// SPDX-License-Identifier: MITpragmasolidity ^0.8.9;/**
* @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
*/libraryAddress{
/**
* @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
*
* [IMPORTANT]
* ====
* It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
* false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
*
* Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
* types of addresses:
*
* - an externally-owned account
* - a contract in construction
* - an address where a contract will be created
* - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
* ====
*/functionisContract(address account) internalviewreturns (bool) {
// This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in// construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the// constructor execution.uint256 size;
// solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assemblyassembly { size :=extcodesize(account) }
return size >0;
}
/**
* @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
* `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
*
* https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
* of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
* imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
* `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
*
* https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
*
* IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
* taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
* {ReentrancyGuard} or the
* https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
*/functionsendValue(addresspayable recipient, uint256 amount) internal{
require(address(this).balance>= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");
// solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
(bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
}
/**
* @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
* plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
* function instead.
*
* If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
* function (like regular Solidity function calls).
*
* Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
* use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `target` must be a contract.
* - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
*
* _Available since v3.1._
*/functionfunctionCall(address target, bytesmemory data) internalreturns (bytesmemory) {
return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
}
/**
* @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
* `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
*
* _Available since v3.1._
*/functionfunctionCall(address target, bytesmemory data, stringmemory errorMessage) internalreturns (bytesmemory) {
return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
}
/**
* @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
* but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
* - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
*
* _Available since v3.1._
*/functionfunctionCallWithValue(address target, bytesmemory data, uint256 value) internalreturns (bytesmemory) {
return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
}
/**
* @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
* with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
*
* _Available since v3.1._
*/functionfunctionCallWithValue(address target, bytesmemory data, uint256 value, stringmemory errorMessage) internalreturns (bytesmemory) {
require(address(this).balance>= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
// solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
(bool success, bytesmemory returndata) = target.call{ value: value }(data);
return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
}
/**
* @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
* but performing a static call.
*
* _Available since v3.3._
*/functionfunctionStaticCall(address target, bytesmemory data) internalviewreturns (bytesmemory) {
return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
}
/**
* @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
* but performing a static call.
*
* _Available since v3.3._
*/functionfunctionStaticCall(address target, bytesmemory data, stringmemory errorMessage) internalviewreturns (bytesmemory) {
require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");
// solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
