Variables } from "../common/variables.sol";
import { ConstantVariables } from "./constantVariables.sol";
import { Events } from "./events.sol";
import { TickMath } from "../../../../libraries/tickMath.sol";
import { BigMathMinified } from "../../../../libraries/bigMathMinified.sol";
import { BigMathVault } from "../../../../libraries/bigMathVault.sol";
import { LiquidityCalcs } from "../../../../libraries/liquidityCalcs.sol";

import { ErrorTypes } from "../../errorTypes.sol";
import { Error } from "../../error.sol";

/// @dev Fluid vault protocol helper methods. Mostly used for `operate()` and `liquidate()` methods of CoreModule.
abstract contract Helpers is Variables, ConstantVariables, Events, Error {
    using BigMathMinified for uint256;
    using BigMathVault for uint256;

    /// @notice Calculates new vault exchange prices. Does not update values in storage.
    /// @param vaultVariables2_ exactly same as vaultVariables2 from storage
    /// @return liqSupplyExPrice_ latest liquidity's supply token supply exchange price
    /// @return liqBorrowExPrice_ latest liquidity's borrow token borrow exchange price
    /// @return vaultSupplyExPrice_ latest vault's supply token exchange price
    /// @return vaultBorrowExPrice_ latest vault's borrow token exchange price
    function updateExchangePrices(
        uint256 vaultVariables2_
    )
        public
        view
        returns (
            uint256 liqSupplyExPrice_,
            uint256 liqBorrowExPrice_,
            uint256 vaultSupplyExPrice_,
            uint256 vaultBorrowExPrice_
        )
    {
        // Fetching last stored rates
        uint rates_ = rates;

        (liqSupplyExPrice_, ) = LiquidityCalcs.calcExchangePrices(
            LIQUIDITY.readFromStorage(LIQUIDITY_SUPPLY_EXCHANGE_PRICE_SLOT)
        );
        (, liqBorrowExPrice_) = LiquidityCalcs.calcExchangePrices(
            LIQUIDITY.readFromStorage(LIQUIDITY_BORROW_EXCHANGE_PRICE_SLOT)
        );

        uint256 oldLiqSupplyExPrice_ = (rates_ & X64);
        uint256 oldLiqBorrowExPrice_ = ((rates_ >> 64) & X64);
        if (liqSupplyExPrice_ < oldLiqSupplyExPrice_ || liqBorrowExPrice_ < oldLiqBorrowExPrice_) {
            // new liquidity exchange price is < than the old one. liquidity exchange price should only ever increase.
            // If not, something went wrong and avoid proceeding with unknown outcome.
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__LiquidityExchangePriceUnexpected);
        }

        // liquidity Exchange Prices always increases in next block. Hence substraction with old will never be negative
        // uint64 * 1e18 is the max the number that could be
        unchecked {
            // Calculating increase in supply exchange price w.r.t last stored liquidity's exchange price
            // vaultSupplyExPrice_ => supplyIncreaseInPercent_
            vaultSupplyExPrice_ = ((((liqSupplyExPrice_ * 1e18) / oldLiqSupplyExPrice_) - 1e18) *
                (vaultVariables2_ & X16)) / 10000; // supply rate magnifier

            // Calculating increase in borrow exchange price w.r.t last stored liquidity's exchange price
            // vaultBorrowExPrice_ => borrowIncreaseInPercent_
            vaultBorrowExPrice_ = ((((liqBorrowExPrice_ * 1e18) / oldLiqBorrowExPrice_) - 1e18) *
                ((vaultVariables2_ >> 16) & X16)) / 10000; // borrow rate magnifier

            // It's extremely hard the exchange prices to overflow even in 100 years but if it does it's not an
            // issue here as we are not updating on storage
            // (rates_ >> 128) & X64) -> last stored vault's supply token exchange price
            vaultSupplyExPrice_ = (((rates_ >> 128) & X64) * (1e18 + vaultSupplyExPrice_)) / 1e18;
            // (rates_ >> 192) -> last stored vault's borrow token exchange price (no need to mask with & X64 as it is anyway max 64 bits)
            vaultBorrowExPrice_ = ((rates_ >> 192) * (1e18 + vaultBorrowExPrice_)) / 1e18;
        }
    }

    /// note admin module is also calling this function self call
    /// @dev updating exchange price on storage. Only need to update on storage when changing supply or borrow magnifier
    function updateExchangePricesOnStorage()
        public
        returns (
            uint256 liqSupplyExPrice_,
            uint256 liqBorrowExPrice_,
            uint256 vaultSupplyExPrice_,
            uint256 vaultBorrowExPrice_
        )
    {
        (liqSupplyExPrice_, liqBorrowExPrice_, vaultSupplyExPrice_, vaultBorrowExPrice_) = updateExchangePrices(
            vaultVariables2
        );

        if (
            liqSupplyExPrice_ > X64 || liqBorrowExPrice_ > X64 || vaultSupplyExPrice_ > X64 || vaultBorrowExPrice_ > X64
        ) {
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__ExchangePriceOverFlow);
        }

        // Updating in storage
        rates =
            liqSupplyExPrice_ |
            (liqBorrowExPrice_ << 64) |
            (vaultSupplyExPrice_ << 128) |
            (vaultBorrowExPrice_ << 192);

        emit LogUpdateExchangePrice(vaultSupplyExPrice_, vaultBorrowExPrice_);
    }

    /// @dev fetches new user's position after liquidation. The new liquidated position's debt is decreased by 0.01%
    /// to make sure that branch's liquidity never becomes 0 as if it would have gotten 0 then there will be multiple cases that we would need to tackle.
    /// @param positionTick_ position's tick when it was last updated through operate
    /// @param positionTickId_ position's tick Id. This stores the debt factor and branch to make the first connection
    /// @param positionRawDebt_ position's raw debt when it was last updated through operate
    /// @param tickData_ position's tick's tickData just for minor comparison to know if data is moved to tick Id or is still in tick data
    /// @return final tick position after all the liquidation
    /// @return final debt of position after all the liquidation
    /// @return positionRawCol_ final collateral of position after all the liquidation
    /// @return branchId_ final branch's ID where the position is at currently
    /// @return branchData_ final branch's data where the position is at currently
    function fetchLatestPosition(
        int256 positionTick_,
        uint256 positionTickId_,
        uint256 positionRawDebt_,
        uint256 tickData_
    )
        public
        view
        returns (
            int256, // positionTick_
            uint256, // positionRawDebt_
            uint256 positionRawCol_,
            uint256 branchId_,
            uint256 branchData_
        )
    {
        uint256 initialPositionRawDebt_ = positionRawDebt_;
        uint256 connectionFactor_;
        bool isFullyLiquidated_;

        // Checking if tick's total ID = user's tick ID
        if (((tickData_ >> 1) & X24) == positionTickId_) {
            // fetching from tick data itself
            isFullyLiquidated_ = ((tickData_ >> 25) & 1) == 1;
            branchId_ = (tickData_ >> 26) & X30;
            connectionFactor_ = (tickData_ >> 56) & X50;
        } else {
            {
                uint256 tickLiquidationData_;
                unchecked {
                    // Fetching tick's liquidation data. One variable contains data of 3 IDs. Tick Id mapping is starting from 1.
                    tickLiquidationData_ =
                        tickId[positionTick_][(positionTickId_ + 2) / 3] >>
                        (((positionTickId_ + 2) % 3) * 85);
                }

                isFullyLiquidated_ = (tickLiquidationData_ & 1) == 1;
                branchId_ = (tickLiquidationData_ >> 1) & X30;
                connectionFactor_ = (tickLiquidationData_ >> 31) & X50;
            }
        }

        // data of branch
        branchData_ = branchData[branchId_];

        if (isFullyLiquidated_) {
            positionTick_ = type(int).min;
            positionRawDebt_ = 0;
        } else {
            // Below information about connection debt factor
            // If branch is merged, Connection debt factor is used to multiply in order to get perfect liquidation of user
            // For example: Considering user was at the top.
            // In first branch, the user liquidated to debt factor 0.5 and then branch got merged (branching starting from 1)
            // In second branch, it got liquidated to 0.4 but when the above branch merged the debt factor on this branch was 0.6
            // Meaning on 1st branch, user got liquidated by 50% & on 2nd by 33.33%. So a total of 66.6%.
            // What we will set a connection factor will be 0.6/0.5 = 1.2
            // So now to get user's position, this is what we'll do:
            // finalDebt = (0.4 / (1 * 1.2)) * debtBeforeLiquidation
            // 0.4 is current active branch's minima debt factor
            // 1 is debt factor from where user started
            // 1.2 is connection factor which we found out through 0.6 / 0.5
            while ((branchData_ & 3) == 2) {
                // If true then the branch is merged

                // userTickDebtFactor * connectionDebtFactor *... connectionDebtFactor aka adjustmentDebtFactor
                connectionFactor_ = connectionFactor_.mulBigNumber(((branchData_ >> 116) & X50));
                if (connectionFactor_ == BigMathVault.MAX_MASK_DEBT_FACTOR) break; // user ~100% liquidated
                // Note we don't need updated branch data in case of 100% liquidated so saving gas for fetching it

                // Fetching new branch data
                branchId_ = (branchData_ >> 166) & X30; // Link to base branch of current branch
                branchData_ = branchData[branchId_];
            }
            // When the while loop breaks meaning the branch now has minima Debt Factor or is a closed branch;

            if (((branchData_ & 3) == 3) || (connectionFactor_ == BigMathVault.MAX_MASK_DEBT_FACTOR)) {
                // Branch got closed (or user liquidated ~100%). Hence make the user's position 0
                // Rare cases to get into this situation
                // Branch can get close often but once closed it's tricky that some user might come iterating through there
                // If a user comes then that user will be very mini user like some cents probably
                positionTick_ = type(int).min;
                positionRawDebt_ = 0;
            } else {
                // If branch is not merged, the main branch it's connected to then it'll have minima debt factor

                // position debt = debt * base branch minimaDebtFactor / connectionFactor
                positionRawDebt_ = positionRawDebt_.mulDivNormal(
                    (branchData_ >> 116) & X50, // minimaDebtFactor
                    connectionFactor_
                );

                unchecked {
                    // Reducing user's liquidity by 0.01% if user got liquidated.
                    // As this will make sure that the branch always have some debt even if all liquidated user left
                    // This saves a lot more logics & consideration on Operate function
                    // if we don't do this then we have to add logics related to closing the branch and factor connections accordingly.
                    if (positionRawDebt_ > (initialPositionRawDebt_ / 100)) {
                        positionRawDebt_ = (positionRawDebt_ * 9999) / 10000;
                    } else {
                        // if user debt reduced by more than 99% in liquidation then making user as fully liquidated
                        positionRawDebt_ = 0;
                    }
                }

                {
                    if (positionRawDebt_ > 0) {
                        // positionTick_ -> read minima tick of branch
                        unchecked {
                            positionTick_ = branchData_ & 4 == 4
                                ? int((branchData_ >> 3) & X19)
                                : -int((branchData_ >> 3) & X19);
                        }
                        // Calculating user's collateral
                        uint256 ratioAtTick_ = TickMath.getRatioAtTick(int24(positionTick_));
                        uint256 ratioOneLess_;
                        unchecked {
                            ratioOneLess_ = (ratioAtTick_ * 10000) / 10015;
                        }
                        // formula below for better readability:
                        // length = ratioAtTick_ - ratioOneLess_
                        // ratio = ratioOneLess_ + (length * positionPartials_) / X30
                        // positionRawCol_ = (positionRawDebt_ * (1 << 96)) / ratio_
                        positionRawCol_ =
                            (positionRawDebt_ * TickMath.ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO) /
                            (ratioOneLess_ + ((ratioAtTick_ - ratioOneLess_) * ((branchData_ >> 22) & X30)) / X30);
                    } else {
                        positionTick_ = type(int).min;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return (positionTick_, positionRawDebt_, positionRawCol_, branchId_, branchData_);
    }

    /// @dev sets `tick_` as having debt or no debt in storage `tickHasDebt` depending on `addOrRemove_`
    /// @param tick_ tick to add or remove from tickHasDebt
    /// @param addOrRemove_ if true then add else remove
    function _updateTickHasDebt(int tick_, bool addOrRemove_) internal {
        // Positive mapID_ starts from 0 & above and negative starts below 0.
        // tick 0 to 255 will have mapId_ as 0 while tick -256 to -1 will have mapId_ as -1.
        unchecked {
            int mapId_ = tick_ < 0 ? ((tick_ + 1) / 256) - 1 : tick_ / 256;

            // in case of removing:
            // (tick == 255) tickHasDebt[mapId_] - 1 << 255
            // (tick == 0) tickHasDebt[mapId_] - 1 << 0
            // (tick == -1) tickHasDebt[mapId_] - 1 << 255
            // (tick == -256) tickHasDebt[mapId_] - 1 << 0
            // in case of adding:
            // (tick == 255) tickHasDebt[mapId_] - 1 << 255
            // (tick == 0) tickHasDebt[mapId_] - 1 << 0
            // (tick == -1) tickHasDebt[mapId_] - 1 << 255
            // (tick == -256) tickHasDebt[mapId_] - 1 << 0
            uint position_ = uint(tick_ - (mapId_ * 256));

            tickHasDebt[mapId_] = addOrRemove_
                ? tickHasDebt[mapId_] | (1 << position_)
                : tickHasDebt[mapId_] & ~(1 << position_);
        }
    }

    /// @dev gets next perfect top tick (tick which is not liquidated)
    /// @param topTick_ current top tick which will no longer be top tick
    /// @return nextTick_ next top tick which will become the new top tick
    function _fetchNextTopTick(int topTick_) internal view returns (int nextTick_) {
        int mapId_;
        uint tickHasDebt_;

        unchecked {
            mapId_ = topTick_ < 0 ? ((topTick_ + 1) / 256) - 1 : topTick_ / 256;
            uint bitsToRemove_ = uint(-topTick_ + (mapId_ * 256 + 256));
            // Removing current top tick from tickHasDebt
            tickHasDebt_ = (tickHasDebt[mapId_] << bitsToRemove_) >> bitsToRemove_;

            // For last user remaining in vault there could be a lot of iterations in the while loop.
            // Chances of this to happen is extremely low (like ~0%)
            while (true) {
                if (tickHasDebt_ > 0) {
                    nextTick_ = mapId_ * 256 + int(tickHasDebt_.mostSignificantBit()) - 1;
                    break;
                }

                // Reducing mapId_ by 1 in every loop; if it reaches to -129 then no filled tick exist, meaning it's the last tick
                if (--mapId_ == -129) {
                    nextTick_ = type(int).min;
                    break;
                }

                tickHasDebt_ = tickHasDebt[mapId_];
            }
        }
    }

    /// @dev adding debt to a particular tick
    /// @param totalColRaw_ total raw collateral of position
    /// @param netDebtRaw_ net raw debt (total debt - dust debt)
    /// @return tick_ tick where the debt is being added
    /// @return tickId_ tick current id
    /// @return userRawDebt_ user's total raw debt
    /// @return rawDust_ dust debt used for adjustment
    function _addDebtToTickWrite(
        uint256 totalColRaw_,
        uint256 netDebtRaw_ // debtRaw - dust
    ) internal returns (int256 tick_, uint256 tickId_, uint256 userRawDebt_, uint256 rawDust_) {
        if (netDebtRaw_ < 10000) {
            // thrown if user's debt is too low
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__UserDebtTooLow);
        }
        // tick_ & ratio_ returned from library is round down. Hence increasing it by 1 and increasing ratio by 1 tick.
        uint ratio_ = (netDebtRaw_ * TickMath.ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO) / totalColRaw_;
        (tick_, ratio_) = TickMath.getTickAtRatio(ratio_);
        unchecked {
            ++tick_;
            ratio_ = (ratio_ * 10015) / 10000;
        }
        userRawDebt_ = (ratio_ * totalColRaw_) >> 96;
        rawDust_ = userRawDebt_ - netDebtRaw_;

        // Current state of tick
        uint256 tickData_ = tickData[tick_];
        tickId_ = (tickData_ >> 1) & X24;

        uint tickNewDebt_;
        if (tickId_ > 0 && tickData_ & 1 == 0) {
            // Current debt in the tick
            uint256 tickExistingRawDebt_ = (tickData_ >> 25) & X64;
            tickExistingRawDebt_ = (tickExistingRawDebt_ >> 8) << (tickExistingRawDebt_ & X8);

            // Tick's already initialized and not liquidated. Hence simply add the debt
            tickNewDebt_ = tickExistingRawDebt_ + userRawDebt_;
            if (tickExistingRawDebt_ == 0) {
                // Adding tick into tickHasDebt
                _updateTickHasDebt(tick_, true);
            }
        } else {
            // Liquidation happened or tick getting initialized for the very first time.
            if (tickId_ > 0) {
                // Meaning a liquidation happened. Hence move the data to tickID
                unchecked {
                    uint tickMap_ = (tickId_ + 2) / 3;
                    // Adding 2 in ID so we can get right mapping ID. For example for ID 1, 2 & 3 mapping should be 1 and so on..
                    // For example shift for id 1 should be 0, for id 2 should be 85, for id 3 it should be 170 and so on..
                    tickId[tick_][tickMap_] =
                        tickId[tick_][tickMap_] |
                        ((tickData_ >> 25) << (((tickId_ + 2) % 3) * 85));
                }
            }
            // Increasing total ID by one
            unchecked {
                ++tickId_;
            }
            tickNewDebt_ = userRawDebt_;

            // Adding tick into tickHasDebt
            _updateTickHasDebt(tick_, true);
        }
        if (tickNewDebt_ < 10000) {
            // thrown if tick's debt/liquidity is too low
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__TickDebtTooLow);
        }
        tickData[tick_] = (tickId_ << 1) | (tickNewDebt_.toBigNumber(56, 8, BigMathMinified.ROUND_DOWN) << 25);
    }

    /// @dev sets new top tick. If it comes to this function then that means current top tick is perfect tick.
    /// if next top tick is liquidated then unitializes the current non liquidated branch and make the liquidated branch as current branch
    /// @param topTick_ current top tick
    /// @param vaultVariables_ vaultVariables of storage but with newer updates
    /// @return newVaultVariables_ newVaultVariables_ updated vault variable internally to this function
    /// @return newTopTick_ new top tick
    function _setNewTopTick(
        int topTick_,
        uint vaultVariables_
    ) internal returns (uint newVaultVariables_, int newTopTick_) {
        // This function considers that the current top tick was not liquidated
        // Overall flow of function:
        // if new top tick liquidated (aka base branch's minima tick) -> Close the current branch and make base branch as current branch
        // if new top tick not liquidated -> update things in current branch.
        // if new top tick is not liquidated and same tick exist in base branch then tick is considered as not liquidated.