(bool success, bytesmemory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
}
/**
* @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
* but performing a delegate call.
*
* _Available since v3.4._
*/functionfunctionDelegateCall(address target, bytesmemory data) internalreturns (bytesmemory) {
return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
}
/**
* @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
* but performing a delegate call.
*
* _Available since v3.4._
*/functionfunctionDelegateCall(address target, bytesmemory data, stringmemory errorMessage) internalreturns (bytesmemory) {
require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");
// solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
(bool success, bytesmemory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
return _verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
}
function_verifyCallResult(bool success, bytesmemory returndata, stringmemory errorMessage) privatepurereturns(bytesmemory) {
if (success) {
return returndata;
} else {
// Look for revert reason and bubble it up if presentif (returndata.length>0) {
// The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly// solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assemblyassembly {
let returndata_size :=mload(returndata)
revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
}
} else {
revert(errorMessage);
}
}
}
}
Contract Source Code
File 2 of 14: Base64.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MITpragmasolidity ^0.8.9;/// @title Base64/// @author Brecht Devos - <brecht@loopring.org>/// @notice Provides a function for encoding some bytes in base64libraryBase64{
stringinternalconstant TABLE ='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/';
functionencode(bytesmemory data) internalpurereturns (stringmemory) {
if (data.length==0) return'';
// load the table into memorystringmemory table = TABLE;
// multiply by 4/3 rounded upuint256 encodedLen =4* ((data.length+2) /3);
// add some extra buffer at the end required for the writingstringmemory result =newstring(encodedLen +32);
assembly {
// set the actual output lengthmstore(result, encodedLen)
// prepare the lookup tablelet tablePtr :=add(table, 1)
// input ptrlet dataPtr := data
let endPtr :=add(dataPtr, mload(data))
// result ptr, jump over lengthlet resultPtr :=add(result, 32)
// run over the input, 3 bytes at a timefor {} lt(dataPtr, endPtr) {}
{
dataPtr :=add(dataPtr, 3)
// read 3 byteslet input :=mload(dataPtr)
// write 4 charactersmstore(resultPtr, shl(248, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(18, input), 0x3F)))))
resultPtr :=add(resultPtr, 1)
mstore(resultPtr, shl(248, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr(12, input), 0x3F)))))
resultPtr :=add(resultPtr, 1)
mstore(resultPtr, shl(248, mload(add(tablePtr, and(shr( 6, input), 0x3F)))))
resultPtr :=add(resultPtr, 1)
mstore(resultPtr, shl(248, mload(add(tablePtr, and( input, 0x3F)))))
resultPtr :=add(resultPtr, 1)
}
// padding with '='switchmod(mload(data), 3)
case1 { mstore(sub(resultPtr, 2), shl(240, 0x3d3d)) }
case2 { mstore(sub(resultPtr, 1), shl(248, 0x3d)) }
}
return result;
}
}
Contract Source Code
File 3 of 14: Collection.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MITpragmasolidity ^0.8.9;import"./ERC721.sol";
import"./utils/Base64.sol";
import"./utils/MerkleProof.sol";
import"./CollectionDescriptor.sol";
/*
___________.__ __________ _____
\__ ___/| |__ ____ \______ \ ____ ____ _____ _____/ ____\
| | | | \_/ __ \ | _// _ \ / _ \ / \ / _ \ __\
| | | Y \ ___/ | | ( <_> | <_> ) Y Y \ ( <_> ) |
|____| |___| /\___ > |____|_ /\____/ \____/|__|_| / \____/|__|
\/ \/ \/ \/
.___ _____.__ .__ __ __________ .__ __ .__
| | _____/ ____\__| ____ |__|/ |_ ____ \______ \_____ |__| _____/ |_|__| ____ ____ ______
| |/ \ __\| |/ \| \ __\/ __ \ | ___/\__ \ | |/ \ __\ |/ \ / ___\/ ___/
| | | \ | | | | \ || | \ ___/ | | / __ \| | | \ | | | | \/ /_/ >___ \
|___|___| /__| |__|___| /__||__| \___ > |____| (____ /__|___| /__| |__|___| /\___ /____ >
\/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \//_____/ \/
Lost in the simulation, a painter spent the rest of their infinite life, painting the feeling of their infinite room.
No one knows how far it goes, but apparently, it is infinite.
What is known, however is that over time, the painter resorted to increasing minimalism.