        uint branchId_ = (vaultVariables_ >> 22) & X30; // branch id of current branch

        uint256 branchData_ = branchData[branchId_];
        int256 baseBranchMinimaTick_;
        if ((branchData_ >> 196) & 1 == 1) {
            baseBranchMinimaTick_ = int((branchData_ >> 197) & X19);
        } else {
            unchecked {
                baseBranchMinimaTick_ = -int((branchData_ >> 197) & X19);
            }
            if (baseBranchMinimaTick_ == 0) {
                // meaning the current branch is the master branch
                baseBranchMinimaTick_ = type(int).min;
            }
        }

        // Returns type(int).min if no top tick exist
        int nextTopTickNotLiquidated_ = _fetchNextTopTick(topTick_);

        newTopTick_ = baseBranchMinimaTick_ > nextTopTickNotLiquidated_
            ? baseBranchMinimaTick_
            : nextTopTickNotLiquidated_;

        if (newTopTick_ == type(int).min) {
            // if this happens that means this was the last user of the vault :(
            vaultVariables_ = vaultVariables_ & 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffc00001;
        } else if (newTopTick_ == nextTopTickNotLiquidated_) {
            // New top tick exist in current non liquidated branch
            if (newTopTick_ < 0) {
                unchecked {
                    vaultVariables_ =
                        (vaultVariables_ & 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffc00001) |
                        (uint(-newTopTick_) << 3);
                }
            } else {
                vaultVariables_ =
                    (vaultVariables_ & 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffc00001) |
                    4 | // setting top tick as positive
                    (uint(newTopTick_) << 3);
            }
        } else {
            // if this happens that means base branch exists & is the next top tick
            // Remove current non liquidated branch as active.
            // Not deleting here as it's going to get initialize again whenever a new top tick comes
            branchData[branchId_] = 0;
            // Inserting liquidated branch's minima tick
            unchecked {
                vaultVariables_ =
                    (vaultVariables_ & 0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffc00000000000000000001) |
                    2 | // Setting top tick as liquidated
                    (((branchData_ >> 196) & X20) << 2) | // new current top tick = base branch minima tick
                    (((branchData_ >> 166) & X30) << 22) | // new current branch id = base branch id
                    ((branchId_ - 1) << 52); // reduce total branch id by 1
            }
        }

        newVaultVariables_ = vaultVariables_;
    }

    constructor(ConstantViews memory constants_) ConstantVariables(constants_) {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

interface IFluidOracle {
    /// @dev Deprecated. Use `getExchangeRateOperate()` and `getExchangeRateLiquidate()` instead. Only implemented for
    ///      backwards compatibility.
    function getExchangeRate() external view returns (uint256 exchangeRate_);

    /// @notice Get the `exchangeRate_` between the underlying asset and the peg asset in 1e27 for operates
    function getExchangeRateOperate() external view returns (uint256 exchangeRate_);

    /// @notice Get the `exchangeRate_` between the underlying asset and the peg asset in 1e27 for liquidations
    function getExchangeRateLiquidate() external view returns (uint256 exchangeRate_);
}

//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

import { IProxy } from "../../infiniteProxy/interfaces/iProxy.sol";
import { Structs as AdminModuleStructs } from "../adminModule/structs.sol";

interface IFluidLiquidityAdmin {
    /// @notice adds/removes auths. Auths generally could be contracts which can have restricted actions defined on contract.
    ///         auths can be helpful in reducing governance overhead where it's not needed.
    /// @param authsStatus_ array of structs setting allowed status for an address.
    ///                     status true => add auth, false => remove auth
    function updateAuths(AdminModuleStructs.AddressBool[] calldata authsStatus_) external;

    /// @notice adds/removes guardians. Only callable by Governance.
    /// @param guardiansStatus_ array of structs setting allowed status for an address.
    ///                         status true => add guardian, false => remove guardian
    function updateGuardians(AdminModuleStructs.AddressBool[] calldata guardiansStatus_) external;

    /// @notice changes the revenue collector address (contract that is sent revenue). Only callable by Governance.
    /// @param revenueCollector_  new revenue collector address
    function updateRevenueCollector(address revenueCollector_) external;

    /// @notice changes current status, e.g. for pausing or unpausing all user operations. Only callable by Auths.
    /// @param newStatus_ new status
    ///        status = 2 -> pause, status = 1 -> resume.
    function changeStatus(uint256 newStatus_) external;

    /// @notice                  update tokens rate data version 1. Only callable by Auths.
    /// @param tokensRateData_   array of RateDataV1Params with rate data to set for each token
    function updateRateDataV1s(AdminModuleStructs.RateDataV1Params[] calldata tokensRateData_) external;

    /// @notice                  update tokens rate data version 2. Only callable by Auths.
    /// @param tokensRateData_   array of RateDataV2Params with rate data to set for each token
    function updateRateDataV2s(AdminModuleStructs.RateDataV2Params[] calldata tokensRateData_) external;

    /// @notice updates token configs: fee charge on borrowers interest & storage update utilization threshold.
    ///         Only callable by Auths.
    /// @param tokenConfigs_ contains token address, fee & utilization threshold
    function updateTokenConfigs(AdminModuleStructs.TokenConfig[] calldata tokenConfigs_) external;

    /// @notice updates user classes: 0 is for new protocols, 1 is for established protocols.
    ///         Only callable by Auths.
    /// @param userClasses_ struct array of uint256 value to assign for each user address
    function updateUserClasses(AdminModuleStructs.AddressUint256[] calldata userClasses_) external;

    /// @notice sets user supply configs per token basis. Eg: with interest or interest-free and automated limits.
    ///         Only callable by Auths.
    /// @param userSupplyConfigs_ struct array containing user supply config, see `UserSupplyConfig` struct for more info
    function updateUserSupplyConfigs(AdminModuleStructs.UserSupplyConfig[] memory userSupplyConfigs_) external;

    /// @notice setting user borrow configs per token basis. Eg: with interest or interest-free and automated limits.
    ///         Only callable by Auths.
    /// @param userBorrowConfigs_ struct array containing user borrow config, see `UserBorrowConfig` struct for more info
    function updateUserBorrowConfigs(AdminModuleStructs.UserBorrowConfig[] memory userBorrowConfigs_) external;

    /// @notice pause operations for a particular user in class 0 (class 1 users can't be paused by guardians).
    /// Only callable by Guardians.
    /// @param user_          address of user to pause operations for
    /// @param supplyTokens_  token addresses to pause withdrawals for
    /// @param borrowTokens_  token addresses to pause borrowings for
    function pauseUser(address user_, address[] calldata supplyTokens_, address[] calldata borrowTokens_) external;

    /// @notice unpause operations for a particular user in class 0 (class 1 users can't be paused by guardians).
    /// Only callable by Guardians.
    /// @param user_          address of user to unpause operations for
    /// @param supplyTokens_  token addresses to unpause withdrawals for
    /// @param borrowTokens_  token addresses to unpause borrowings for
    function unpauseUser(address user_, address[] calldata supplyTokens_, address[] calldata borrowTokens_) external;

    /// @notice         collects revenue for tokens to configured revenueCollector address.
    /// @param tokens_  array of tokens to collect revenue for
    /// @dev            Note that this can revert if token balance is < revenueAmount (utilization > 100%)
    function collectRevenue(address[] calldata tokens_) external;

    /// @notice gets the current updated exchange prices for n tokens and updates all prices, rates related data in storage.
    /// @param tokens_ tokens to update exchange prices for
    /// @return supplyExchangePrices_ new supply rates of overall system for each token
    /// @return borrowExchangePrices_ new borrow rates of overall system for each token
    function updateExchangePrices(
        address[] calldata tokens_
    ) external returns (uint256[] memory supplyExchangePrices_, uint256[] memory borrowExchangePrices_);
}

interface IFluidLiquidityLogic is IFluidLiquidityAdmin {
    /// @notice Single function which handles supply, withdraw, borrow & payback
    /// @param token_ address of token (0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE for native)
    /// @param supplyAmount_ if +ve then supply, if -ve then withdraw, if 0 then nothing
    /// @param borrowAmount_ if +ve then borrow, if -ve then payback, if 0 then nothing
    /// @param withdrawTo_ if withdrawal then to which address
    /// @param borrowTo_ if borrow then to which address
    /// @param callbackData_ callback data passed to `liquidityCallback` method of protocol
    /// @return memVar3_ updated supplyExchangePrice
    /// @return memVar4_ updated borrowExchangePrice
    /// @dev to trigger skipping in / out transfers when in&out amounts balance themselves out (gas optimization):
    /// -   supply(+) == borrow(+), withdraw(-) == payback(-).
    /// -   `withdrawTo_` / `borrowTo_` must be msg.sender (protocol)
    /// -   `callbackData_` MUST be encoded so that "from" address is at last 20 bytes (if this optimization is desired),
    ///     also for native token operations where liquidityCallback is not triggered!
    ///     from address must come at last position if there is more data. I.e. encode like:
    ///     abi.encode(otherVar1, otherVar2, FROM_ADDRESS). Note dynamic types used with abi.encode come at the end
    ///     so if dynamic types are needed, you must use abi.encodePacked to ensure the from address is at the end.
    function operate(
        address token_,
        int256 supplyAmount_,
        int256 borrowAmount_,
        address withdrawTo_,
        address borrowTo_,
        bytes calldata callbackData_
    ) external payable returns (uint256 memVar3_, uint256 memVar4_);
}

interface IFluidLiquidity is IProxy, IFluidLiquidityLogic {}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

interface IProxy {
    function setAdmin(address newAdmin_) external;

    function setDummyImplementation(address newDummyImplementation_) external;

    function addImplementation(address implementation_, bytes4[] calldata sigs_) external;

    function removeImplementation(address implementation_) external;

    function getAdmin() external view returns (address);

    function getDummyImplementation() external view returns (address);

    function getImplementationSigs(address impl_) external view returns (bytes4[] memory);

    function getSigsImplementation(bytes4 sig_) external view returns (address);

    function readFromStorage(bytes32 slot_) external view returns (uint256 result_);
}

//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

import { IERC721Enumerable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol";

interface IFluidVaultFactory is IERC721Enumerable {
    /// @notice Minting an NFT Vault for the user
    function mint(uint256 vaultId_, address user_) external returns (uint256 tokenId_);

    /// @notice returns owner of Vault which is also an NFT
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /// @notice Global auth is auth for all vaults
    function isGlobalAuth(address auth_) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Vault auth is auth for a specific vault
    function isVaultAuth(address vault_, address auth_) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Total vaults deployed.
    function totalVaults() external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Compute vaultAddress
    function getVaultAddress(uint256 vaultId) external view returns (address);

    /// @notice read uint256 `result_` for a storage `slot_` key
    function readFromStorage(bytes32 slot_) external view returns (uint256 result_);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

import { LibsErrorTypes as ErrorTypes } from "./errorTypes.sol";
import { LiquiditySlotsLink } from "./liquiditySlotsLink.sol";
import { BigMathMinified } from "./bigMathMinified.sol";

/// @notice implements calculation methods used for Fluid liquidity such as updated exchange prices,
/// borrow rate, withdrawal / borrow limits, revenue amount.
library LiquidityCalcs {
    error FluidLiquidityCalcsError(uint256 errorId_);

    /// @notice emitted if the calculated borrow rate surpassed max borrow rate (16 bits) and was capped at maximum value 65535
    event BorrowRateMaxCap();

    /// @dev constants as from Liquidity variables.sol
    uint256 internal constant EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION = 1e12;

    /// @dev Ignoring leap years
    uint256 internal constant SECONDS_PER_YEAR = 365 days;
    // constants used for BigMath conversion from and to storage
    uint256 internal constant DEFAULT_EXPONENT_SIZE = 8;
    uint256 internal constant DEFAULT_EXPONENT_MASK = 0xFF;

    uint256 internal constant FOUR_DECIMALS = 1e4;
    uint256 internal constant TWELVE_DECIMALS = 1e12;
    uint256 internal constant X14 = 0x3fff;
    uint256 internal constant X15 = 0x7fff;
    uint256 internal constant X16 = 0xffff;
    uint256 internal constant X18 = 0x3ffff;
    uint256 internal constant X24 = 0xffffff;
    uint256 internal constant X33 = 0x1ffffffff;
    uint256 internal constant X64 = 0xffffffffffffffff;

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //////////                  CALC EXCHANGE PRICES                  /////////
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /// @dev calculates interest (exchange prices) for a token given its' exchangePricesAndConfig from storage.
    /// @param exchangePricesAndConfig_ exchange prices and config packed uint256 read from storage
    /// @return supplyExchangePrice_ updated supplyExchangePrice
    /// @return borrowExchangePrice_ updated borrowExchangePrice
    function calcExchangePrices(
        uint256 exchangePricesAndConfig_
    ) internal view returns (uint256 supplyExchangePrice_, uint256 borrowExchangePrice_) {
        // Extracting exchange prices
        supplyExchangePrice_ =
            (exchangePricesAndConfig_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_SUPPLY_EXCHANGE_PRICE) &
            X64;
        borrowExchangePrice_ =
            (exchangePricesAndConfig_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_BORROW_EXCHANGE_PRICE) &
            X64;

        if (supplyExchangePrice_ == 0 || borrowExchangePrice_ == 0) {
            revert FluidLiquidityCalcsError(ErrorTypes.LiquidityCalcs__ExchangePriceZero);
        }

        uint256 temp_ = exchangePricesAndConfig_ & X16; // temp_ = borrowRate

        unchecked {
            // last timestamp can not be > current timestamp
            uint256 secondsSinceLastUpdate_ = block.timestamp -
                ((exchangePricesAndConfig_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_LAST_TIMESTAMP) & X33);

            uint256 borrowRatio_ = (exchangePricesAndConfig_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_BORROW_RATIO) &
                X15;
            if (secondsSinceLastUpdate_ == 0 || temp_ == 0 || borrowRatio_ == 1) {
                // if no time passed, borrow rate is 0, or no raw borrowings: no exchange price update needed
                // (if borrowRatio_ == 1 means there is only borrowInterestFree, as first bit is 1 and rest is 0)
                return (supplyExchangePrice_, borrowExchangePrice_);
            }

            // calculate new borrow exchange price.
            // formula borrowExchangePriceIncrease: previous price * borrow rate * secondsSinceLastUpdate_.
            // nominator is max uint112 (uint64 * uint16 * uint32). Divisor can not be 0.
            borrowExchangePrice_ +=
                (borrowExchangePrice_ * temp_ * secondsSinceLastUpdate_) /
                (SECONDS_PER_YEAR * FOUR_DECIMALS);

            // FOR SUPPLY EXCHANGE PRICE:
            // all yield paid by borrowers (in mode with interest) goes to suppliers in mode with interest.
            // formula: previous price * supply rate * secondsSinceLastUpdate_.
            // where supply rate = (borrow rate  - revenueFee%) * ratioSupplyYield. And
            // ratioSupplyYield = utilization * supplyRatio * borrowRatio
            //
            // Example:
            // supplyRawInterest is 80, supplyInterestFree is 20. totalSupply is 100. BorrowedRawInterest is 50.
            // BorrowInterestFree is 10. TotalBorrow is 60. borrow rate 40%, revenueFee 10%.
            // yield is 10 (so half a year must have passed).
            // supplyRawInterest must become worth 89. totalSupply must become 109. BorrowedRawInterest must become 60.
            // borrowInterestFree must still be 10. supplyInterestFree still 20. totalBorrow 70.
            // supplyExchangePrice would have to go from 1 to 1,125 (+ 0.125). borrowExchangePrice from 1 to 1,2 (+0.2).
            // utilization is 60%. supplyRatio = 20 / 80 = 25% (only 80% of lenders receiving yield).
            // borrowRatio = 10 / 50 = 20% (only 83,333% of borrowers paying yield):
            // x of borrowers paying yield = 100% - (20 / (100 + 20)) = 100% - 16.6666666% = 83,333%.
            // ratioSupplyYield = 60% * 83,33333% * (100% + 20%) = 62,5%
            // supplyRate = (40% * (100% - 10%)) * = 36% * 62,5% = 22.5%
            // increase in supplyExchangePrice, assuming 100 as previous price.
            // 100 * 22,5% * 1/2 (half a year) = 0,1125.
            // cross-check supplyRawInterest worth = 80 * 1.1125 = 89. totalSupply worth = 89 + 20.

            // -------------- 1. calculate ratioSupplyYield --------------------------------
            // step1: utilization * supplyRatio (or actually part of lenders receiving yield)

            // temp_ => supplyRatio (in 1e2: 100% = 10_000; 1% = 100 -> max value 16_383)
            // if first bit 0 then ratio is supplyInterestFree / supplyWithInterest (supplyWithInterest is bigger)
            // else ratio is supplyWithInterest / supplyInterestFree (supplyInterestFree is bigger)
            temp_ = (exchangePricesAndConfig_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_SUPPLY_RATIO) & X15;

            if (temp_ == 1) {
                // if no raw supply: no exchange price update needed
                // (if supplyRatio_ == 1 means there is only supplyInterestFree, as first bit is 1 and rest is 0)
                return (supplyExchangePrice_, borrowExchangePrice_);
            }

            // ratioSupplyYield precision is 1e27 as 100% for increased precision when supplyInterestFree > supplyWithInterest
            if (temp_ & 1 == 1) {
                // ratio is supplyWithInterest / supplyInterestFree (supplyInterestFree is bigger)
                temp_ = temp_ >> 1;

                // Note: case where temp_ == 0 (only supplyInterestFree, no yield) already covered by early return
                // in the if statement a little above.

                // based on above example but supplyRawInterest is 20, supplyInterestFree is 80. no fee.
                // supplyRawInterest must become worth 30. totalSupply must become 110.
                // supplyExchangePrice would have to go from 1 to 1,5. borrowExchangePrice from 1 to 1,2.
                // so ratioSupplyYield must come out as 2.5 (250%).
                // supplyRatio would be (20 * 10_000 / 80) = 2500. but must be inverted.
                temp_ = (1e27 * FOUR_DECIMALS) / temp_; // e.g. 1e31 / 2500 = 4e27. (* 1e27 for precision)
                // e.g. 5_000 * (1e27 + 4e27) / 1e27 = 25_000 (=250%).
                temp_ =
                    // utilization * (100% + 100% / supplyRatio)
                    (((exchangePricesAndConfig_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_UTILIZATION) & X14) *
                        (1e27 + temp_)) / // extract utilization (max 16_383 so there is no way this can overflow).
                    (FOUR_DECIMALS);
                // max possible value of temp_ here is 16383 * (1e27 + 1e31) / 1e4 = ~1.64e31
            } else {
                // ratio is supplyInterestFree / supplyWithInterest (supplyWithInterest is bigger)
                temp_ = temp_ >> 1;
                // if temp_ == 0 then only supplyWithInterest => full yield. temp_ is already 0

                // e.g. 5_000 * 10_000 + (20 * 10_000 / 80) / 10_000 = 5000 * 12500 / 10000 = 6250 (=62.5%).
                temp_ =
                    // 1e27 * utilization * (100% + supplyRatio) / 100%
                    (1e27 *
                        ((exchangePricesAndConfig_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_UTILIZATION) & X14) * // extract utilization (max 16_383 so there is no way this can overflow).
                        (FOUR_DECIMALS + temp_)) /
                    (FOUR_DECIMALS * FOUR_DECIMALS);
                // max possible temp_ value: 1e27 * 16383 * 2e4 / 1e8 = 3.2766e27
            }
            // from here temp_ => ratioSupplyYield (utilization * supplyRatio part) scaled by 1e27. max possible value ~1.64e31

            // step2 of ratioSupplyYield: add borrowRatio (only x% of borrowers paying yield)
            if (borrowRatio_ & 1 == 1) {
                // ratio is borrowWithInterest / borrowInterestFree (borrowInterestFree is bigger)
                borrowRatio_ = borrowRatio_ >> 1;
                // borrowRatio_ => x of total bororwers paying yield. scale to 1e27.

                // Note: case where borrowRatio_ == 0 (only borrowInterestFree, no yield) already covered
                // at the beginning of the method by early return if `borrowRatio_ == 1`.

                // based on above example but borrowRawInterest is 10, borrowInterestFree is 50. no fee. borrowRatio = 20%.
                // so only 16.66% of borrowers are paying yield. so the 100% - part of the formula is not needed.
                // x of borrowers paying yield = (borrowRatio / (100 + borrowRatio)) = 16.6666666%
                // borrowRatio_ => x of total bororwers paying yield. scale to 1e27.
                borrowRatio_ = (borrowRatio_ * 1e27) / (FOUR_DECIMALS + borrowRatio_);
                // max value here for borrowRatio_ is (1e31 / (1e4 + 1e4))= 5e26 (= 50% of borrowers paying yield).
            } else {
                // ratio is borrowInterestFree / borrowWithInterest (borrowWithInterest is bigger)
                borrowRatio_ = borrowRatio_ >> 1;

                // borrowRatio_ => x of total bororwers paying yield. scale to 1e27.
                // x of borrowers paying yield = 100% - (borrowRatio / (100 + borrowRatio)) = 100% - 16.6666666% = 83,333%.
                borrowRatio_ = (1e27 - ((borrowRatio_ * 1e27) / (FOUR_DECIMALS + borrowRatio_)));
                // borrowRatio can never be > 100%. so max subtraction can be 100% - 100% / 200%.
                // or if borrowRatio_ is 0 -> 100% - 0. or if borrowRatio_ is 1 -> 100% - 1 / 101.
                // max value here for borrowRatio_ is 1e27 - 0 = 1e27 (= 100% of borrowers paying yield).
            }

            // temp_ => ratioSupplyYield. scaled down from 1e25 = 1% each to normal percent precision 1e2 = 1%.
            // max nominator value is ~1.64e31 * 1e27 = 1.64e58. max result = 1.64e8
            temp_ = (FOUR_DECIMALS * temp_ * borrowRatio_) / 1e54;

            // 2. calculate supply rate
            // temp_ => supply rate (borrow rate  - revenueFee%) * ratioSupplyYield.
            // division part is done in next step to increase precision. (divided by 2x FOUR_DECIMALS, fee + borrowRate)
            // Note that all calculation divisions for supplyExchangePrice are rounded down.
            // Note supply rate can be bigger than the borrowRate, e.g. if there are only few lenders with interest
            // but more suppliers not earning interest.
            temp_ = ((exchangePricesAndConfig_ & X16) * // borrow rate
                temp_ * // ratioSupplyYield
                (FOUR_DECIMALS - ((exchangePricesAndConfig_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_FEE) & X14))); // revenueFee
            // fee can not be > 100%. max possible = 65535 * ~1.64e8 * 1e4 =~1.074774e17.

            // 3. calculate increase in supply exchange price
            supplyExchangePrice_ += ((supplyExchangePrice_ * temp_ * secondsSinceLastUpdate_) /
                (SECONDS_PER_YEAR * FOUR_DECIMALS * FOUR_DECIMALS * FOUR_DECIMALS));
            // max possible nominator = max uint 64 * 1.074774e17 * max uint32 = ~8.52e45. Denominator can not be 0.
        }
    }

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //////////                     CALC REVENUE                       /////////
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /// @dev gets the `revenueAmount_` for a token given its' totalAmounts and exchangePricesAndConfig from storage
    /// and the current balance of the Fluid liquidity contract for the token.
    /// @param totalAmounts_ total amounts packed uint256 read from storage
    /// @param exchangePricesAndConfig_ exchange prices and config packed uint256 read from storage
    /// @param liquidityTokenBalance_   current balance of Liquidity contract (IERC20(token_).balanceOf(address(this)))
    /// @return revenueAmount_ collectable revenue amount
    function calcRevenue(
        uint256 totalAmounts_,
        uint256 exchangePricesAndConfig_,
        uint256 liquidityTokenBalance_
    ) internal view returns (uint256 revenueAmount_) {
        // @dev no need to super-optimize this method as it is only used by admin

        // calculate the new exchange prices based on earned interest
        (uint256 supplyExchangePrice_, uint256 borrowExchangePrice_) = calcExchangePrices(exchangePricesAndConfig_);

        // total supply = interest free + with interest converted from raw
        uint256 totalSupply_ = getTotalSupply(totalAmounts_, supplyExchangePrice_);

        if (totalSupply_ > 0) {
            // available revenue: balanceOf(token) + totalBorrowings - totalLendings.
            revenueAmount_ = liquidityTokenBalance_ + getTotalBorrow(totalAmounts_, borrowExchangePrice_);
            // ensure there is no possible case because of rounding etc. where this would revert,
            // explicitly check if >
            revenueAmount_ = revenueAmount_ > totalSupply_ ? revenueAmount_ - totalSupply_ : 0;
            // Note: if utilization > 100% (totalSupply < totalBorrow), then all the amount above 100% utilization
            // can only be revenue.
        } else {
            // if supply is 0, then rest of balance can be withdrawn as revenue so that no amounts get stuck
            revenueAmount_ = liquidityTokenBalance_;
        }
    }

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //////////                      CALC LIMITS                       /////////
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /// @dev calculates withdrawal limit before an operate execution:
    /// amount of user supply that must stay supplied (not amount that can be withdrawn).
    /// i.e. if user has supplied 100m and can withdraw 5M, this method returns the 95M, not the withdrawable amount 5M
    /// @param userSupplyData_ user supply data packed uint256 from storage
    /// @param userSupply_ current user supply amount already extracted from `userSupplyData_` and converted from BigMath
    /// @return currentWithdrawalLimit_ current withdrawal limit updated for expansion since last interaction.
    ///         returned value is in raw for with interest mode, normal amount for interest free mode!
    function calcWithdrawalLimitBeforeOperate(
        uint256 userSupplyData_,
        uint256 userSupply_
    ) internal view returns (uint256 currentWithdrawalLimit_) {
        // @dev must support handling the case where timestamp is 0 (config is set but no interactions yet).
        // first tx where timestamp is 0 will enter `if (lastWithdrawalLimit_ == 0)` because lastWithdrawalLimit_ is not set yet.
        // returning max withdrawal allowed, which is not exactly right but doesn't matter because the first interaction must be
        // a deposit anyway. Important is that it would not revert.

        // Note the first time a deposit brings the user supply amount to above the base withdrawal limit, the active limit
        // is the fully expanded limit immediately.

        // extract last set withdrawal limit
        uint256 lastWithdrawalLimit_ = (userSupplyData_ >>
            LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_SUPPLY_PREVIOUS_WITHDRAWAL_LIMIT) & X64;
        lastWithdrawalLimit_ =
            (lastWithdrawalLimit_ >> DEFAULT_EXPONENT_SIZE) <<
            (lastWithdrawalLimit_ & DEFAULT_EXPONENT_MASK);
        if (lastWithdrawalLimit_ == 0) {
            // withdrawal limit is not activated. Max withdrawal allowed
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 maxWithdrawableLimit_;
        uint256 temp_;
        unchecked {
            // extract max withdrawable percent of user supply and
            // calculate maximum withdrawable amount expandPercentage of user supply at full expansion duration elapsed
            // e.g.: if 10% expandPercentage, meaning 10% is withdrawable after full expandDuration has elapsed.

            // userSupply_ needs to be atleast 1e73 to overflow max limit of ~1e77 in uint256 (no token in existence where this is possible).
            maxWithdrawableLimit_ =
                (((userSupplyData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_SUPPLY_EXPAND_PERCENT) & X14) * userSupply_) /
                FOUR_DECIMALS;

            // time elapsed since last withdrawal limit was set (in seconds)
            // @dev last process timestamp is guaranteed to exist for withdrawal, as a supply must have happened before.
            // last timestamp can not be > current timestamp
            temp_ =
                block.timestamp -
                ((userSupplyData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_SUPPLY_LAST_UPDATE_TIMESTAMP) & X33);
        }
        // calculate withdrawable amount of expandPercent that is elapsed of expandDuration.
        // e.g. if 60% of expandDuration has elapsed, then user should be able to withdraw 6% of user supply, down to 94%.
        // Note: no explicit check for this needed, it is covered by setting minWithdrawalLimit_ if needed.
        temp_ =
            (maxWithdrawableLimit_ * temp_) /
            // extract expand duration: After this, decrement won't happen (user can withdraw 100% of withdraw limit)
            ((userSupplyData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_SUPPLY_EXPAND_DURATION) & X24); // expand duration can never be 0
        // calculate expanded withdrawal limit: last withdrawal limit - withdrawable amount.
        // Note: withdrawable amount here can grow bigger than userSupply if timeElapsed is a lot bigger than expandDuration,
        // which would cause the subtraction `lastWithdrawalLimit_ - withdrawableAmount_` to revert. In that case, set 0
        // which will cause minimum (fully expanded) withdrawal limit to be set in lines below.
        unchecked {
            // underflow explicitly checked & handled
            currentWithdrawalLimit_ = lastWithdrawalLimit_ > temp_ ? lastWithdrawalLimit_ - temp_ : 0;
            // calculate minimum withdrawal limit: minimum amount of user supply that must stay supplied at full expansion.
            // subtraction can not underflow as maxWithdrawableLimit_ is a percentage amount (<=100%) of userSupply_
            temp_ = userSupply_ - maxWithdrawableLimit_;
        }
        // if withdrawal limit is decreased below minimum then set minimum
        // (e.g. when more than expandDuration time has elapsed)
        if (temp_ > currentWithdrawalLimit_) {
            currentWithdrawalLimit_ = temp_;
        }
    }

    /// @dev calculates withdrawal limit after an operate execution:
    /// amount of user supply that must stay supplied (not amount that can be withdrawn).
    /// i.e. if user has supplied 100m and can withdraw 5M, this method returns the 95M, not the withdrawable amount 5M
    /// @param userSupplyData_ user supply data packed uint256 from storage
    /// @param userSupply_ current user supply amount already extracted from `userSupplyData_` and added / subtracted with the executed operate amount
    /// @param newWithdrawalLimit_ current withdrawal limit updated for expansion since last interaction, result from `calcWithdrawalLimitBeforeOperate`
    /// @return withdrawalLimit_ updated withdrawal limit that should be written to storage. returned value is in
    ///                          raw for with interest mode, normal amount for interest free mode!
    function calcWithdrawalLimitAfterOperate(
        uint256 userSupplyData_,
        uint256 userSupply_,
        uint256 newWithdrawalLimit_
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // temp_ => base withdrawal limit. below this, maximum withdrawals are allowed
        uint256 temp_ = (userSupplyData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_SUPPLY_BASE_WITHDRAWAL_LIMIT) & X18;
        temp_ = (temp_ >> DEFAULT_EXPONENT_SIZE) << (temp_ & DEFAULT_EXPONENT_MASK);

        // if user supply is below base limit then max withdrawals are allowed
        if (userSupply_ < temp_) {
            return 0;
        }
        // temp_ => withdrawal limit expandPercent (is in 1e2 decimals)
        temp_ = (userSupplyData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_SUPPLY_EXPAND_PERCENT) & X14;
        unchecked {
            // temp_ => minimum withdrawal limit: userSupply - max withdrawable limit (userSupply * expandPercent))
            // userSupply_ needs to be atleast 1e73 to overflow max limit of ~1e77 in uint256 (no token in existence where this is possible).
            // subtraction can not underflow as maxWithdrawableLimit_ is a percentage amount (<=100%) of userSupply_
            temp_ = userSupply_ - ((userSupply_ * temp_) / FOUR_DECIMALS);
        }
        // if new (before operation) withdrawal limit is less than minimum limit then set minimum limit.
        // e.g. can happen on new deposits. withdrawal limit is instantly fully expanded in a scenario where
        // increased deposit amount outpaces withrawals.
        if (temp_ > newWithdrawalLimit_) {
            return temp_;
        }
        return newWithdrawalLimit_;
    }

    /// @dev calculates borrow limit before an operate execution:
    /// total amount user borrow can reach (not borrowable amount in current operation).
    /// i.e. if user has borrowed 50M and can still borrow 5M, this method returns the total 55M, not the borrowable amount 5M
    /// @param userBorrowData_ user borrow data packed uint256 from storage
    /// @param userBorrow_ current user borrow amount already extracted from `userBorrowData_`
    /// @return currentBorrowLimit_ current borrow limit updated for expansion since last interaction. returned value is in
    ///                             raw for with interest mode, normal amount for interest free mode!
    function calcBorrowLimitBeforeOperate(
        uint256 userBorrowData_,
        uint256 userBorrow_
    ) internal view returns (uint256 currentBorrowLimit_) {
        // @dev must support handling the case where timestamp is 0 (config is set but no interactions yet) -> base limit.
        // first tx where timestamp is 0 will enter `if (maxExpandedBorrowLimit_ < baseBorrowLimit_)` because `userBorrow_` and thus
        // `maxExpansionLimit_` and thus `maxExpandedBorrowLimit_` is 0 and `baseBorrowLimit_` can not be 0.

        // temp_ = extract borrow expand percent (is in 1e2 decimals)
        uint256 temp_ = (userBorrowData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_BORROW_EXPAND_PERCENT) & X14;

        uint256 maxExpansionLimit_;
        uint256 maxExpandedBorrowLimit_;
        unchecked {
            // calculate max expansion limit: Max amount limit can expand to since last interaction
            // userBorrow_ needs to be atleast 1e73 to overflow max limit of ~1e77 in uint256 (no token in existence where this is possible).
            maxExpansionLimit_ = ((userBorrow_ * temp_) / FOUR_DECIMALS);

            // calculate max borrow limit: Max point limit can increase to since last interaction
            maxExpandedBorrowLimit_ = userBorrow_ + maxExpansionLimit_;
        }

        // currentBorrowLimit_ = extract base borrow limit
        currentBorrowLimit_ = (userBorrowData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_BORROW_BASE_BORROW_LIMIT) & X18;
        currentBorrowLimit_ =
            (currentBorrowLimit_ >> DEFAULT_EXPONENT_SIZE) <<
            (currentBorrowLimit_ & DEFAULT_EXPONENT_MASK);

        if (maxExpandedBorrowLimit_ < currentBorrowLimit_) {
            return currentBorrowLimit_;
        }
        // time elapsed since last borrow limit was set (in seconds)
        unchecked {
            // temp_ = timeElapsed_ (last timestamp can not be > current timestamp)
            temp_ =
                block.timestamp -
                ((userBorrowData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_BORROW_LAST_UPDATE_TIMESTAMP) & X33); // extract last update timestamp
        }

        // currentBorrowLimit_ = expandedBorrowableAmount + extract last set borrow limit
        currentBorrowLimit_ =
            // calculate borrow limit expansion since last interaction for `expandPercent` that is elapsed of `expandDuration`.
            // divisor is extract expand duration (after this, full expansion to expandPercentage happened).
            ((maxExpansionLimit_ * temp_) /
                ((userBorrowData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_BORROW_EXPAND_DURATION) & X24)) + // expand duration can never be 0
            //  extract last set borrow limit
            BigMathMinified.fromBigNumber(
                (userBorrowData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_BORROW_PREVIOUS_BORROW_LIMIT) & X64,
                DEFAULT_EXPONENT_SIZE,
                DEFAULT_EXPONENT_MASK
            );

        // if timeElapsed is bigger than expandDuration, new borrow limit would be > max expansion,
        // so set to `maxExpandedBorrowLimit_` in that case.
        // also covers the case where last process timestamp = 0 (timeElapsed would simply be very big)
        if (currentBorrowLimit_ > maxExpandedBorrowLimit_) {
            currentBorrowLimit_ = maxExpandedBorrowLimit_;
        }
        // temp_ = extract hard max borrow limit. Above this user can never borrow (not expandable above)
        temp_ = (userBorrowData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_BORROW_MAX_BORROW_LIMIT) & X18;
        temp_ = (temp_ >> DEFAULT_EXPONENT_SIZE) << (temp_ & DEFAULT_EXPONENT_MASK);

        if (currentBorrowLimit_ > temp_) {
            currentBorrowLimit_ = temp_;
        }
    }

    /// @dev calculates borrow limit after an operate execution:
    /// total amount user borrow can reach (not borrowable amount in current operation).
    /// i.e. if user has borrowed 50M and can still borrow 5M, this method returns the total 55M, not the borrowable amount 5M
    /// @param userBorrowData_ user borrow data packed uint256 from storage
    /// @param userBorrow_ current user borrow amount already extracted from `userBorrowData_` and added / subtracted with the executed operate amount
    /// @param newBorrowLimit_ current borrow limit updated for expansion since last interaction, result from `calcBorrowLimitBeforeOperate`
    /// @return borrowLimit_ updated borrow limit that should be written to storage.
    ///                      returned value is in raw for with interest mode, normal amount for interest free mode!
    function calcBorrowLimitAfterOperate(
        uint256 userBorrowData_,
        uint256 userBorrow_,
        uint256 newBorrowLimit_
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 borrowLimit_) {
        // temp_ = extract borrow expand percent
        uint256 temp_ = (userBorrowData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_BORROW_EXPAND_PERCENT) & X14; // (is in 1e2 decimals)

        unchecked {
            // borrowLimit_ = calculate maximum borrow limit at full expansion.
            // userBorrow_ needs to be at least 1e73 to overflow max limit of ~1e77 in uint256 (no token in existence where this is possible).
            borrowLimit_ = userBorrow_ + ((userBorrow_ * temp_) / FOUR_DECIMALS);
        }

        // temp_ = extract base borrow limit
        temp_ = (userBorrowData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_BORROW_BASE_BORROW_LIMIT) & X18;
        temp_ = (temp_ >> DEFAULT_EXPONENT_SIZE) << (temp_ & DEFAULT_EXPONENT_MASK);

        if (borrowLimit_ < temp_) {
            // below base limit, borrow limit is always base limit
            return temp_;
        }
        // temp_ = extract hard max borrow limit. Above this user can never borrow (not expandable above)
        temp_ = (userBorrowData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_BORROW_MAX_BORROW_LIMIT) & X18;
        temp_ = (temp_ >> DEFAULT_EXPONENT_SIZE) << (temp_ & DEFAULT_EXPONENT_MASK);