Up to the 1 million mints, the odds of increasingly painting with more minimal features becomes possible.
CC0 On-Chain SVG Generative Art.
Untitled Frontier Project by @simondlr (Simon de la Rouviere).
Logged Universe Season 1 Interlude Art.
Free to mint. Infinite Supply.
*//**
* @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
* the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
* {ERC721Enumerable}.
*/contractCollectionisERC721{
addresspublic owner =0xaF69610ea9ddc95883f97a6a3171d52165b69B03; // for opensea integration. doesn't do anything else.
CollectionDescriptor public descriptor;
mapping (uint256=>bytes) public hashes;
uint256public totalSupply =0;
// todo: for testing// uint256 public newlyMinted;/**
* @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
*/constructor (stringmemory name_, stringmemory symbol_) ERC721(name_, symbol_) {
descriptor =new CollectionDescriptor();
// mint #1 to UF to kickstart it
_createNFT(owner);
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
*/functiontokenURI(uint256 tokenId) publicviewvirtualoverridereturns (stringmemory) {
require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721Metadata: URI query for nonexistent token");
bytesmemory hash = hashes[tokenId];
stringmemory name = descriptor.generateName(tokenId);
stringmemory description ="The Room of Infinite Paintings: a simulated mind's infinite attempt for meaning.";
stringmemory image = generateBase64Image(hash, tokenId);
stringmemory attributes = generateTraits(hash, tokenId);
returnstring(
abi.encodePacked(
'data:application/json;base64,',
Base64.encode(
bytes(
abi.encodePacked(
'{"name":"',
name,
'", "description":"',
description,
'", "image": "',
'data:image/svg+xml;base64,',
image,'",',
attributes,
'}'
)
)
)
)
);
}
functiongenerateBase64Image(bytesmemory hash, uint256 tokenId) publicviewreturns (stringmemory) {
bytesmemory img =bytes(generateImage(hash, tokenId));
return Base64.encode(img);
}
functiongenerateImageFromTokenID(uint256 tokenId) publicviewreturns (stringmemory) {
bytesmemory hash = hashes[tokenId];
return descriptor.generateImage(hash, tokenId);
}
functiongenerateImage(bytesmemory hash, uint256 tokenId) publicviewreturns (stringmemory) {
return descriptor.generateImage(hash, tokenId);
}
functiongenerateTraits(bytesmemory hash, uint256 tokenId) publicviewreturns (stringmemory) {
return descriptor.generateTraits(hash, tokenId);
}
functionmint() public{
_mint(msg.sender);
}
// internal mint (not necessary, but keeping it for vestigial reasons based on the template used)function_mint(address _owner) internal{
_createNFT(_owner);
}
function_createNFT(address _owner) internal{
totalSupply+=1;
bytesmemory hash =abi.encodePacked(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(totalSupply, block.timestamp, _owner)));
hashes[totalSupply] = hash;
super._mint(_owner, totalSupply);
// newlyMinted = totalSupply;
}
}
Contract Source Code
File 4 of 14: CollectionDescriptor.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MITpragmasolidity ^0.8.11;import'./SVG.sol';
import'./Utils.sol';
// Renderer + SVG.sol + Utils.sol from hot-chain-svg.// Modified to fit the project.// https://github.com/w1nt3r-eth/hot-chain-svgcontractRenderer{
functionrender(bytesmemory hash, uint256 _tokenId) publicpurereturns (stringmemory) {
uint256 midPoint =uint256(toUint8(hash,0))*300/256; // 0 - 299uint256 midPoint2 =uint256(toUint8(hash,1))*300/256; // 0 - 299uint256 gap =10+uint256(toUint8(hash,2))/4; // 0 - 63 uint256 shiftTopY =300- midPoint;
uint256 shiftBottomY =300+ midPoint;
returnstring.concat(
'<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="300" height="300" style="background:#000">',
definitions(hash, _tokenId),
room(shiftTopY, shiftBottomY),
gradientRects(shiftTopY, shiftBottomY),
stars(shiftTopY, shiftBottomY),
polygons(gap, midPoint, midPoint2),
'</svg>'
);
}
functiondefinitions(bytesmemory hash, uint256 _tokenId) publicpurereturns (stringmemory) {
returnstring.concat(gradients(), filters(hash, _tokenId));
}
/*
To emphasise the feeling of the horizon disappearing.
*/functiongradients() publicpurereturns (stringmemory) {
returnstring.concat(
svg.linearGradient(
string.concat(svg.prop('id', 'topGradient'),svg.prop('gradientTransform', 'rotate(90)')),
string.concat(svg.gradientStop(80, 'white',svg.prop('stop-opacity', '0')),svg.gradientStop(100, 'white', svg.prop('stop-opacity', '1')))
)