        // make sure fully expanded borrow limit is not above hard max borrow limit
        if (borrowLimit_ > temp_) {
            borrowLimit_ = temp_;
        }
        // if new borrow limit (from before operate) is > max borrow limit, set max borrow limit.
        // (e.g. on a repay shrinking instantly to fully expanded borrow limit from new borrow amount. shrinking is instant)
        if (newBorrowLimit_ > borrowLimit_) {
            return borrowLimit_;
        }
        return newBorrowLimit_;
    }

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //////////                      CALC RATES                        /////////
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /// @dev Calculates new borrow rate from utilization for a token
    /// @param rateData_ rate data packed uint256 from storage for the token
    /// @param utilization_ totalBorrow / totalSupply. 1e4 = 100% utilization
    /// @return rate_ rate for that particular token in 1e2 precision (e.g. 5% rate = 500)
    function calcBorrowRateFromUtilization(uint256 rateData_, uint256 utilization_) internal returns (uint256 rate_) {
        // extract rate version: 4 bits (0xF) starting from bit 0
        uint256 rateVersion_ = (rateData_ & 0xF);

        if (rateVersion_ == 1) {
            rate_ = calcRateV1(rateData_, utilization_);
        } else if (rateVersion_ == 2) {
            rate_ = calcRateV2(rateData_, utilization_);
        } else {
            revert FluidLiquidityCalcsError(ErrorTypes.LiquidityCalcs__UnsupportedRateVersion);
        }

        if (rate_ > X16) {
            // hard cap for borrow rate at maximum value 16 bits (65535) to make sure it does not overflow storage space.
            // this is unlikely to ever happen if configs stay within expected levels.
            rate_ = X16;
            // emit event to more easily become aware
            emit BorrowRateMaxCap();
        }
    }

    /// @dev calculates the borrow rate based on utilization for rate data version 1 (with one kink) in 1e2 precision
    /// @param rateData_ rate data packed uint256 from storage for the token
    /// @param utilization_  in 1e2 (100% = 1e4)
    /// @return rate_ rate in 1e2 precision
    function calcRateV1(uint256 rateData_, uint256 utilization_) internal pure returns (uint256 rate_) {
        /// For rate v1 (one kink) ------------------------------------------------------
        /// Next 16  bits =>  4 - 19 => Rate at utilization 0% (in 1e2: 100% = 10_000; 1% = 100 -> max value 65535)
        /// Next 16  bits =>  20- 35 => Utilization at kink1 (in 1e2: 100% = 10_000; 1% = 100 -> max value 65535)
        /// Next 16  bits =>  36- 51 => Rate at utilization kink1 (in 1e2: 100% = 10_000; 1% = 100 -> max value 65535)
        /// Next 16  bits =>  52- 67 => Rate at utilization 100% (in 1e2: 100% = 10_000; 1% = 100 -> max value 65535)
        /// Last 188 bits =>  68-255 => blank, might come in use in future

        // y = mx + c.
        // y is borrow rate
        // x is utilization
        // m = slope (m can also be negative for declining rates)
        // c is constant (c can be negative)

        uint256 y1_;
        uint256 y2_;
        uint256 x1_;
        uint256 x2_;

        // extract kink1: 16 bits (0xFFFF) starting from bit 20
        // kink is in 1e2, same as utilization, so no conversion needed for direct comparison of the two
        uint256 kink1_ = (rateData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_RATE_DATA_V1_UTILIZATION_AT_KINK) & X16;
        if (utilization_ < kink1_) {
            // if utilization is less than kink
            y1_ = (rateData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_RATE_DATA_V1_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_ZERO) & X16;
            y2_ = (rateData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_RATE_DATA_V1_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_KINK) & X16;
            x1_ = 0; // 0%
            x2_ = kink1_;
        } else {
            // else utilization is greater than kink
            y1_ = (rateData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_RATE_DATA_V1_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_KINK) & X16;
            y2_ = (rateData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_RATE_DATA_V1_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_MAX) & X16;
            x1_ = kink1_;
            x2_ = FOUR_DECIMALS; // 100%
        }

        int256 constant_;
        int256 slope_;
        unchecked {
            // calculating slope with twelve decimal precision. m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1).
            // utilization of x2 can not be <= utilization of x1 (so no underflow or 0 divisor)
            // y is in 1e2 so can not overflow when multiplied with TWELVE_DECIMALS
            slope_ = (int256(y2_ - y1_) * int256(TWELVE_DECIMALS)) / int256((x2_ - x1_));

            // calculating constant at 12 decimal precision. slope is already in 12 decimal hence only multiple with y1. c = y - mx.
            // maximum y1_ value is 65535. 65535 * 1e12 can not overflow int256
            // maximum slope is 65535 - 0 * TWELVE_DECIMALS / 1 = 65535 * 1e12;
            // maximum x1_ is 100% (9_999 actually) => slope_ * x1_ can not overflow int256
            // subtraction most extreme case would be  0 - max value slope_ * x1_ => can not underflow int256
            constant_ = int256(y1_ * TWELVE_DECIMALS) - (slope_ * int256(x1_));

            // calculating new borrow rate
            // - slope_ max value is 65535 * 1e12,
            // - utilization max value is let's say 500% (extreme case where borrow rate increases borrow amount without new supply)
            // - constant max value is 65535 * 1e12
            // so max values are 65535 * 1e12 * 50_000 + 65535 * 1e12 -> 3.2768*10^21, which easily fits int256
            // divisor TWELVE_DECIMALS can not be 0
            slope_ = (slope_ * int256(utilization_)) + constant_; // reusing `slope_` as variable for gas savings
            if (slope_ < 0) {
                revert FluidLiquidityCalcsError(ErrorTypes.LiquidityCalcs__BorrowRateNegative);
            }
            rate_ = uint256(slope_) / TWELVE_DECIMALS;
        }
    }

    /// @dev calculates the borrow rate based on utilization for rate data version 2 (with two kinks) in 1e4 precision
    /// @param rateData_ rate data packed uint256 from storage for the token
    /// @param utilization_  in 1e2 (100% = 1e4)
    /// @return rate_ rate in 1e4 precision
    function calcRateV2(uint256 rateData_, uint256 utilization_) internal pure returns (uint256 rate_) {
        /// For rate v2 (two kinks) -----------------------------------------------------
        /// Next 16  bits =>  4 - 19 => Rate at utilization 0% (in 1e2: 100% = 10_000; 1% = 100 -> max value 65535)
        /// Next 16  bits =>  20- 35 => Utilization at kink1 (in 1e2: 100% = 10_000; 1% = 100 -> max value 65535)
        /// Next 16  bits =>  36- 51 => Rate at utilization kink1 (in 1e2: 100% = 10_000; 1% = 100 -> max value 65535)
        /// Next 16  bits =>  52- 67 => Utilization at kink2 (in 1e2: 100% = 10_000; 1% = 100 -> max value 65535)
        /// Next 16  bits =>  68- 83 => Rate at utilization kink2 (in 1e2: 100% = 10_000; 1% = 100 -> max value 65535)
        /// Next 16  bits =>  84- 99 => Rate at utilization 100% (in 1e2: 100% = 10_000; 1% = 100 -> max value 65535)
        /// Last 156 bits => 100-255 => blank, might come in use in future

        // y = mx + c.
        // y is borrow rate
        // x is utilization
        // m = slope (m can also be negative for declining rates)
        // c is constant (c can be negative)

        uint256 y1_;
        uint256 y2_;
        uint256 x1_;
        uint256 x2_;

        // extract kink1: 16 bits (0xFFFF) starting from bit 20
        // kink is in 1e2, same as utilization, so no conversion needed for direct comparison of the two
        uint256 kink1_ = (rateData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_UTILIZATION_AT_KINK1) & X16;
        if (utilization_ < kink1_) {
            // if utilization is less than kink1
            y1_ = (rateData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_ZERO) & X16;
            y2_ = (rateData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_KINK1) & X16;
            x1_ = 0; // 0%
            x2_ = kink1_;
        } else {
            // extract kink2: 16 bits (0xFFFF) starting from bit 52
            uint256 kink2_ = (rateData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_UTILIZATION_AT_KINK2) & X16;
            if (utilization_ < kink2_) {
                // if utilization is less than kink2
                y1_ = (rateData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_KINK1) & X16;
                y2_ = (rateData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_KINK2) & X16;
                x1_ = kink1_;
                x2_ = kink2_;
            } else {
                // else utilization is greater than kink2
                y1_ = (rateData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_KINK2) & X16;
                y2_ = (rateData_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_MAX) & X16;
                x1_ = kink2_;
                x2_ = FOUR_DECIMALS;
            }
        }

        int256 constant_;
        int256 slope_;
        unchecked {
            // calculating slope with twelve decimal precision. m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1).
            // utilization of x2 can not be <= utilization of x1 (so no underflow or 0 divisor)
            // y is in 1e2 so can not overflow when multiplied with TWELVE_DECIMALS
            slope_ = (int256(y2_ - y1_) * int256(TWELVE_DECIMALS)) / int256((x2_ - x1_));

            // calculating constant at 12 decimal precision. slope is already in 12 decimal hence only multiple with y1. c = y - mx.
            // maximum y1_ value is 65535. 65535 * 1e12 can not overflow int256
            // maximum slope is 65535 - 0 * TWELVE_DECIMALS / 1 = 65535 * 1e12;
            // maximum x1_ is 100% (9_999 actually) => slope_ * x1_ can not overflow int256
            // subtraction most extreme case would be  0 - max value slope_ * x1_ => can not underflow int256
            constant_ = int256(y1_ * TWELVE_DECIMALS) - (slope_ * int256(x1_));

            // calculating new borrow rate
            // - slope_ max value is 65535 * 1e12,
            // - utilization max value is let's say 500% (extreme case where borrow rate increases borrow amount without new supply)
            // - constant max value is 65535 * 1e12
            // so max values are 65535 * 1e12 * 50_000 + 65535 * 1e12 -> 3.2768*10^21, which easily fits int256
            // divisor TWELVE_DECIMALS can not be 0
            slope_ = (slope_ * int256(utilization_)) + constant_; // reusing `slope_` as variable for gas savings
            if (slope_ < 0) {
                revert FluidLiquidityCalcsError(ErrorTypes.LiquidityCalcs__BorrowRateNegative);
            }
            rate_ = uint256(slope_) / TWELVE_DECIMALS;
        }
    }

    /// @dev reads the total supply out of Liquidity packed storage `totalAmounts_` for `supplyExchangePrice_`
    function getTotalSupply(
        uint256 totalAmounts_,
        uint256 supplyExchangePrice_
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 totalSupply_) {
        // totalSupply_ => supplyInterestFree
        totalSupply_ = (totalAmounts_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_TOTAL_AMOUNTS_SUPPLY_INTEREST_FREE) & X64;
        totalSupply_ = (totalSupply_ >> DEFAULT_EXPONENT_SIZE) << (totalSupply_ & DEFAULT_EXPONENT_MASK);

        uint256 totalSupplyRaw_ = totalAmounts_ & X64; // no shifting as supplyRaw is first 64 bits
        totalSupplyRaw_ = (totalSupplyRaw_ >> DEFAULT_EXPONENT_SIZE) << (totalSupplyRaw_ & DEFAULT_EXPONENT_MASK);

        // totalSupply = supplyInterestFree + supplyRawInterest normalized from raw
        totalSupply_ += ((totalSupplyRaw_ * supplyExchangePrice_) / EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION);
    }

    /// @dev reads the total borrow out of Liquidity packed storage `totalAmounts_` for `borrowExchangePrice_`
    function getTotalBorrow(
        uint256 totalAmounts_,
        uint256 borrowExchangePrice_
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 totalBorrow_) {
        // totalBorrow_ => borrowInterestFree
        // no & mask needed for borrow interest free as it occupies the last bits in the storage slot
        totalBorrow_ = (totalAmounts_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_TOTAL_AMOUNTS_BORROW_INTEREST_FREE);
        totalBorrow_ = (totalBorrow_ >> DEFAULT_EXPONENT_SIZE) << (totalBorrow_ & DEFAULT_EXPONENT_MASK);

        uint256 totalBorrowRaw_ = (totalAmounts_ >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_TOTAL_AMOUNTS_BORROW_WITH_INTEREST) & X64;
        totalBorrowRaw_ = (totalBorrowRaw_ >> DEFAULT_EXPONENT_SIZE) << (totalBorrowRaw_ & DEFAULT_EXPONENT_MASK);

        // totalBorrow = borrowInterestFree + borrowRawInterest normalized from raw
        totalBorrow_ += ((totalBorrowRaw_ * borrowExchangePrice_) / EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

/// @notice library that helps in reading / working with storage slot data of Fluid Liquidity.
/// @dev as all data for Fluid Liquidity is internal, any data must be fetched directly through manual
/// slot reading through this library or, if gas usage is less important, through the FluidLiquidityResolver.
library LiquiditySlotsLink {
    /// @dev storage slot for status at Liquidity
    uint256 internal constant LIQUIDITY_STATUS_SLOT = 1;
    /// @dev storage slot for auths mapping at Liquidity
    uint256 internal constant LIQUIDITY_AUTHS_MAPPING_SLOT = 2;
    /// @dev storage slot for guardians mapping at Liquidity
    uint256 internal constant LIQUIDITY_GUARDIANS_MAPPING_SLOT = 3;
    /// @dev storage slot for user class mapping at Liquidity
    uint256 internal constant LIQUIDITY_USER_CLASS_MAPPING_SLOT = 4;
    /// @dev storage slot for exchangePricesAndConfig mapping at Liquidity
    uint256 internal constant LIQUIDITY_EXCHANGE_PRICES_MAPPING_SLOT = 5;
    /// @dev storage slot for rateData mapping at Liquidity
    uint256 internal constant LIQUIDITY_RATE_DATA_MAPPING_SLOT = 6;
    /// @dev storage slot for totalAmounts mapping at Liquidity
    uint256 internal constant LIQUIDITY_TOTAL_AMOUNTS_MAPPING_SLOT = 7;
    /// @dev storage slot for user supply double mapping at Liquidity
    uint256 internal constant LIQUIDITY_USER_SUPPLY_DOUBLE_MAPPING_SLOT = 8;
    /// @dev storage slot for user borrow double mapping at Liquidity
    uint256 internal constant LIQUIDITY_USER_BORROW_DOUBLE_MAPPING_SLOT = 9;
    /// @dev storage slot for listed tokens array at Liquidity
    uint256 internal constant LIQUIDITY_LISTED_TOKENS_ARRAY_SLOT = 10;
    /// @dev storage slot for listed tokens array at Liquidity
    uint256 internal constant LIQUIDITY_CONFIGS2_MAPPING_SLOT = 11;

    // --------------------------------
    // @dev stacked uint256 storage slots bits position data for each:

    // ExchangePricesAndConfig
    uint256 internal constant BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_BORROW_RATE = 0;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_FEE = 16;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_UTILIZATION = 30;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_UPDATE_THRESHOLD = 44;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_LAST_TIMESTAMP = 58;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_SUPPLY_EXCHANGE_PRICE = 91;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_BORROW_EXCHANGE_PRICE = 155;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_SUPPLY_RATIO = 219;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_BORROW_RATIO = 234;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_USES_CONFIGS2 = 249;

    // RateData:
    uint256 internal constant BITS_RATE_DATA_VERSION = 0;
    // RateData: V1
    uint256 internal constant BITS_RATE_DATA_V1_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_ZERO = 4;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_RATE_DATA_V1_UTILIZATION_AT_KINK = 20;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_RATE_DATA_V1_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_KINK = 36;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_RATE_DATA_V1_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_MAX = 52;
    // RateData: V2
    uint256 internal constant BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_ZERO = 4;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_UTILIZATION_AT_KINK1 = 20;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_KINK1 = 36;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_UTILIZATION_AT_KINK2 = 52;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_KINK2 = 68;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_RATE_DATA_V2_RATE_AT_UTILIZATION_MAX = 84;

    // TotalAmounts
    uint256 internal constant BITS_TOTAL_AMOUNTS_SUPPLY_WITH_INTEREST = 0;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_TOTAL_AMOUNTS_SUPPLY_INTEREST_FREE = 64;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_TOTAL_AMOUNTS_BORROW_WITH_INTEREST = 128;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_TOTAL_AMOUNTS_BORROW_INTEREST_FREE = 192;

    // UserSupplyData
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_SUPPLY_MODE = 0;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_SUPPLY_AMOUNT = 1;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_SUPPLY_PREVIOUS_WITHDRAWAL_LIMIT = 65;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_SUPPLY_LAST_UPDATE_TIMESTAMP = 129;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_SUPPLY_EXPAND_PERCENT = 162;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_SUPPLY_EXPAND_DURATION = 176;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_SUPPLY_BASE_WITHDRAWAL_LIMIT = 200;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_SUPPLY_IS_PAUSED = 255;

    // UserBorrowData
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_BORROW_MODE = 0;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_BORROW_AMOUNT = 1;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_BORROW_PREVIOUS_BORROW_LIMIT = 65;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_BORROW_LAST_UPDATE_TIMESTAMP = 129;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_BORROW_EXPAND_PERCENT = 162;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_BORROW_EXPAND_DURATION = 176;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_BORROW_BASE_BORROW_LIMIT = 200;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_BORROW_MAX_BORROW_LIMIT = 218;
    uint256 internal constant BITS_USER_BORROW_IS_PAUSED = 255;

    // Configs2
    uint256 internal constant BITS_CONFIGS2_MAX_UTILIZATION = 0;

    // --------------------------------

    /// @notice Calculating the slot ID for Liquidity contract for single mapping at `slot_` for `key_`
    function calculateMappingStorageSlot(uint256 slot_, address key_) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(key_, slot_));
    }

    /// @notice Calculating the slot ID for Liquidity contract for double mapping at `slot_` for `key1_` and `key2_`
    function calculateDoubleMappingStorageSlot(
        uint256 slot_,
        address key1_,
        address key2_
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 intermediateSlot_ = keccak256(abi.encode(key1_, slot_));
        return keccak256(abi.encode(key2_, intermediateSlot_));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;


import { IFluidOracle } from "../../../../oracle/fluidOracle.sol";

import { TickMath } from "../../../../libraries/tickMath.sol";
import { BigMathMinified } from "../../../../libraries/bigMathMinified.sol";
import { BigMathVault } from "../../../../libraries/bigMathVault.sol";
import { LiquidityCalcs } from "../../../../libraries/liquidityCalcs.sol";
import { SafeTransfer } from "../../../../libraries/safeTransfer.sol";

import { Helpers } from "./helpers.sol";
import { LiquiditySlotsLink } from "../../../../libraries/liquiditySlotsLink.sol";

import { ErrorTypes } from "../../errorTypes.sol";

/// @notice Fluid "VaultT1" (Vault Type 1). Fluid vault protocol main contract.
///         Fluid Vault protocol is a borrow / lending protocol, allowing users to create collateral / borrow positions.
///         All funds are deposited into / borrowed from Fluid Liquidity layer.
///         Positions are represented through NFTs minted by the VaultFactory.
///         Deployed by "VaultFactory" and linked together with VaultT1 AdminModule `ADMIN_IMPLEMENTATION` and
///         FluidVaultT1Secondary (main2.sol) `SECONDARY_IMPLEMENTATION`.
///         AdminModule & FluidVaultT1Secondary methods are delegateCalled, if the msg.sender has the required authorization.
///         This contract links to an Oracle, which is used to assess collateral / debt value. Oracles implement the
///         "FluidOracle" base contract and return the price in 1e27 precision.
/// @dev    For view methods / accessing data, use the "VaultResolver" periphery contract.
//
// vaults can only be deployed for tokens that are listed at Liquidity (constructor reverts otherwise
// if either the exchange price for the supply token or the borrow token is still not set at Liquidity).
contract FluidVaultT1 is Helpers {
    using BigMathMinified for uint256;
    using BigMathVault for uint256;

    /// @dev Single function which handles supply, withdraw, borrow & payback
    /// @param nftId_ NFT ID for interaction. If 0 then create new NFT/position.
    /// @param newCol_ new collateral. If positive then deposit, if negative then withdraw, if 0 then do nohing
    /// @param newDebt_ new debt. If positive then borrow, if negative then payback, if 0 then do nohing
    /// @param to_ address where withdraw or borrow should go. If address(0) then msg.sender
    /// @return nftId_ if 0 then this returns the newly created NFT Id else returns the same NFT ID
    /// @return newCol_ final supply amount. Mainly if max withdraw using type(int).min then this is useful to get perfect amount else remain same as newCol_
    /// @return newDebt_ final borrow amount. Mainly if max payback using type(int).min then this is useful to get perfect amount else remain same as newDebt_
    function operate(
        uint256 nftId_, // if 0 then new position
        int256 newCol_, // if negative then withdraw
        int256 newDebt_, // if negative then payback
        address to_ // address at which the borrow & withdraw amount should go to. If address(0) then it'll go to msg.sender
    )
        public
        payable
        returns (
            uint256, // nftId_
            int256, // final supply amount. if - then withdraw
            int256 // final borrow amount. if - then payback
        )
    {
        uint256 vaultVariables_ = vaultVariables;
        // re-entrancy check
        if (vaultVariables_ & 1 == 0) {
            // Updating on storage
            vaultVariables = vaultVariables_ | 1;
        } else {
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__AlreadyEntered);
        }

        if (
            (newCol_ == 0 && newDebt_ == 0) ||
            // withdrawal or deposit cannot be too small
            ((newCol_ != 0) && (newCol_ > -10000 && newCol_ < 10000)) ||
            // borrow or payback cannot be too small
            ((newDebt_ != 0) && (newDebt_ > -10000 && newDebt_ < 10000))
        ) {
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidOperateAmount);
        }

        // Check msg.value aligns with input amounts if supply or borrow token is native token.
        // Note that it's not possible for a vault to have both supply token and borrow token as native token.
        if (SUPPLY_TOKEN == NATIVE_TOKEN && newCol_ > 0) {
            if (uint(newCol_) != msg.value) {
                revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidMsgValueOperate);
            }
        } else if (msg.value > 0) {
            if (!(BORROW_TOKEN == NATIVE_TOKEN && newDebt_ < 0)) {
                // msg.value sent along for withdraw, borrow, or non-native token operations
                revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidMsgValueOperate);
            }
        }

        OperateMemoryVars memory o_;
        // Temporary variables used as helpers at many places
        uint256 temp_;
        uint256 temp2_;
        int256 temp3_;

        o_.vaultVariables2 = vaultVariables2;

        temp_ = (vaultVariables_ >> 2) & X20;
        unchecked {
            o_.topTick = (temp_ == 0) ? type(int).min : ((temp_ & 1) == 1)
                ? int((temp_ >> 1) & X19)
                : -int((temp_ >> 1) & X19);
        }

        {
            // Fetching user's position
            if (nftId_ == 0) {
                // creating new position.
                o_.tick = type(int).min;
                // minting new NFT vault for user.
                nftId_ = VAULT_FACTORY.mint(VAULT_ID, msg.sender);
                // Adding 1 in total positions. Total positions cannot exceed 32bits as NFT minting checks for that
                unchecked {
                    vaultVariables_ = vaultVariables_ + (1 << 210);
                }
            } else {
                // Updating existing position

                // checking owner only in case of withdraw or borrow
                if ((newCol_ < 0 || newDebt_ > 0) && (VAULT_FACTORY.ownerOf(nftId_) != msg.sender)) {
                    revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__NotAnOwner);
                }

                // temp_ => user's position data
                temp_ = positionData[nftId_];

                if (temp_ == 0) {
                    revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__NftNotOfThisVault);
                }
                // temp2_ => user's supply amount
                temp2_ = (temp_ >> 45) & X64;
                // Converting big number into normal number
                o_.colRaw = (temp2_ >> 8) << (temp2_ & X8);
                // temp2_ => user's  dust debt amount
                temp2_ = (temp_ >> 109) & X64;
                // Converting big number into normal number
                o_.dustDebtRaw = (temp2_ >> 8) << (temp2_ & X8);

                // 1 is supply & 0 is borrow
                if (temp_ & 1 == 1) {
                    // only supply position (has no debt)
                    o_.tick = type(int).min;
                } else {
                    // borrow position (has collateral & debt)
                    unchecked {
                        o_.tick = temp_ & 2 == 2 ? int((temp_ >> 2) & X19) : -int((temp_ >> 2) & X19);
                    }
                    o_.tickId = (temp_ >> 21) & X24;
                }
            }
        }

        // Get latest updated Position's debt & supply (if position is with debt -> not new / supply position)
        if (o_.tick > type(int).min) {
            // if entering this if statement then temp_ here will always be user's position data
            // extracting collateral exponent
            temp_ = (temp_ >> 45) & X8;
            // if exponent is > 0 then rounding up the collateral just for calculating debt
            unchecked {
                temp_ = temp_ == 0 ? (o_.colRaw + 1) : o_.colRaw + (1 << temp_);
            }
            // fetch current debt
            o_.debtRaw = ((TickMath.getRatioAtTick(int24(o_.tick)) * temp_) >> 96) + 1;

            // Tick data from user's tick
            temp_ = tickData[o_.tick];

            // Checking if tick is liquidated (first bit 1) OR if the total IDs of tick is greater than user's tick ID
            if (((temp_ & 1) == 1) || (((temp_ >> 1) & X24) > o_.tickId)) {
                // User got liquidated
                (
                    // returns the position of the user if the user got liquidated.
                    o_.tick,
                    o_.debtRaw,
                    o_.colRaw,
                    temp2_, // final branchId from liquidation where position exist right now
                    o_.branchData
                ) = fetchLatestPosition(o_.tick, o_.tickId, o_.debtRaw, temp_);

                if (o_.debtRaw > o_.dustDebtRaw) {
                    // temp_ => branch's Debt
                    temp_ = (o_.branchData >> 52) & X64;
                    temp_ = (temp_ >> 8) << (temp_ & X8);

                    // o_.debtRaw should always be < branch's Debt (temp_).
                    // Taking margin (0.01%) in fetchLatestPosition to make sure it's always less
                    temp_ -= o_.debtRaw;
                    if (temp_ < 100) {
                        // explicitly making sure that branch debt/liquidity doesn't get super low.
                        temp_ = 100;
                    }
                    // Inserting updated branch's debt
                    branchData[temp2_] =
                        (o_.branchData & 0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff0000000000000000fffffffffffff) |
                        (temp_.toBigNumber(56, 8, BigMathMinified.ROUND_UP) << 52);

                    unchecked {
                        // Converted positionRawDebt_ in net position debt
                        o_.debtRaw -= o_.dustDebtRaw;
                    }
                } else {
                    // Liquidated 100% or almost 100%
                    // absorbing dust debt
                    absorbedDustDebt = absorbedDustDebt + o_.dustDebtRaw - o_.debtRaw;
                    o_.debtRaw = 0;
                    o_.colRaw = 0;
                }
            } else {
                // User didn't got liquidated
                // Removing user's debt from tick data
                // temp2_ => debt in tick
                temp2_ = (temp_ >> 25) & X64;
                // below require can fail when a user liquidity is extremely low (talking about way less than even $1)
                // adding require meaning this vault user won't be able to interact unless someone makes the liquidity in tick as non 0.
                // reason of adding is the tick has already removed from everywhere. Can removing it again break something? Better to simply remove that case entirely
                if (temp2_ == 0) {
                    revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__TickIsEmpty);
                }
                // Converting big number into normal number
                temp2_ = (temp2_ >> 8) << (temp2_ & X8);
                // debtInTick (temp2_) < debtToRemove (o_.debtRaw) that means minor precision error. Hence make the debtInTick as 0.
                // The precision error can be caused with Bigmath library limiting the precision to 2**56.
                unchecked {
                    temp2_ = o_.debtRaw < temp2_ ? temp2_ - o_.debtRaw : 0;
                }

                if (temp2_ < 10000) {
                    temp2_ = 0;
                    // if debt becomes 0 then remove from tick has debt

                    if (o_.tick == o_.topTick) {
                        // if tick is top tick then current top tick is perfect tick -> fetch & set new top tick

                        // Updating new top tick in vaultVariables_ and topTick_
                        (vaultVariables_, o_.topTick) = _setNewTopTick(o_.topTick, vaultVariables_);
                    }

                    // Removing from tickHasDebt
                    _updateTickHasDebt(o_.tick, false);
                }

                tickData[o_.tick] = (temp_ & X25) | (temp2_.toBigNumber(56, 8, BigMathMinified.ROUND_DOWN) << 25);

                // Converted positionRawDebt_ in net position debt
                o_.debtRaw -= o_.dustDebtRaw;
            }
            o_.dustDebtRaw = 0;
        }

        // Setting the current tick into old tick as the position tick is going to change now.
        o_.oldTick = o_.tick;
        o_.oldColRaw = o_.colRaw;
        o_.oldNetDebtRaw = o_.debtRaw;

        {
            (o_.liquidityExPrice, , o_.supplyExPrice, o_.borrowExPrice) = updateExchangePrices(o_.vaultVariables2);

            {
                // supply or withdraw
                if (newCol_ > 0) {
                    // supply new col, rounding down
                    o_.colRaw += (uint256(newCol_) * EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION) / o_.supplyExPrice;
                    // final user's collateral should not be above 2**128 bits
                    if (o_.colRaw > X128) {
                        revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__UserCollateralDebtExceed);
                    }
                } else if (newCol_ < 0) {
                    // if withdraw equals type(int).min then max withdraw
                    if (newCol_ > type(int128).min) {
                        // partial withdraw, rounding up removing extra wei from collateral
                        temp3_ = ((newCol_ * int(EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION)) / int256(o_.supplyExPrice)) - 1;
                        unchecked {
                            if (uint256(-temp3_) > o_.colRaw) {
                                revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__ExcessCollateralWithdrawal);
                            }
                            o_.colRaw -= uint256(-temp3_);
                        }
                    } else if (newCol_ == type(int).min) {
                        // max withdraw, rounding up:
                        // adding +1 to negative withdrawAmount newCol_ for safe rounding (reducing withdraw)
                        newCol_ = -(int256((o_.colRaw * o_.supplyExPrice) / EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION)) + 1;
                        o_.colRaw = 0;
                    } else {
                        revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__UserCollateralDebtExceed);
                    }
                }
            }
            {
                // borrow or payback
                if (newDebt_ > 0) {
                    // borrow new debt, rounding up adding extra wei in debt
                    temp_ = ((uint(newDebt_) * EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION) / o_.borrowExPrice) + 1;
                    // if borrow fee is 0 then it'll become temp_ + 0.
                    // Only adding fee in o_.debtRaw and not in newDebt_ as newDebt_ is debt that needs to be borrowed from Liquidity
                    // as we have added fee in debtRaw hence it will get added in user's position & vault's total borrow.
                    // It can be collected with rebalance function.
                    o_.debtRaw += temp_ + (temp_ * ((o_.vaultVariables2 >> 82) & X10)) / 10000;
                    // final user's debt should not be above 2**128 bits
                    if (o_.debtRaw > X128) {
                        revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__UserCollateralDebtExceed);
                    }
                } else if (newDebt_ < 0) {
                    // if payback equals type(int).min then max payback
                    if (newDebt_ > type(int128).min) {
                        // partial payback.
                        // temp3_ => newDebt_ in raw terms, safe rounding up negative amount to rounding reduce payback
                        temp3_ = (newDebt_ * int256(EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION)) / int256(o_.borrowExPrice) + 1;
                        unchecked {
                            temp3_ = -temp3_;
                            if (uint256(temp3_) > o_.debtRaw) {
                                revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__ExcessDebtPayback);
                            }
                            o_.debtRaw -= uint256(temp3_);
                        }
                    } else if (newDebt_ == type(int).min) {
                        // max payback, rounding up amount that will be transferred in to pay back full debt:
                        // subtracting -1 of negative debtAmount newDebt_ for safe rounding (increasing payback)
                        newDebt_ = -(int256((o_.debtRaw * o_.borrowExPrice) / EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION)) - 1;
                        o_.debtRaw = 0;
                    } else {
                        revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__UserCollateralDebtExceed);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // if position has no collateral or debt and user sends type(int).min for withdraw and payback then this results in 0
        // there's is no issue if it stays 0 but better to throw here to avoid checking for potential issues if there could be
        if (newCol_ == 0 && newDebt_ == 0) {
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidOperateAmount);
        }

        // Assign new tick
        if (o_.debtRaw > 0) {
            // updating tickHasDebt in the below function if required
            // o_.debtRaw here is updated to new debt raw incl. dust debt (not net debt)
            unchecked {
                (o_.tick, o_.tickId, o_.debtRaw, o_.dustDebtRaw) = _addDebtToTickWrite(
                    o_.colRaw,
                    ((o_.debtRaw * 1000000001) / 1000000000) + 1
                );
            }

            if (newDebt_ < 0) {
                // anyone can payback debt of any position
                // hence, explicitly checking the debt should decrease
                if ((o_.debtRaw - o_.dustDebtRaw) > o_.oldNetDebtRaw) {
                    revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidPaybackOrDeposit);
                }
            }
            if ((newCol_ > 0) && (newDebt_ == 0)) {
                // anyone can deposit collateral in any position
                // Hence, explicitly checking that new ratio should be less than old ratio
                if (
                    (((o_.debtRaw - o_.dustDebtRaw) * TickMath.ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO) / o_.colRaw) >
                    ((o_.oldNetDebtRaw * TickMath.ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO) / o_.oldColRaw)
                ) {
                    revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidPaybackOrDeposit);
                }
            }

            if (o_.tick >= o_.topTick) {
                // Updating topTick in storage
                // temp_ => tick to insert in vault variables
                unchecked {
                    temp_ = o_.tick < 0 ? uint(-o_.tick) << 1 : (uint(o_.tick) << 1) | 1;
                }
                if (vaultVariables_ & 2 == 0) {
                    // Current branch not liquidated. Hence, just update top tick
                    vaultVariables_ =
                        (vaultVariables_ & 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffc00000) |
                        (temp_ << 2);
                } else {
                    // Current branch liquidated
                    // Initialize a new branch
                    // temp2_ => totalBranchId_
                    unchecked {
                        temp2_ = ((vaultVariables_ >> 52) & X30) + 1; // would take 34 years to overflow if a new branch is created every second
                    }
                    // Connecting new active branch with current active branch which is now base branch
                    // Current top tick is now base branch's minima tick
                    branchData[temp2_] =
                        (((vaultVariables_ >> 22) & X30) << 166) | // current branch id set as base branch id
                        (((vaultVariables_ >> 2) & X20) << 196); // current top tick set as base branch minima tick
                    // Updating new vault variables in memory with new branch
                    vaultVariables_ =
                        (vaultVariables_ & 0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffc00000000000000000000) |
                        (temp_ << 2) | // new top tick
                        (temp2_ << 22) | // new branch id
                        (temp2_ << 52); // total branch ids
                }
            }
        } else {
            // debtRaw_ remains 0 in this situation
            // This kind of position will not have any tick. Meaning it'll be a supply position.
            o_.tick = type(int).min;
        }

        {
            if (newCol_ < 0 || newDebt_ > 0) {
                // withdraw or borrow
                if (to_ == address(0)) {
                    to_ = msg.sender;
                }

                unchecked {
                    // if debt is greater than 0 & transaction includes borrow or withdraw (incl. combinations such as deposit + borrow etc.)
                    // -> check collateral factor
                    // calc for net debt can be unchecked as o_.dustDebtRaw can not be > o_.debtRaw:
                    // o_.dustDebtRaw is the result of o_.debtRaw - x where x > 0 see _addDebtToTickWrite()

                    // Only fetch oracle if position is getting riskier or if borrowing is involved
                    // if user is withdrawing and paying back in the same transaction such that the final ratio
                    // is lower than initial then as well no need to check oracle aka user is doing payback & withdraw or deleverage
                    if (o_.debtRaw > 0 && (
                            o_.oldTick <= o_.tick ||
                            (o_.debtRaw - o_.dustDebtRaw) > (((o_.oldNetDebtRaw * 1000000001) / 1000000000) + 1)
                        )
                    ) {
                        // Oracle returns price at 100% ratio.
                        // converting oracle 160 bits into oracle address
                        // temp_ => debt price w.r.t to col in 1e27
                        temp_ = IFluidOracle(address(uint160(o_.vaultVariables2 >> 96))).getExchangeRateOperate();
                        // Note if price would come back as 0 `getTickAtRatio` will fail

                        // reverting if oracle price is too high or lower than 1e9 to avoid precision issues
                        if (temp_ > 1e54 || temp_ < 1e9) {
                            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidOraclePrice);
                        }

                        // Converting price in terms of raw amounts
                        temp_ = (temp_ * o_.supplyExPrice) / o_.borrowExPrice;

                        // capping oracle pricing to 1e45 (#487RGF783GF: id reference for other similar cases in codebase)
                        // This means we are restricting collateral price to never go above 1e45
                        // Above 1e45 precisions gets too low for calculations
                        // This can will never happen for all good token pairs (for example, WBTC/DAI pair when WBTC price is $1M, oracle price will come as 1e43)
                        // Restricting oracle price doesn't pose any risk to protocol as we are capping collateral price, meaning if price is above 1e45
                        // user is simply not able to borrow more
                        if (temp_ > 1e45) {
                            temp_ = 1e45;
                        }

                        // temp2_ => ratio at CF. CF is in 3 decimals. 900 = 90%
                        temp2_ = ((temp_ * ((o_.vaultVariables2 >> 32) & X10)) / 1000);

                        // Price from oracle is in 1e27 decimals. Converting it into (1 << 96) decimals
                        temp2_ = ((temp2_ * TickMath.ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO) / 1e27);