);
}
functionfilters(bytesmemory hash, uint256 _tokenId) publicpurereturns (stringmemory) {
stringmemory roomBF = generateBaseFrequency(hash, 3, 4, ['0.0', '0.00', '0.000']);
stringmemory starsBF = generateBaseFrequency(hash, 5, 6, ['0.', '0.0', '0.00']);
stringmemory starsOctaves = utils.uint2str(1+uint256(toUint8(hash,7))*4/256); // 1 - 4stringmemory roomSeed = utils.uint2str(uint256(toUint8(hash,8))*uint256(toUint8(hash,9))*uint256(toUint8(hash,10))); // 0 - 16581375stringmemory starSeed = utils.uint2str(uint256(toUint8(hash,11))*uint256(toUint8(hash,12))*uint256(toUint8(hash,13))); // 0 - 16581375returnstring.concat(
svg.filter(
svg.prop('id','room'),
string.concat(
svg.el('feTurbulence', string.concat(svg.prop('baseFrequency', roomBF),svg.prop('seed', roomSeed), svg.prop('result', 'turb'))),
svg.el('feColorMatrix', svg.prop('values', generateColorMatrix(hash, _tokenId)))
)
),
svg.filter(
svg.prop('id', 'stars'),
string.concat(
svg.el('feTurbulence', string.concat(svg.prop('type', 'fractalNoise'), svg.prop('numOctaves', starsOctaves), svg.prop('baseFrequency', starsBF), svg.prop('seed', starSeed), svg.prop('result', 'turb'))),
svg.el('feColorMatrix', svg.prop('values', '15 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 -15 5'))
)
)
);
}
functiongenerateBaseFrequency(bytesmemory hash, uint256 index1, uint index2, string[3] memory decimalStrings) publicpurereturns (stringmemory) {
stringmemory strNr = utils.uint2str(1+uint256(toUint8(hash,index1))*1000/256); // 1 - 997 (ish)uint256 dec =uint256(toUint8(hash, index2))*3/256; // 0 - 2stringmemory bf =string.concat(decimalStrings[dec], strNr);
return bf;
}
/* DRAWING SVG */functionroom(uint256 shiftTopY, uint256 shiftBottomY) publicpurereturns (stringmemory) {
stringmemory rectProps =string.concat(
svg.prop('width', '300'),
svg.prop('height', '300'),
svg.prop('filter', 'url(#room)')
);
stringmemory topTranslate =string.concat('translate(0,-',utils.uint2str(shiftTopY+30),')'); // move it up to horizonstringmemory bottomTranslate =string.concat('translate(0,', utils.uint2str(shiftBottomY+30),') scale(-1,1) rotate(180)'); // move it down to floor of horizon, flip and rotate to mirrorreturnstring.concat(
svg.rect(
string.concat(
rectProps,
svg.prop('transform', topTranslate)
)
),
svg.rect(
string.concat(
rectProps,
svg.prop('transform', bottomTranslate)
)
)
);
}
functiongenerateColorMatrix(bytesmemory hash, uint256 _tokenId) publicpurereturns (stringmemory) {
stringmemory strMatrix;
for(uint i =0; i<20; i+=1) {
// re-uses entropyuint matrixOffset =uint256(toUint8(hash, i))/4; // 0 - 64uint negOrPos = toUint8(hash, i); // 0 - 255if(i ==18) {
// the minimalism factor is defined by the alpha/alpha offset in the color matrix.// positive == changing to more colour// negative == taking colour away// the range is +64 -> -64 (128 digits)// max minimalism arrives at 1m mints.uint256 diff = generateMinimalismFactor(hash, i, _tokenId);
// signed ints would've been better, but using unsigned<->string utils, so just manually adding pos/neg signs.stringmemory modStr;
if (diff >64) {
modStr =string.concat("-", utils.uint2str(diff-64), ' ');
} else {
modStr =string.concat(utils.uint2str(64-diff), ' ');
}
strMatrix =string.concat(strMatrix, modStr);
} elseif(i==4|| i ==9|| i==14|| i ==19) {
strMatrix =string.concat(strMatrix, '1 '); // end multiplier of channels (should be linear change, not multiplied)
} elseif(negOrPos <128) { // random chance of adding or taking away colour (or alpha) from rgba
strMatrix =string.concat(strMatrix, utils.uint2str(matrixOffset), ' ');
} else {
strMatrix =string.concat(strMatrix, '-', utils.uint2str(matrixOffset), ' ');
}
}
return strMatrix;
}
/*
A number in between 0 - 128, where 0 is most maximal. No attempt at minimalism.
128 is the most minimal (given the constraints of the artist).
It becomes more likely to produce a more minimal painting as it approaches 1 million.
eg, at mint 1 -> minimalism factor is 0.
at mint 1,000,000 -> minimalism factor could be between 0 - 128.
*/functiongenerateMinimalismFactor(bytesmemory hash, uint256 index, uint256 _tokenId) publicpurereturns (uint256) {
uint256 rnr =uint256(toUint8(hash, index))/2+1; // 1 - 128uint256 diff;
if(_tokenId >1000000) {
diff = rnr;
} else {
diff = _tokenId*rnr/1000000;
}
return diff;
}
/*
Some distant stars or nearby galactic nebula. Adds a shine to the room of infinite paintings.