                        // temp3_ => tickAtCF_
                        (temp3_, ) = TickMath.getTickAtRatio(temp2_);
                        if (o_.tick > temp3_) {
                            // Above CF, user should only be allowed to reduce ratio either by paying debt or by depositing more collateral
                            // Not comparing collateral as user can potentially use safe/deleverage to reduce tick & debt.
                            // On use of safe/deleverage, collateral will decrease but debt will decrease as well making the overall position safer.
                            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__PositionAboveCF);
                        }
                    }
                }

            }
        }

        {
            // Updating user's new position on storage
            // temp_ => tick to insert as user position tick
            if (o_.tick > type(int).min) {
                unchecked {
                    temp_ = o_.tick < 0 ? (uint(-o_.tick) << 1) : ((uint(o_.tick) << 1) | 1);
                }
            } else {
                // if positionTick_ = type(int).min OR positionRawDebt_ == 0 then that means it's only supply position
                // (for case of positionRawDebt_ == 0, tick is set to type(int).min further up)
                temp_ = 0;
            }

            positionData[nftId_] =
                ((temp_ == 0) ? 1 : 0) | // setting if supply only position (1) or not (first bit)
                (temp_ << 1) |
                (o_.tickId << 21) |
                (o_.colRaw.toBigNumber(56, 8, BigMathMinified.ROUND_DOWN) << 45) |
                // dust debt is rounded down because user debt = debt - dustDebt. rounding up would mean we reduce user debt
                (o_.dustDebtRaw.toBigNumber(56, 8, BigMathMinified.ROUND_DOWN) << 109);
        }

        // Withdrawal gap to make sure there's always liquidity for liquidation
        // For example if withdrawal allowance is 15% on liquidity then we can limit operate's withdrawal allowance to 10%
        // this will allow liquidate function to get extra 5% buffer for potential liquidations.
        if (newCol_ < 0) {
            // extracting withdrawal gap which is in 0.1% precision.
            temp_ = (o_.vaultVariables2 >> 62) & X10;
            if (temp_ > 0) {
                // fetching user's supply slot data
                o_.userSupplyLiquidityData = LIQUIDITY.readFromStorage(LIQUIDITY_USER_SUPPLY_SLOT);

                // converting current user's supply from big number to normal
                temp2_ = (o_.userSupplyLiquidityData >> LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_USER_SUPPLY_AMOUNT) & X64;
                temp2_ = (temp2_ >> 8) << (temp2_ & X8);

                // fetching liquidity's withdrawal limit
                temp3_ = int(LiquidityCalcs.calcWithdrawalLimitBeforeOperate(o_.userSupplyLiquidityData, temp2_));

                // max the number could go is vault's supply * 1000. Overflowing is almost impossible.
                unchecked {
                    // (liquidityUserSupply - withdrawalGap - liquidityWithdrawaLimit) should be less than user's withdrawal
                    if (
                        (temp3_ > 0) &&
                        (((int(temp2_ * (1000 - temp_)) / 1000)) - temp3_) <
                        (((-newCol_) * int(EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION)) / int(o_.liquidityExPrice))
                    ) {
                        revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__WithdrawMoreThanOperateLimit);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        {
            // execute actions at Liquidity: deposit & payback is first and then withdraw & borrow
            if (newCol_ > 0) {
                // deposit
                LIQUIDITY.operate{ value: SUPPLY_TOKEN == NATIVE_TOKEN ? msg.value : 0 }(
                    SUPPLY_TOKEN,
                    newCol_,
                    0,
                    address(0),
                    address(0),
                    abi.encode(msg.sender)
                );
            }
            if (newDebt_ < 0) {
                if (BORROW_TOKEN == NATIVE_TOKEN) {
                    unchecked {
                        temp_ = uint(-newDebt_);
                        if (msg.value > temp_) {
                            SafeTransfer.safeTransferNative(msg.sender, msg.value - temp_);
                        } else if (msg.value < temp_) {
                            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidMsgValueOperate);
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    temp_ = 0;
                }
                // payback
                LIQUIDITY.operate{ value: temp_ }(
                    BORROW_TOKEN,
                    0,
                    newDebt_,
                    address(0),
                    address(0),
                    abi.encode(msg.sender)
                );
            }
            if (newCol_ < 0) {
                // withdraw
                LIQUIDITY.operate(SUPPLY_TOKEN, newCol_, 0, to_, address(0), new bytes(0));
            }
            if (newDebt_ > 0) {
                // borrow
                LIQUIDITY.operate(BORROW_TOKEN, 0, newDebt_, address(0), to_, new bytes(0));
            }
        }

        {
            // Updating vault variables on storage

            // Calculating new total collateral & total debt.
            temp_ = (vaultVariables_ >> 82) & X64;
            temp_ = ((temp_ >> 8) << (temp_ & X8)) + o_.colRaw - o_.oldColRaw;
            temp2_ = (vaultVariables_ >> 146) & X64;
            temp2_ = ((temp2_ >> 8) << (temp2_ & X8)) + (o_.debtRaw - o_.dustDebtRaw) - o_.oldNetDebtRaw;
            // Updating vault variables on storage. This will also reentrancy 0 back again
            // Converting total supply & total borrow in 64 bits (56 | 8) bignumber
            vaultVariables =
                (vaultVariables_ & 0xfffffffffffc00000000000000000000000000000003ffffffffffffffffffff) |
                (temp_.toBigNumber(56, 8, BigMathMinified.ROUND_DOWN) << 82) | // total supply
                (temp2_.toBigNumber(56, 8, BigMathMinified.ROUND_UP) << 146); // total borrow
        }

        emit LogOperate(msg.sender, nftId_, newCol_, newDebt_, to_);

        return (nftId_, newCol_, newDebt_);
    }

    /// @dev allows to liquidate all bad debt of all users at once. Liquidator can also liquidate partially any amount they want.
    /// @param debtAmt_ total debt to liquidate (aka debt token to swap into collateral token)
    /// @param colPerUnitDebt_ minimum collateral token per unit of debt in 1e18 decimals
    /// @param to_ address at which collateral token should go to.
    ///            If dead address (0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dEaD) then reverts with custom error "FluidLiquidateResult"
    ///            returning the actual collateral and actual debt liquidated. Useful to find max liquidatable amounts via try / catch.
    /// @param absorb_ if true then liquidate from absorbed first
    /// @return actualDebtAmt_ if liquidator sends debtAmt_ more than debt remaining to liquidate then actualDebtAmt_ changes from debtAmt_ else remains same
    /// @return actualColAmt_ total liquidated collateral which liquidator will get
    function liquidate(
        uint256 debtAmt_,
        uint256 colPerUnitDebt_, // min collateral needed per unit of debt in 1e18
        address to_,
        bool absorb_
    ) public payable returns (uint actualDebtAmt_, uint actualColAmt_) {
        LiquidateMemoryVars memory memoryVars_;

        uint vaultVariables_ = vaultVariables;

        // ############# turning re-entrancy bit on #############
        if (vaultVariables_ & 1 == 0) {
            // Updating on storage
            vaultVariables = vaultVariables_ | 1;
        } else {
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__AlreadyEntered);
        }

        if (BORROW_TOKEN == NATIVE_TOKEN) {
            if ((msg.value != debtAmt_) && (to_ != 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dEaD)) {
                revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidMsgValueLiquidate);
            }
        } else if (msg.value > 0) {
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidMsgValueLiquidate);
        }

        memoryVars_.vaultVariables2 = vaultVariables2;

        if (((vaultVariables_ >> 2) & X20) == 0) {
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__TopTickDoesNotExist);
        }

        // Below are exchange prices of vaults
        (, , memoryVars_.supplyExPrice, memoryVars_.borrowExPrice) = updateExchangePrices(memoryVars_.vaultVariables2);

        CurrentLiquidity memory currentData_;
        BranchData memory branch_;
        // Temporary holder variables, used many times for different small things
        uint temp_;
        uint temp2_;

        {
            // ############# Oracle related stuff #############
            // Col price w.r.t debt. For example: 1 ETH = 1000 DAI
            // temp_ -> debtPerCol
            temp_ = IFluidOracle(address(uint160(memoryVars_.vaultVariables2 >> 96))).getExchangeRateLiquidate(); // Price in 27 decimals

            // not reverting if oracle price is lower than 1e9 as it can pause potential liquidation in this edge case situations
            if (temp_ > 1e54 || temp_ == 0) {
                revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidOraclePrice);
            }

            unchecked {
                // temp_ -> debtPerCol Converting in terms of raw amount
                temp_ = (temp_ * memoryVars_.supplyExPrice) / memoryVars_.borrowExPrice;

                // capping oracle pricing to 1e45
                // Reason mentioned at (search: #487RGF783GF)
                if (temp_ > 1e45) {
                    temp_ = 1e45;
                }
                // temp2_ -> Raw colPerDebt_ in 27 decimals
                temp2_ = 1e54 / temp_;

                // temp2_ can never be > 1e54
                // Oracle price should never be > 1e54
                // Liquidation penalty in 4 decimals (1e2 = 1%) (max: 10.23%) -> (vaultVariables2_ >> 72) & X10
                currentData_.colPerDebt = (temp2_ * (10000 + ((memoryVars_.vaultVariables2 >> 72) & X10))) / 10000;

                // get liquidiation tick (tick at liquidation threshold ratio)
                // Liquidation threshold in 3 decimals (900 = 90%) -> (vaultVariables2_ >> 42) & X10
                // Dividing by 1e27 to convert temp_ into normal number
                temp_ = ((temp_ * TickMath.ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO) / 1e27);
                // temp2_ -> liquidationRatio_
                temp2_ = (temp_ * ((memoryVars_.vaultVariables2 >> 42) & X10)) / 1000;
            }
            (memoryVars_.liquidationTick, ) = TickMath.getTickAtRatio(temp2_);

            // get liquidiation max limit tick (tick at liquidation max limit ratio)
            // Max limit in 3 decimals (900 = 90%) -> (vaultVariables2_ >> 52) & X10
            // temp2_ -> maxRatio_
            unchecked {
                temp2_ = (temp_ * ((memoryVars_.vaultVariables2 >> 52) & X10)) / 1000;
            }
            (memoryVars_.maxTick, ) = TickMath.getTickAtRatio(temp2_);
        }

        // extracting top tick as top tick will be the current tick
        unchecked {
            currentData_.tick = (vaultVariables_ & 4) == 4
                ? int256((vaultVariables_ >> 3) & X19)
                : -int256((vaultVariables_ >> 3) & X19);
        }

        if (currentData_.tick > memoryVars_.maxTick) {
            // absorbing all the debt above maxTick if available
            vaultVariables_ = (abi.decode(_spell(SECONDARY_IMPLEMENTATION, abi.encodeWithSignature("absorb(uint256,int256)", vaultVariables_, memoryVars_.maxTick)), (uint256)));

            // updating current tick to new topTick after absorb
            unchecked {
                currentData_.tick = (vaultVariables_ & 4) == 4
                    ? int256((vaultVariables_ >> 3) & X19)
                    : -int256((vaultVariables_ >> 3) & X19);
            }
            if (debtAmt_ == 0) {
                // updating vault variables on storage as the transaction was for only absorb
                vaultVariables = vaultVariables_;
                return (0, 0);
            }
        }

        if (debtAmt_ < 10000 || debtAmt_ > X128) {
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidLiquidationAmt);
        }

        // setting up status if top tick is liquidated or not
        currentData_.tickStatus = vaultVariables_ & 2 == 0 ? 1 : 2;
        // Tick info is mainly used as a place holder to store temporary tick related data
        // (it can be current or ref using same memory variable)
        TickData memory tickInfo_;
        tickInfo_.tick = currentData_.tick;

        {
            // ############# Setting current branch in memory #############

            // Updating branch related data
            branch_.id = (vaultVariables_ >> 22) & X30;
            branch_.data = branchData[branch_.id];
            branch_.debtFactor = (branch_.data >> 116) & X50;
            if (branch_.debtFactor == 0) {
                // Initializing branch debt factor. 35 | 15 bit number. Where full 35 bits and 15th bit is occupied.
                // Making the total number as (2**35 - 1) << 2**14.
                // note: initial debt factor can be any number.
                branch_.debtFactor = ((X35 << 15) | (1 << 14));
            }
            // fetching base branch's minima tick. if 0 that means it's a master branch
            temp_ = (branch_.data >> 196) & X20;
            if (temp_ > 0) {
                unchecked {
                    branch_.minimaTick = (temp_ & 1) == 1 ? int256((temp_ >> 1) & X19) : -int256((temp_ >> 1) & X19);
                }
            } else {
                branch_.minimaTick = type(int).min;
            }
        }

        // debtAmt_ should be less than 2**128 & EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION is 1e12
        unchecked {
            currentData_.debtRemaining = (debtAmt_ * EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION) / memoryVars_.borrowExPrice;
        }

        // extracting total debt
        temp2_ = (vaultVariables_ >> 146) & X64;
        temp2_ = ((temp2_ >> 8) << (temp2_ & X8));

        if ((temp2_ / 1e9) > currentData_.debtRemaining) {
            // if liquidation amount is less than 1e9 of total debt then revert
            // so if total debt is $1B then minimum liquidation limit = $1
            // so if total debt is $1T then minimum liquidation limit = $1000
            // partials precision is slightlty above 1e9 so this will make sure that on every liquidation atleast 1 partial gets liquidated
            // not sure if it can result in any issue but restricting amount further more to remove very low amount scenarios totally
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidLiquidationAmt);
        }

        if (absorb_) {
            temp_ = absorbedLiquidity;
            // temp2_ -> absorbed col
            temp2_ = (temp_ >> 128) & X128;
            // temp_ -> absorbed debt
            temp_ = temp_ & X128;

            if (temp_ > currentData_.debtRemaining) {
                // Removing collateral in equal proportion as debt
                currentData_.totalColLiq = ((temp2_ * currentData_.debtRemaining) / temp_);
                temp2_ -= currentData_.totalColLiq;
                // Removing debt
                currentData_.totalDebtLiq = currentData_.debtRemaining;
                unchecked {
                    temp_ -= currentData_.debtRemaining;
                }
                currentData_.debtRemaining = 0;

                // updating on storage
                absorbedLiquidity = temp_ | (temp2_ << 128);
            } else {
                // updating on storage
                absorbedLiquidity = 0;
                unchecked {
                    currentData_.debtRemaining -= temp_;
                }
                currentData_.totalDebtLiq = temp_;
                currentData_.totalColLiq = temp2_;
            }
        }

        // current tick should be greater than liquidationTick and it cannot be greater than maxTick as absorb will run
        if (currentData_.tick > memoryVars_.liquidationTick) {
            if (currentData_.debtRemaining > 0) {
                // Stores liquidated debt & collateral in each loop
                uint debtLiquidated_;
                uint colLiquidated_;
                uint debtFactor_ = BigMathVault.TWO_POWER_64;

                TickHasDebt memory tickHasDebt_;
                unchecked {
                    tickHasDebt_.mapId = (currentData_.tick < 0)
                        ? (((currentData_.tick + 1) / 256) - 1)
                        : (currentData_.tick / 256);
                }

                tickInfo_.ratio = TickMath.getRatioAtTick(tickInfo_.tick);

                if (currentData_.tickStatus == 1) {
                    // top tick is not liquidated. Hence it's a perfect tick.
                    currentData_.ratio = tickInfo_.ratio;
                    // if current tick in liquidation is a perfect tick then it is also the next tick that has debt.
                    tickHasDebt_.nextTick = currentData_.tick;
                } else {
                    // top tick is liquidated. Hence it has partials.
                    // next tick that has debt liquidity will have to be fetched from tickHasDebt
                    unchecked {
                        tickInfo_.ratioOneLess = (tickInfo_.ratio * 10000) / 10015;
                        tickInfo_.length = tickInfo_.ratio - tickInfo_.ratioOneLess;
                        tickInfo_.partials = (branch_.data >> 22) & X30;
                        currentData_.ratio = tickInfo_.ratioOneLess + ((tickInfo_.length * tickInfo_.partials) / X30);
                        
                        if ((memoryVars_.liquidationTick + 1) == tickInfo_.tick && (tickInfo_.partials == 1)) {
                            if (to_ == 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dEaD) {
                                // revert with liquidated amounts if to_ address is the dead address.
                                // this can be used in a resolver to find the max liquidatable amounts.
                                revert FluidLiquidateResult(0, 0);
                            }
                            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidLiquidation);
                        }
                    }
                }

                while (true) {
                    if (currentData_.tickStatus == 1) {
                        // not liquidated -> Getting the debt from tick data itself
                        temp2_ = tickData[currentData_.tick];
                        // temp_ => tick debt
                        temp_ = (temp2_ >> 25) & X64;
                        // Converting big number into normal number
                        temp_ = (temp_ >> 8) << (temp_ & X8);
                        // Updating tickData on storage with removing debt & adding connection to branch
                        tickData[currentData_.tick] =
                            1 | // set tick as liquidated
                            (temp2_ & 0x1fffffe) | // set same total tick ids
                            (branch_.id << 26) | // branch id where this tick got liquidated
                            (branch_.debtFactor << 56);
                    } else {
                        // already liquidated -> Get the debt from branch data in big number
                        // temp_ => tick debt
                        temp_ = (branch_.data >> 52) & X64;
                        // Converting big number into normal number
                        temp_ = (temp_ >> 8) << (temp_ & X8);
                        // Branch is getting updated over the end
                    }

                    // Adding new debt into active debt for liquidation
                    currentData_.debt += temp_;

                    // Adding new col into active col for liquidation
                    // Ratio is in 2**96 decimals hence multiplying debt with 2**96 to get proper collateral
                    currentData_.col += (temp_ * TickMath.ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO) / currentData_.ratio;

                    if (
                        (tickHasDebt_.nextTick == currentData_.tick && currentData_.tickStatus == 1) ||
                        tickHasDebt_.tickHasDebt == 0
                    ) {
                        // Fetching next perfect tick with liquidity
                        // tickHasDebt_.tickHasDebt == 0 will only happen in the first while loop
                        // in the very first perfect tick liquidation it'll be 0
                        if (tickHasDebt_.tickHasDebt == 0) {
                            tickHasDebt_.tickHasDebt = tickHasDebt[tickHasDebt_.mapId];
                        }

                        // in 1st loop tickStatus can be 2. Meaning not a perfect current tick
                        if (currentData_.tickStatus == 1) {
                            unchecked {
                                tickHasDebt_.bitsToRemove = uint(-currentData_.tick + (tickHasDebt_.mapId * 256 + 256));
                            }
                            // Removing current top tick from tickHasDebt
                            tickHasDebt_.tickHasDebt =
                                (tickHasDebt_.tickHasDebt << tickHasDebt_.bitsToRemove) >>
                                tickHasDebt_.bitsToRemove;
                            // Updating in storage if tickHasDebt becomes 0.
                            if (tickHasDebt_.tickHasDebt == 0) {
                                tickHasDebt[tickHasDebt_.mapId] = 0;
                            }
                        }

                        // For last user remaining in vault there could be a lot of while loop.
                        // Chances of this to happen is extremely low (like ~0%)
                        while (true) {
                            if (tickHasDebt_.tickHasDebt > 0) {
                                unchecked {
                                    tickHasDebt_.nextTick =
                                        tickHasDebt_.mapId *
                                        256 +
                                        int(tickHasDebt_.tickHasDebt.mostSignificantBit()) -
                                        1;
                                }
                                break;
                            }

                            // tickHasDebt_.tickHasDebt == 0. Checking if minimum tick of this mapID is less than liquidationTick_
                            // if true that means now the next tick is not needed as liquidation gets over minimum at liquidationTick_
                            unchecked {
                                if ((tickHasDebt_.mapId * 256) < memoryVars_.liquidationTick) {
                                    tickHasDebt_.nextTick = type(int).min;
                                    break;
                                }

                                // Fetching next tick has debt by decreasing tickHasDebt_.mapId first
                                tickHasDebt_.tickHasDebt = tickHasDebt[--tickHasDebt_.mapId];
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    // Fetching refTick. refTick is the biggest tick of these 3:
                    // 1. Next tick with liquidity (from tickHasDebt)
                    // 2. Minima tick of current branch
                    // 3. Liquidation threshold tick
                    {
                        // Setting currentData_.refTick & currentData_.refTickStatus
                        if (
                            branch_.minimaTick > tickHasDebt_.nextTick &&
                            branch_.minimaTick > memoryVars_.liquidationTick
                        ) {
                            // next tick will be of base branch (merge)
                            currentData_.refTick = branch_.minimaTick;
                            currentData_.refTickStatus = 2;
                        } else if (tickHasDebt_.nextTick > memoryVars_.liquidationTick) {
                            // next tick will be next tick from perfect tick
                            currentData_.refTick = tickHasDebt_.nextTick;
                            currentData_.refTickStatus = 1;
                        } else {
                            // next tick is threshold tick
                            currentData_.refTick = memoryVars_.liquidationTick;
                            currentData_.refTickStatus = 3; // leads to end of liquidation loop
                        }
                    }

                    // using tickInfo variable again for ref tick as we don't have the need for it any more
                    tickInfo_.ratio = TickMath.getRatioAtTick(int24(currentData_.refTick));
                    if (currentData_.refTickStatus == 2) {
                        // merge current branch with base branch
                        unchecked {
                            tickInfo_.ratioOneLess = (tickInfo_.ratio * 10000) / 10015;
                            tickInfo_.length = tickInfo_.ratio - tickInfo_.ratioOneLess;
                            // Fetching base branch data to get the base branch's partial
                            branch_.baseBranchData = branchData[((branch_.data >> 166) & X30)];
                            tickInfo_.partials = (branch_.baseBranchData >> 22) & X30;
                            tickInfo_.currentRatio =
                                tickInfo_.ratioOneLess +
                                ((tickInfo_.length * tickInfo_.partials) / X30);
                            currentData_.refRatio = tickInfo_.currentRatio;
                        }
                    } else {
                        // refTickStatus can only be 1 (next tick from perfect tick) or 3 (liquidation threshold tick)
                        tickInfo_.currentRatio = tickInfo_.ratio;
                        currentData_.refRatio = tickInfo_.ratio;
                        tickInfo_.partials = X30;
                    }

                    // Formula: (debt_ - x) / (col_ - (x * colPerDebt_)) = ratioEnd_
                    // x = ((ratioEnd_ * col) - debt_) / ((colPerDebt_ * ratioEnd_) - 1)
                    // x is debtToLiquidate_
                    // col_ = debt_ / ratioStart_ -> (currentData_.debt / currentData_.ratio)
                    // ratioEnd_ is currentData_.refRatio
                    //
                    // Calculation results of numerator & denominator is always negative
                    // which will cancel out to give positive output in the end so we can safely cast to uint.
                    // for nominator:
                    // ratioStart can only be >= ratioEnd so first part can only be reducing currentData_.debt leading to
                    // currentData_.debt reduced - currentData_.debt original * 1e27 -> can only be a negative number
                    // for denominator:
                    // currentData_.colPerDebt and currentData_.refRatio are inversely proportional to each other.
                    // the maximum value they can ever be is ~9.97e26 which is the 0.3% away from 100% because liquidation
                    // threshold + liquidation penalty can never be > 99.7%. This can also be verified by going back from
                    // min / max ratio values further up where we fetch oracle price etc.
                    // as optimization we can inverse nominator and denominator subtraction to directly get a positive number.

                    debtLiquidated_ =
                        // nominator
                        ((currentData_.debt - (currentData_.refRatio * currentData_.debt) / currentData_.ratio) *
                            1e27) /
                        // denominator
                        (1e27 - ((currentData_.colPerDebt * currentData_.refRatio) / TickMath.ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO));

                    colLiquidated_ = (debtLiquidated_ * currentData_.colPerDebt) / 1e27;

                    if (currentData_.debt == debtLiquidated_) {
                        debtLiquidated_ -= 1;
                    }

                    if (debtLiquidated_ >= currentData_.debtRemaining || currentData_.refTickStatus == 3) {
                        // End of liquidation as full amount to liquidate or liquidation threshold tick has been reached;

                        // Updating tickHasDebt on storage.
                        tickHasDebt[tickHasDebt_.mapId] = tickHasDebt_.tickHasDebt;

                        if (debtLiquidated_ >= currentData_.debtRemaining) {
                            // Liquidation ended between currentTick & refTick.
                            // Not all of liquidatable debt is actually liquidated -> recalculate
                            debtLiquidated_ = currentData_.debtRemaining;
                            colLiquidated_ = (debtLiquidated_ * currentData_.colPerDebt) / 1e27;
                            // Liquidating to debt. temp_ => final ratio after liquidation
                            // liquidatable debt - debtLiquidated / liquidatable col - colLiquidated
                            temp_ =
                                ((currentData_.debt - debtLiquidated_) * TickMath.ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO) /
                                (currentData_.col - colLiquidated_);
                            // Fetching tick of where liquidation ended
                            (tickInfo_.tick, tickInfo_.ratioOneLess) = TickMath.getTickAtRatio(temp_);
                            if ((tickInfo_.tick < currentData_.refTick) && (tickInfo_.partials == X30)) {
                                // this situation might never happen
                                // if this happens then there might be some very edge case precision of few weis which is returning 1 tick less
                                // if the above were to ever happen then tickInfo_.tick only be currentData_.refTick - 1
                                // in this case the partial will be very very near to full (X30)
                                // increasing tick by 2 and making partial as 1 which is basically very very near to currentData_.refTick
                                unchecked {
                                    tickInfo_.tick += 2;
                                }
                                tickInfo_.partials = 1;
                            } else {
                                unchecked {
                                    // Increasing tick by 1 as final ratio will probably be a partial
                                    ++tickInfo_.tick;

                                    // if ref tick is old liquidated tick then storing partials in temp2_
                                    // tickInfo_.partials contains partial of branch which is the current ref tick
                                    temp2_ = (currentData_.refTickStatus == 2 && tickInfo_.tick == currentData_.refTick) ? tickInfo_.partials : 0;

                                    tickInfo_.ratio = (tickInfo_.ratioOneLess * 10015) / 10000;
                                    tickInfo_.length = tickInfo_.ratio - tickInfo_.ratioOneLess;
                                    tickInfo_.partials = ((temp_ - tickInfo_.ratioOneLess) * X30) / tickInfo_.length;

                                    // Taking edge cases where partial comes as 0 or X30 meaning perfect tick.
                                    // Hence, increasing or reducing it by 1 as liquidation tick cannot be perfect tick.
                                    tickInfo_.partials = tickInfo_.partials == 0 ? 1 : tickInfo_.partials >= X30
                                        ? X30 - 1
                                        : tickInfo_.partials;
                                }
                                if (temp2_ > 0 && temp2_ >= tickInfo_.partials) {
                                    // if refTick is liquidated tick and hence contains partials then checking that
                                    // current liquidation tick's partial should not be less than last liquidation refTick

                                    // not sure if this is even possible to happen but adding checks to avoid it fully
                                    // if it reverts here then next liquidation on next block should go through fine
                                    revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__LiquidationReverts);
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            // End in liquidation threshold.
                            // finalRatio_ = currentData_.refRatio;
                            // Increasing liquidation threshold tick by 1 partial. With 1 partial it'll reach to the next tick.
                            // Ratio change will be negligible. Doing this as liquidation threshold tick can also be a perfect non-liquidated tick.
                            unchecked {
                                tickInfo_.tick = currentData_.refTick + 1;
                            }
                            // Making partial as 1 so it doesn't stay perfect tick
                            tickInfo_.partials = 1;
                            // length is not needed as only partials are written to storage
                        }

                        // debtFactor = debtFactor * (liquidatableDebt - debtLiquidated) / liquidatableDebt
                        // -> debtFactor * leftOverDebt / liquidatableDebt
                        debtFactor_ = (debtFactor_ * (currentData_.debt - debtLiquidated_)) / currentData_.debt;
                        currentData_.totalDebtLiq += debtLiquidated_;
                        currentData_.debt -= debtLiquidated_; // currentData_.debt => leftOverDebt after debtLiquidated_
                        currentData_.totalColLiq += colLiquidated_;
                        currentData_.col -= colLiquidated_; // currentData_.col => leftOverCol after colLiquidated_

                        // Updating branch's debt factor & write to storage as liquidation is over
                        branch_.debtFactor = branch_.debtFactor.mulDivBigNumber(debtFactor_);

                        if (currentData_.debt < 100) {
                            // this can happen when someone tries to create a dust tick
                            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__BranchDebtTooLow);
                        }

                        unchecked {
                            // Tick to insert
                            temp2_ = tickInfo_.tick < 0
                                ? (uint(-tickInfo_.tick) << 1)
                                : ((uint(tickInfo_.tick) << 1) | 1);
                        }

                        // Updating Branch data with debt factor, debt, partials, minima tick & assigning is liquidated
                        branchData[branch_.id] =
                            ((branch_.data >> 166) << 166) |
                            1 | // set as liquidated
                            (temp2_ << 2) | // minima tick of branch
                            (tickInfo_.partials << 22) |
                            (currentData_.debt.toBigNumber(56, 8, BigMathMinified.ROUND_UP) << 52) | // branch debt
                            (branch_.debtFactor << 116);

                        // Updating vault variables with current branch & tick
                        vaultVariables_ =
                            ((vaultVariables_ >> 52) << 52) |
                            2 | // set as liquidated
                            (temp2_ << 2) | // top tick
                            (branch_.id << 22);
                        break;
                    }

                    unchecked {
                        // debtLiquidated_ >= currentData_.debtRemaining leads to loop break in if statement above
                        // so this can be unchecked
                        currentData_.debtRemaining -= debtLiquidated_;
                    }

                    // debtFactor = debtFactor * (liquidatableDebt - debtLiquidated) / liquidatableDebt
                    // -> debtFactor * leftOverDebt / liquidatableDebt
                    debtFactor_ = (debtFactor_ * (currentData_.debt - debtLiquidated_)) / currentData_.debt;
                    currentData_.totalDebtLiq += debtLiquidated_;
                    currentData_.debt -= debtLiquidated_;
                    currentData_.totalColLiq += colLiquidated_;
                    currentData_.col -= colLiquidated_;

                    // updating branch's debt factor
                    branch_.debtFactor = branch_.debtFactor.mulDivBigNumber(debtFactor_);
                    // Setting debt factor as 1 << 64 again
                    debtFactor_ = BigMathVault.TWO_POWER_64;

                    if (currentData_.refTickStatus == 2) {
                        // ref tick is base branch's minima hence merging current branch to base branch
                        // and making base branch as current branch.

                        // read base branch related data
                        temp_ = (branch_.data >> 166) & X30; // temp_ -> base branch id
                        temp2_ = branch_.baseBranchData;
                        {
                            uint newBranchDebtFactor_ = (temp2_ >> 116) & X50;

                            // connectionFactor_ = baseBranchDebtFactor / currentBranchDebtFactor
                            uint connectionFactor_ = newBranchDebtFactor_.divBigNumber(branch_.debtFactor);
                            // Updating current branch in storage
                            branchData[branch_.id] =
                                ((branch_.data >> 166) << 166) | // deleting debt / partials / minima tick
                                2 | // setting as merged
                                (connectionFactor_ << 116); // set new connectionFactor

                            // Storing base branch in memory
                            // Updating branch ID to base branch ID
                            branch_.id = temp_;
                            // Updating branch data with base branch data
                            branch_.data = temp2_;
                            // Remove next branch connection from base branch
                            branch_.debtFactor = newBranchDebtFactor_;
                            // temp_ => minima tick of base branch
                            temp_ = (temp2_ >> 196) & X20;
                            if (temp_ > 0) {
                                unchecked {
                                    branch_.minimaTick = (temp_ & 1) == 1
                                        ? int256((temp_ >> 1) & X19)
                                        : -int256((temp_ >> 1) & X19);
                                }
                            } else {
                                branch_.minimaTick = type(int).min;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    // Making refTick as currentTick
                    currentData_.tick = currentData_.refTick;
                    currentData_.tickStatus = currentData_.refTickStatus;
                    currentData_.ratio = currentData_.refRatio;
                }
            }
        }

        // calculating net token amounts using exchange price
        actualDebtAmt_ = (currentData_.totalDebtLiq * memoryVars_.borrowExPrice) / EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION;
        actualColAmt_ = (currentData_.totalColLiq * memoryVars_.supplyExPrice) / EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION;

        // Chances of this to happen are in few wei
        if (actualDebtAmt_ > debtAmt_) {
            // calc new actualColAmt_ via ratio.
            actualColAmt_ = actualColAmt_ * (debtAmt_ / actualDebtAmt_);
            actualDebtAmt_ = debtAmt_;
        }

        if (actualDebtAmt_ == 0) {
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidLiquidation);
        }

        if (((actualColAmt_ * 1e18) / actualDebtAmt_) < colPerUnitDebt_) {
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__ExcessSlippageLiquidation);
        }

        if (to_ == 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dEaD) {
            // revert with liquidated amounts if to_ address is the dead address.
            // this can be used in a resolver to find the max liquidatable amounts.
            revert FluidLiquidateResult(actualColAmt_, actualDebtAmt_);
        }

        // payback at Liquidity
        if (BORROW_TOKEN == NATIVE_TOKEN) {
            temp_ = actualDebtAmt_;
            if (actualDebtAmt_ < msg.value) {
                unchecked {
                    // subtraction can be unchecked because of if check above
                    SafeTransfer.safeTransferNative(msg.sender, msg.value - actualDebtAmt_);
                }
            }
            // else if actualDebtAmt_ > msg.value not possible as actualDebtAmt_ can maximally be debtAmt_ and
            // msg.value == debtAmt_ is checked in the beginning of function.
        } else {
            temp_ = 0;
        }
        unchecked {
            // payback at liquidity
            LIQUIDITY.operate{ value: temp_ }(
                BORROW_TOKEN,
                0,
                -int(actualDebtAmt_),
                address(0),
                address(0),
                abi.encode(msg.sender)
            );
            // withdraw at liquidity
            LIQUIDITY.operate(SUPPLY_TOKEN, -int(actualColAmt_), 0, to_, address(0), new bytes(0));
        }

        // Calculating new total collateral & total debt.
        // temp_ -> total supply
        temp_ = (vaultVariables_ >> 82) & X64;
        temp_ = ((temp_ >> 8) << (temp_ & X8)) - currentData_.totalColLiq;
        // temp2_ -> total borrow
        temp2_ = (vaultVariables_ >> 146) & X64;
        temp2_ = ((temp2_ >> 8) << (temp2_ & X8)) - currentData_.totalDebtLiq;
        // Updating vault variables on storage
        // Converting total supply & total borrow in 64 bits (56 | 8) bignumber
        vaultVariables =
            (vaultVariables_ & 0xfffffffffffc00000000000000000000000000000003ffffffffffffffffffff) |
            (temp_.toBigNumber(56, 8, BigMathMinified.ROUND_DOWN) << 82) | // total supply
            (temp2_.toBigNumber(56, 8, BigMathMinified.ROUND_UP) << 146); // total borrow

        emit LogLiquidate(msg.sender, actualColAmt_, actualDebtAmt_, to_);
    }

    /// @dev Checks total supply of vault's in Liquidity Layer & Vault contract and rebalance it accordingly
    /// if vault supply is more than Liquidity Layer then deposit difference through reserve/rebalance contract
    /// if vault supply is less than Liquidity Layer then withdraw difference to reserve/rebalance contract
    /// if vault borrow is more than Liquidity Layer then borrow difference to reserve/rebalance contract
    /// if vault borrow is less than Liquidity Layer then payback difference through reserve/rebalance contract
    function rebalance() external payable returns (int supplyAmt_, int borrowAmt_) {
        (supplyAmt_, borrowAmt_) = abi.decode(_spell(SECONDARY_IMPLEMENTATION, msg.data), (int, int));
    }

    /// @dev liquidity callback for cheaper token transfers in case of deposit or payback.
    /// only callable by Liquidity during an operation.
    function liquidityCallback(address token_, uint amount_, bytes calldata data_) external {
        if (msg.sender != address(LIQUIDITY))
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__InvalidLiquidityCallbackAddress);
        if (vaultVariables & 1 == 0) revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__NotEntered);

        SafeTransfer.safeTransferFrom(token_, abi.decode(data_, (address)), address(LIQUIDITY), amount_);
    }

    constructor(ConstantViews memory constants_) Helpers(constants_) {
        // Note that vaults are deployed by VaultFactory so we somewhat trust the values being passed in

        // Setting branch in vault.
        vaultVariables = (vaultVariables) | (1 << 22) | (1 << 52);

        uint liqSupplyExchangePrice_ = (LIQUIDITY.readFromStorage(LIQUIDITY_SUPPLY_EXCHANGE_PRICE_SLOT) >>
            LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_SUPPLY_EXCHANGE_PRICE) & X64;
        uint liqBorrowExchangePrice_ = (LIQUIDITY.readFromStorage(LIQUIDITY_BORROW_EXCHANGE_PRICE_SLOT) >>
            LiquiditySlotsLink.BITS_EXCHANGE_PRICES_BORROW_EXCHANGE_PRICE) & X64;

        if (
            liqSupplyExchangePrice_ < EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION || liqBorrowExchangePrice_ < EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION
        ) {
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__TokenNotInitialized);
        }
        // Updating initial rates in storage
        rates =
            liqSupplyExchangePrice_ |
            (liqBorrowExchangePrice_ << 64) |
            (EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION << 128) |
            (EXCHANGE_PRICES_PRECISION << 192);
    }

    fallback() external {
        if (!(VAULT_FACTORY.isGlobalAuth(msg.sender) || VAULT_FACTORY.isVaultAuth(address(this), msg.sender))) {
            revert FluidVaultError(ErrorTypes.VaultT1__NotAnAuth);
        }