*/functionstars(uint256 shiftTopY, uint256 shiftBottomY) publicpurereturns (stringmemory) {
stringmemory rectProps =string.concat(
svg.prop('width', '300'),
svg.prop('height', '300'),
svg.prop('filter', 'url(#stars)')
);
stringmemory topTranslate =string.concat('translate(0,-',utils.uint2str(shiftTopY+30),')');
stringmemory bottomTranslate =string.concat('translate(0,', utils.uint2str(shiftBottomY+30),') scale(-1,1) rotate(180)');
returnstring.concat(
svg.rect(
string.concat(
rectProps,
svg.prop('transform', topTranslate)
)
),
svg.rect(
string.concat(
rectProps,
svg.prop('transform', bottomTranslate)
)
)
);
}
functiongradientRects(uint256 shiftTopY, uint256 shiftBottomY) publicpurereturns (stringmemory) {
returnstring.concat(
svg.rect(string.concat(svg.prop('width', '300'), svg.prop('height', '300'), svg.prop('fill', 'url(#topGradient)'), svg.prop('transform', string.concat('translate(0,-',utils.uint2str(shiftTopY),')')))),
svg.rect(string.concat(svg.prop('width', '300'), svg.prop('height', '300'), svg.prop('fill', 'url(#topGradient)'), svg.prop('transform', string.concat('translate(0,', utils.uint2str(shiftBottomY),') scale(-1,1) rotate(180)'))))
);
}
/*
The polygons are to give the feeling of a room/area stretching into the horizon.
If the background canvas is white, it fulfills this better.
If the background is dark, however, the corner polygons make the polygons feel more like it ends in the corners. More artistic than the idea of a line fading into the horizon.
It's a subtle point to emphasise that the context of the infinite painting matters where it is viewed.
The initial intent goal was for it to be merely infinite, but instead of taking out the corner lines, I've kept it in to change the feeling of the painting based on what background canvas is used.
*/functionpolygons(uint256 gap, uint256 midPoint, uint256 midPoint2) publicpurereturns (stringmemory) {
uint256[8] memory polyPoints1 = [gap, 0, 0, 0, 0, gap, midPoint2, midPoint];
uint256[8] memory polyPoints2 = [0, 300-gap, 0, 300, gap, 300, midPoint2, midPoint];
uint256[8] memory polyPoints3 = [300-gap, 0, 300, 0, 300, gap, midPoint2, midPoint];
uint256[8] memory polyPoints4 = [300, 300-gap, 300, 300, 300-gap, 300, midPoint2, midPoint];
returnstring.concat(
polygon(polyPoints1),
polygon(polyPoints2),
polygon(polyPoints3),
polygon(polyPoints4)
);
}
functionpolygon(uint256[8] memory points) publicpurereturns (stringmemory) {
stringmemory poly =string.concat(utils.uint2str(points[0]),',',utils.uint2str(points[1]),' ',utils.uint2str(points[2]),',',utils.uint2str(points[3]),' ',utils.uint2str(points[4]),',',utils.uint2str(points[5]),' ',utils.uint2str(points[6]),',',utils.uint2str(points[7]));
return svg.el('polygon',
string.concat(
svg.prop('points', poly),
svg.prop('fill', 'none'),
svg.prop('stroke', 'white')
)
);
}
/* HELPER */// helper function for generation// from: https://github.com/GNSPS/solidity-bytes-utils/blob/master/contracts/BytesLib.sol functiontoUint8(bytesmemory _bytes, uint256 _start) internalpurereturns (uint8) {
require(_start +1>= _start, "toUint8_overflow");
require(_bytes.length>= _start +1 , "toUint8_outOfBounds");
uint8 tempUint;
assembly {
tempUint :=mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x1), _start))
}
return tempUint;
}
}
contractCollectionDescriptor{
Renderer public renderer;
constructor() {
renderer =new Renderer();
}
functiongenerateName(uint nr) publicpurereturns (stringmemory) {
returnstring(abi.encodePacked('Infinite Painting #', utils.uint2str(nr)));
}
/*
While the painting has many random variables (using & re-using ~34 random variables), the only trait to log and keep track of is the minimalism factor.
The rest should be collected/desired based on aesthetic appeal.
*/functiongenerateTraits(bytesmemory hash, uint256 tokenId) publicviewreturns (stringmemory) {
uint256 minimalFactor = renderer.generateMinimalismFactor(hash, 18, tokenId);
stringmemory traitType ='{"trait_type": "Minimalism Factor", "value":';
stringmemory traitValue =string.concat('"', utils.uint2str(minimalFactor), '"}');
returnstring(abi.encodePacked(
'"attributes": [',
traitType,
traitValue,
']'
));
}
functiongenerateImage(bytesmemory hash, uint256 tokenId) publicviewreturns (stringmemory) {
return renderer.render(hash, tokenId);
}
}
Contract Source Code
File 5 of 14: ERC165.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MITpragmasolidity ^0.8.9;import"./interfaces/IERC165.sol";
/**
* @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
*
* Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
* for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
*
* ```solidity
* function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
* return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
* }
* ```
*
* Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
*/abstractcontractERC165isIERC165{
/**
* @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
*/functionsupportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) publicviewvirtualoverridereturns (bool) {
return interfaceId ==type(IERC165).interfaceId;
}
}
Contract Source Code
File 6 of 14: ERC721.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MITpragmasolidity ^0.8.9;import"./interfaces/IERC721.sol";
import"./interfaces/IERC721Receiver.sol";
import"./interfaces/IERC721Metadata.sol";
import"./utils/Address.sol";
// import "../../utils/Context.sol";import"./utils/Strings.sol";
import"./ERC165.sol";
/**
* @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
* the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
* {ERC721Enumerable}.