        // Delegate the current call to `implementation`.
        // This does not return to its internall call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        _spell(ADMIN_IMPLEMENTATION, msg.data);
    }

    function _spell(address target_, bytes memory data_) private returns (bytes memory response_) {
        assembly {
            let succeeded := delegatecall(gas(), target_, add(data_, 0x20), mload(data_), 0, 0)
            let size := returndatasize()

            response_ := mload(0x40)
            mstore(0x40, add(response_, and(add(add(size, 0x20), 0x1f), not(0x1f))))
            mstore(response_, size)
            returndatacopy(add(response_, 0x20), 0, size)

            switch iszero(succeeded)
            case 1 {
                // throw if delegatecall failed
                returndatacopy(0x00, 0x00, size)
                revert(0x00, size)
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

import { LibsErrorTypes as ErrorTypes } from "./errorTypes.sol";

/// @notice provides minimalistic methods for safe transfers, e.g. ERC20 safeTransferFrom
library SafeTransfer {
    error FluidSafeTransferError(uint256 errorId_);

    /// @dev Transfer `amount_` of `token_` from `from_` to `to_`, spending the approval given by `from_` to the
    /// calling contract. If `token_` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
    /// Minimally modified from Solmate SafeTransferLib (address as input param for token, Custom Error):
    /// https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/50e15bb566f98b7174da9b0066126a4c3e75e0fd/src/utils/SafeTransferLib.sol#L31-L63
    function safeTransferFrom(address token_, address from_, address to_, uint256 amount_) internal {
        bool success_;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            // Get a pointer to some free memory.
            let freeMemoryPointer := mload(0x40)

            // Write the abi-encoded calldata into memory, beginning with the function selector.
            mstore(freeMemoryPointer, 0x23b872dd00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
            mstore(add(freeMemoryPointer, 4), and(from_, 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff)) // Append and mask the "from_" argument.
            mstore(add(freeMemoryPointer, 36), and(to_, 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff)) // Append and mask the "to_" argument.
            mstore(add(freeMemoryPointer, 68), amount_) // Append the "amount_" argument. Masking not required as it's a full 32 byte type.

            success_ := and(
                // Set success to whether the call reverted, if not we check it either
                // returned exactly 1 (can't just be non-zero data), or had no return data.
                or(and(eq(mload(0), 1), gt(returndatasize(), 31)), iszero(returndatasize())),
                // We use 100 because the length of our calldata totals up like so: 4 + 32 * 3.
                // We use 0 and 32 to copy up to 32 bytes of return data into the scratch space.
                // Counterintuitively, this call must be positioned second to the or() call in the
                // surrounding and() call or else returndatasize() will be zero during the computation.
                call(gas(), token_, 0, freeMemoryPointer, 100, 0, 32)
            )
        }

        if (!success_) {
            revert FluidSafeTransferError(ErrorTypes.SafeTransfer__TransferFromFailed);
        }
    }

    /// @dev Transfer `amount_` of `token_` to `to_`.
    /// If `token_` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
    /// Minimally modified from Solmate SafeTransferLib (address as input param for token, Custom Error):
    /// https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/50e15bb566f98b7174da9b0066126a4c3e75e0fd/src/utils/SafeTransferLib.sol#L65-L95
    function safeTransfer(address token_, address to_, uint256 amount_) internal {
        bool success_;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            // Get a pointer to some free memory.
            let freeMemoryPointer := mload(0x40)

            // Write the abi-encoded calldata into memory, beginning with the function selector.
            mstore(freeMemoryPointer, 0xa9059cbb00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
            mstore(add(freeMemoryPointer, 4), and(to_, 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff)) // Append and mask the "to_" argument.
            mstore(add(freeMemoryPointer, 36), amount_) // Append the "amount_" argument. Masking not required as it's a full 32 byte type.

            success_ := and(
                // Set success to whether the call reverted, if not we check it either
                // returned exactly 1 (can't just be non-zero data), or had no return data.
                or(and(eq(mload(0), 1), gt(returndatasize(), 31)), iszero(returndatasize())),
                // We use 68 because the length of our calldata totals up like so: 4 + 32 * 2.
                // We use 0 and 32 to copy up to 32 bytes of return data into the scratch space.
                // Counterintuitively, this call must be positioned second to the or() call in the
                // surrounding and() call or else returndatasize() will be zero during the computation.
                call(gas(), token_, 0, freeMemoryPointer, 68, 0, 32)
            )
        }

        if (!success_) {
            revert FluidSafeTransferError(ErrorTypes.SafeTransfer__TransferFailed);
        }
    }

    /// @dev Transfer `amount_` of ` native token to `to_`.
    /// Minimally modified from Solmate SafeTransferLib (Custom Error):
    /// https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/50e15bb566f98b7174da9b0066126a4c3e75e0fd/src/utils/SafeTransferLib.sol#L15-L25
    function safeTransferNative(address to_, uint256 amount_) internal {
        bool success_;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            // Transfer the ETH and store if it succeeded or not.
            success_ := call(gas(), to_, amount_, 0, 0, 0, 0)
        }

        if (!success_) {
            revert FluidSafeTransferError(ErrorTypes.SafeTransfer__TransferFailed);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

/// @notice implements a method to read uint256 data from storage at a bytes32 storage slot key.
contract StorageRead {
    function readFromStorage(bytes32 slot_) public view returns (uint256 result_) {
        assembly {
            result_ := sload(slot_) // read value from the storage slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

contract Structs {
    // structs are used to mitigate Stack too deep errors

    struct OperateMemoryVars {
        // ## User's position before update ##
        uint oldColRaw;
        uint oldNetDebtRaw; // total debt - dust debt
        int oldTick;
        // ## User's position after update ##
        uint colRaw;
        uint debtRaw;
        uint dustDebtRaw;
        int tick;
        uint tickId;
        // others
        uint256 vaultVariables2;
        uint256 branchId;
        int256 topTick;
        uint liquidityExPrice;
        uint supplyExPrice;
        uint borrowExPrice;
        uint branchData;
        // user's supply slot data in liquidity
        uint userSupplyLiquidityData;
    }

    struct BranchData {
        uint id;
        uint data;
        uint ratio;
        uint debtFactor;
        int minimaTick;
        uint baseBranchData;
    }

    struct TickData {
        int tick;
        uint data;
        uint ratio;
        uint ratioOneLess;
        uint length;
        uint currentRatio; // current tick is ratio with partials.
        uint partials;
    }

    // note: All the below token amounts are in raw form.
    struct CurrentLiquidity {
        uint256 debtRemaining; // Debt remaining to liquidate
        uint256 debt; // Current liquidatable debt before reaching next check point
        uint256 col; // Calculate using debt & ratioCurrent
        uint256 colPerDebt; // How much collateral to liquidate per unit of Debt
        uint256 totalDebtLiq; // Total debt liquidated till now
        uint256 totalColLiq; // Total collateral liquidated till now
        int tick; // Current tick to liquidate
        uint ratio; // Current ratio to liquidate
        uint tickStatus; // if 1 then it's a perfect tick, if 2 that means it's a liquidated tick
        int refTick; // ref tick to liquidate
        uint refRatio; // ratio at ref tick
        uint refTickStatus; // if 1 then it's a perfect tick, if 2 that means it's a liquidated tick, if 3 that means it's a liquidation threshold
    }

    struct TickHasDebt {
        int tick; // current tick
        int nextTick; // next tick with liquidity
        int mapId; // mapping ID of tickHasDebt
        uint bitsToRemove; // liquidity to remove till tick_ so we can search for next tick
        uint tickHasDebt; // getting tickHasDebt_ from tickHasDebt[mapId_]
        uint mostSigBit; // most significant bit in tickHasDebt_ to get the next tick
    }

    struct LiquidateMemoryVars {
        uint256 vaultVariables2;
        int liquidationTick;
        int maxTick;
        uint256 supplyExPrice;
        uint256 borrowExPrice;
    }

    struct AbsorbMemoryVariables {
        uint256 debtAbsorbed;
        uint256 colAbsorbed;
        int256 startingTick;
        uint256 mostSigBit;
    }

    struct ConstantViews {
        address liquidity;
        address factory;
        address adminImplementation;
        address secondaryImplementation;
        address supplyToken;
        address borrowToken;
        uint8 supplyDecimals;
        uint8 borrowDecimals;
        uint vaultId;
        bytes32 liquiditySupplyExchangePriceSlot;
        bytes32 liquidityBorrowExchangePriceSlot;
        bytes32 liquidityUserSupplySlot;
        bytes32 liquidityUserBorrowSlot;
    }

    struct RebalanceMemoryVariables {
        uint256 liqSupplyExPrice;
        uint256 liqBorrowExPrice;
        uint256 vaultSupplyExPrice;
        uint256 vaultBorrowExPrice;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.21;

/// @title library that calculates number "tick" and "ratioX96" from this: ratioX96 = (1.0015^tick) * 2^96
/// @notice this library is used in Fluid Vault protocol for optimiziation.
/// @dev "tick" supports between -32767 and 32767. "ratioX96" supports between 37075072 and 169307877264527972847801929085841449095838922544595
library TickMath {
    /// The minimum tick that can be passed in getRatioAtTick. 1.0015**-32767
    int24 internal constant MIN_TICK = -32767;
    /// The maximum tick that can be passed in getRatioAtTick. 1.0015**32767
    int24 internal constant MAX_TICK = 32767;

    uint256 internal constant FACTOR00 = 0x100000000000000000000000000000000;
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR01 = 0xff9dd7de423466c20352b1246ce4856f; // 2^128/1.0015**1 = 339772707859149738855091969477551883631
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR02 = 0xff3bd55f4488ad277531fa1c725a66d0; // 2^128/1.0015**2 = 339263812140938331358054887146831636176
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR03 = 0xfe78410fd6498b73cb96a6917f853259; // 2^128/1.0015**4 = 338248306163758188337119769319392490073
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR04 = 0xfcf2d9987c9be178ad5bfeffaa123273; // 2^128/1.0015**8 = 336226404141693512316971918999264834163
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR05 = 0xf9ef02c4529258b057769680fc6601b3; // 2^128/1.0015**16 = 332218786018727629051611634067491389875
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR06 = 0xf402d288133a85a17784a411f7aba082; // 2^128/1.0015**32 = 324346285652234375371948336458280706178
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR07 = 0xe895615b5beb6386553757b0352bda90; // 2^128/1.0015**64 = 309156521885964218294057947947195947664
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR08 = 0xd34f17a00ffa00a8309940a15930391a; // 2^128/1.0015**128 = 280877777739312896540849703637713172762 
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR09 = 0xae6b7961714e20548d88ea5123f9a0ff; // 2^128/1.0015**256 = 231843708922198649176471782639349113087
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR10 = 0x76d6461f27082d74e0feed3b388c0ca1; // 2^128/1.0015**512 = 157961477267171621126394973980180876449
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR11 = 0x372a3bfe0745d8b6b19d985d9a8b85bb; // 2^128/1.0015**1024 = 73326833024599564193373530205717235131
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR12 = 0x0be32cbee48979763cf7247dd7bb539d; // 2^128/1.0015**2048 = 15801066890623697521348224657638773661
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR13 = 0x8d4f70c9ff4924dac37612d1e2921e;   // 2^128/1.0015**4096 = 733725103481409245883800626999235102
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR14 = 0x4e009ae5519380809a02ca7aec77;     // 2^128/1.0015**8192 = 1582075887005588088019997442108535
    uint256 internal constant FACTOR15 = 0x17c45e641b6e95dee056ff10;         // 2^128/1.0015**16384 = 7355550435635883087458926352

    /// The minimum value that can be returned from getRatioAtTick. Equivalent to getRatioAtTick(MIN_TICK). ~ Equivalent to `(1 << 96) * (1.0015**-32767)`
    uint256 internal constant MIN_RATIOX96 = 37075072;
    /// The maximum value that can be returned from getRatioAtTick. Equivalent to getRatioAtTick(MAX_TICK).
    /// ~ Equivalent to `(1 << 96) * (1.0015**32767)`, rounding etc. leading to minor difference
    uint256 internal constant MAX_RATIOX96 = 169307877264527972847801929085841449095838922544595;

    uint256 internal constant ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO = 0x1000000000000000000000000; // 1 << 96 // 79228162514264337593543950336
    uint256 internal constant _1E26 = 1e26;

    /// @notice ratioX96 = (1.0015^tick) * 2^96
    /// @dev Throws if |tick| > max tick
    /// @param tick The input tick for the above formula
    /// @return ratioX96 ratio = (debt amount/collateral amount)
    function getRatioAtTick(int tick) internal pure returns (uint256 ratioX96) {
        assembly {
            let absTick_ := sub(xor(tick, sar(255, tick)), sar(255, tick))

            if gt(absTick_, MAX_TICK) {
                revert(0, 0)
            }
            let factor_ := FACTOR00
            if and(absTick_, 0x1) {
                factor_ := FACTOR01
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x2) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR02))
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x4) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR03))
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x8) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR04))
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x10) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR05))
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x20) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR06))
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x40) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR07))
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x80) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR08))
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x100) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR09))
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x200) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR10))
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x400) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR11))
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x800) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR12))
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x1000) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR13))
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x2000) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR14))
            }
            if and(absTick_, 0x4000) {
                factor_ := shr(128, mul(factor_, FACTOR15))
            }

            let precision_ := 0
            if iszero(and(tick, 0x8000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)) {
                factor_ := div(0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff, factor_)
                // we round up in the division so getTickAtRatio of the output price is always consistent
                if mod(factor_, 0x100000000) {
                    precision_ := 1
                }
            }
            ratioX96 := add(shr(32, factor_), precision_)
        }
    }

    /// @notice ratioX96 = (1.0015^tick) * 2^96
    /// @dev Throws if ratioX96 > max ratio || ratioX96 < min ratio
    /// @param ratioX96 The input ratio; ratio = (debt amount/collateral amount)
    /// @return tick The output tick for the above formula. Returns in round down form. if tick is 123.23 then 123, if tick is -123.23 then returns -124
    /// @return perfectRatioX96 perfect ratio for the above tick
    function getTickAtRatio(uint256 ratioX96) internal pure returns (int tick, uint perfectRatioX96) {
        assembly {
            if or(gt(ratioX96, MAX_RATIOX96), lt(ratioX96, MIN_RATIOX96)) {
                revert(0, 0)
            }

            let cond := lt(ratioX96, ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO)
            let factor_

            if iszero(cond) {
                // if ratioX96 >= ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO
                factor_ := div(mul(ratioX96, _1E26), ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO)
            }
            if cond {
                // ratioX96 < ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO
                factor_ := div(mul(ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO, _1E26), ratioX96)
            }

            // put in https://www.wolframalpha.com/ whole equation: (1.0015^tick) * 2^96 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336

            // for tick = 16384
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^16384) * 2^96 = 3665252098134783297721995888537077351735
            // 3665252098134783297721995888537077351735 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 4626198540796508716348404308345255985.06131964639489434655721
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 4626198540796508716348404308345255985)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x4000)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 4626198540796508716348404308345255985)
            }
            // for tick = 8192
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^8192) * 2^96 = 17040868196391020479062776466509865
            // 17040868196391020479062776466509865 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 21508599537851153911767490449162.3037648642153898377655505172
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 21508599537851153911767490449162)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x2000)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 21508599537851153911767490449162)
            }
            // for tick = 4096
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^4096) * 2^96 = 36743933851015821532611831851150
            // 36743933851015821532611831851150 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 46377364670549310883002866648.9777607649742626173648716941385
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 46377364670549310883002866649)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x1000)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 46377364670549310883002866649)
            }
            // for tick = 2048
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^2048) * 2^96 = 1706210527034005899209104452335
            // 1706210527034005899209104452335 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 2153540449365864845468344760.06357108484096046743300420319322
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 2153540449365864845468344760)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x800)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 2153540449365864845468344760)
            }
            // for tick = 1024
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^1024) * 2^96 = 367668226692760093024536487236
            // 367668226692760093024536487236 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 464062544207767844008185024.950588990554136265212906454481127
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 464062544207767844008185025)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x400)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 464062544207767844008185025)
            }
            // for tick = 512
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^512) * 2^96 = 170674186729409605620119663668
            // 170674186729409605620119663668 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 215421109505955298802281577.031879604792139232258508172947569
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 215421109505955298802281577)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x200)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 215421109505955298802281577)
            }
            // for tick = 256
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^256) * 2^96 = 116285004205991934861656513301
            // 116285004205991934861656513301 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 146772309890508740607270614.667650899656438875541505058062410
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 146772309890508740607270615)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x100)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 146772309890508740607270615)
            }
            // for tick = 128
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^128) * 2^96 = 95984619659632141743747099590
            // 95984619659632141743747099590 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 121149622323187099817270416.157248837742741760456796835775887
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 121149622323187099817270416)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x80)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 121149622323187099817270416)
            }
            // for tick = 64
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^64) * 2^96 = 87204845308406958006717891124
            // 87204845308406958006717891124 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 110067989135437147685980801.568068573422377364214113968609839
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 110067989135437147685980801)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x40)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 110067989135437147685980801)
            }
            // for tick = 32
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^32) * 2^96 = 83120873769022354029916374475
            // 83120873769022354029916374475 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 104913292358707887270979599.831816586773651266562785765558183
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 104913292358707887270979600)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x20)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 104913292358707887270979600)
            }
            // for tick = 16
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^16) * 2^96 = 81151180492336368327184716176
            // 81151180492336368327184716176 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 102427189924701091191840927.762844039579442328381455567932128
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 102427189924701091191840928)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x10)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 102427189924701091191840928)
            }
            // for tick = 8
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^8) * 2^96 = 80183906840906820640659903620
            // 80183906840906820640659903620 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 101206318935480056907421312.890625
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 101206318935480056907421313)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x8)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 101206318935480056907421313)
            }
            // for tick = 4
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^4) * 2^96 = 79704602139525152702959747603
            // 79704602139525152702959747603 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 100601351350506250000000000
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 100601351350506250000000000)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x4)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 100601351350506250000000000)
            }
            // for tick = 2
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^2) * 2^96 = 79466025265172787701084167660
            // 79466025265172787701084167660 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 100300225000000000000000000
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 100300225000000000000000000)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x2)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 100300225000000000000000000)
            }
            // for tick = 1
            // ratioX96 = (1.0015^1) * 2^96 = 79347004758035734099934266261
            // 79347004758035734099934266261 * 10^26 / 79228162514264337593543950336 =
            // 100150000000000000000000000
            if iszero(lt(factor_, 100150000000000000000000000)) {
                tick := or(tick, 0x1)
                factor_ := div(mul(factor_, _1E26), 100150000000000000000000000)
            }
            if iszero(cond) {
                // if ratioX96 >= ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO
                perfectRatioX96 := div(mul(ratioX96, _1E26), factor_)
            }
            if cond {
                // ratioX96 < ZERO_TICK_SCALED_RATIO
                tick := not(tick)
                perfectRatioX96 := div(mul(ratioX96, factor_), 100150000000000000000000000)
            }
            // perfect ratio should always be <= ratioX96
            // not sure if it can ever be bigger but better to have extra checks
            if gt(perfectRatioX96, ratioX96) {
                revert(0, 0)
            }
        }
    }
}