*/contractERC721isERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata{
usingAddressforaddress;
usingStringsforuint256;
// Token namestringprivate _name;
// Token symbolstringprivate _symbol;
// Mapping from token ID to owner addressmapping (uint256=>address) private _owners;
// Mapping owner address to token countmapping (address=>uint256) private _balances;
// Mapping from token ID to approved addressmapping (uint256=>address) private _tokenApprovals;
// Mapping from owner to operator approvalsmapping (address=>mapping (address=>bool)) private _operatorApprovals;
/**
* @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
*/constructor (stringmemory name_, stringmemory symbol_) {
_name = name_;
_symbol = symbol_;
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
*/functionsupportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) publicviewvirtualoverride(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
return interfaceId ==type(IERC721).interfaceId|| interfaceId ==type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId||super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
*/functionbalanceOf(address owner) publicviewvirtualoverridereturns (uint256) {
require(owner !=address(0), "ERC721: balance query for the zero address");
return _balances[owner];
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
*/functionownerOf(uint256 tokenId) publicviewvirtualoverridereturns (address) {
address owner = _owners[tokenId];
require(owner !=address(0), "ERC721: owner query for nonexistent token");
return owner;
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
*/functionname() publicviewvirtualoverridereturns (stringmemory) {
return _name;
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
*/functionsymbol() publicviewvirtualoverridereturns (stringmemory) {
return _symbol;
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
*/functiontokenURI(uint256 tokenId) publicviewvirtualoverridereturns (stringmemory) {
require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721Metadata: URI query for nonexistent token");
stringmemory baseURI = _baseURI();
returnbytes(baseURI).length>0
? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString()))
: '';
}
/**
* @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
* token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
* by default, can be overriden in child contracts.
*/function_baseURI() internalviewvirtualreturns (stringmemory) {
return"";
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
*/functionapprove(address to, uint256 tokenId) publicvirtualoverride{
address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");
require(msg.sender== owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, msg.sender),
"ERC721: approve caller is not owner nor approved for all"
);
_approve(to, tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
*/functiongetApproved(uint256 tokenId) publicviewvirtualoverridereturns (address) {
require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: approved query for nonexistent token");
return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
*/functionsetApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) publicvirtualoverride{
require(operator !=msg.sender, "ERC721: approve to caller");
_operatorApprovals[msg.sender][operator] = approved;
emit ApprovalForAll(msg.sender, operator, approved);
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
*/functionisApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) publicviewvirtualoverridereturns (bool) {
return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
*/functiontransferFrom(addressfrom, address to, uint256 tokenId) publicvirtualoverride{
//solhint-disable-next-line max-line-lengthrequire(_isApprovedOrOwner(msg.sender, tokenId), "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved");
_transfer(from, to, tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
*/functionsafeTransferFrom(addressfrom, address to, uint256 tokenId) publicvirtualoverride{
safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
}
/**
* @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
*/functionsafeTransferFrom(addressfrom, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytesmemory _data) publicvirtualoverride{
require(_isApprovedOrOwner(msg.sender, tokenId), "ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved");
_safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, _data);
}
/**
* @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
* are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
*
* `_data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
*
* This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
* implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `from` cannot be the zero address.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
* - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/function_safeTransfer(addressfrom, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytesmemory _data) internalvirtual{
_transfer(from, to, tokenId);
require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
}
/**
* @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
*
* Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
*
* Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
* and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
*/function_exists(uint256 tokenId) internalviewvirtualreturns (bool) {
return _owners[tokenId] !=address(0);
}
/**
* @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*/function_isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId) internalviewvirtualreturns (bool) {
require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: operator query for nonexistent token");
address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
return (spender == owner || getApproved(tokenId) == spender || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender));
}
/**
* @dev Safely mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must not exist.
* - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/function_safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internalvirtual{
_safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
}
/**
* @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
* forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
*/function_safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId, bytesmemory _data) internalvirtual{
_mint(to, tokenId);
require(_checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, _data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
}
/**
* @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
*
* WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must not exist.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/function_mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internalvirtual{
require(to !=address(0), "ERC721: mint to the zero address");
require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");
// _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
_balances[to] +=1;
_owners[tokenId] = to;
emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
* The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/function_burn(uint256 tokenId) internalvirtual{
address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
// _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);// Clear approvals
_approve(address(0), tokenId);
_balances[owner] -=1;
delete _owners[tokenId];
emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
* As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/function_transfer(addressfrom, address to, uint256 tokenId) internalvirtual{
require(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId) ==from, "ERC721: transfer of token that is not own");
require(to !=address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");
// _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);// Clear approvals from the previous owner
_approve(address(0), tokenId);
_balances[from] -=1;
_balances[to] +=1;
_owners[tokenId] = to;
emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
*
* Emits a {Approval} event.
*/function_approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internalvirtual{
_tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
emit Approval(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
}
/**
* @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
* The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
*
* @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
* @param to target address that will receive the tokens
* @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
* @param _data bytes optional data to send along with the call
* @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
*/function_checkOnERC721Received(addressfrom, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytesmemory _data)
privatereturns (bool)
{
if (to.isContract()) {
try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(msg.sender, from, tokenId, _data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
return retval == IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received.selector;
} catch (bytesmemory reason) {
if (reason.length==0) {
revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
} else {
// solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assemblyassembly {
revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
}
}
}
} else {
returntrue;
}
}
// modified from ERC721 template:// removed BeforeTokenTransfer
}
Contract Source Code
File 7 of 14: IERC165.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MITpragmasolidity ^0.8.9;/**
* @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
* https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
*
* Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
* queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
*
* For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
*/interfaceIERC165{
/**
* @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
* `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
* https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
* to learn more about how these ids are created.
*
* This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
*/functionsupportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) externalviewreturns (bool);
}
Contract Source Code
File 8 of 14: IERC721.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MITpragmasolidity ^0.8.9;import"./IERC165.sol";
/**
* @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
*/interfaceIERC721isIERC165{
/**
* @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
*/eventTransfer(addressindexedfrom, addressindexed to, uint256indexed tokenId);
/**
* @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
*/eventApproval(addressindexed owner, addressindexed approved, uint256indexed tokenId);
/**
* @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
*/eventApprovalForAll(addressindexed owner, addressindexed operator, bool approved);
/**
* @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
*/functionbalanceOf(address owner) externalviewreturns (uint256 balance);
/**
* @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*/functionownerOf(uint256 tokenId) externalviewreturns (address owner);
/**
* @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
* are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `from` cannot be the zero address.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
* - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
* - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/functionsafeTransferFrom(addressfrom, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
/**
* @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
*
* WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `from` cannot be the zero address.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
* - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/functiontransferFrom(addressfrom, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
/**
* @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
* The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
*
* Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*
* Emits an {Approval} event.
*/functionapprove(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
/**
* @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `tokenId` must exist.
*/functiongetApproved(uint256 tokenId) externalviewreturns (address operator);
/**
* @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
* Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
*
* Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
*/functionsetApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;
/**
* @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
*
* See {setApprovalForAll}
*/functionisApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) externalviewreturns (bool);
/**
* @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
*
* Requirements:
*
* - `from` cannot be the zero address.
* - `to` cannot be the zero address.
* - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
* - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
* - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
*
* Emits a {Transfer} event.
*/functionsafeTransferFrom(addressfrom, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytescalldata data) external;
}
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MITpragmasolidity ^0.8.9;/**
* @title ERC721 token receiver interface
* @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
* from ERC721 asset contracts.
*/interfaceIERC721Receiver{
/**
* @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
* by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
*
* It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
* If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
*
* The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721.onERC721Received.selector`.
*/functiononERC721Received(address operator, addressfrom, uint256 tokenId, bytescalldata data) externalreturns (bytes4);
}
Contract Source Code
File 11 of 14: MerkleProof.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol)// import "hardhat/console.sol";pragmasolidity ^0.8.0;/**
* @dev These functions deal with verification of Merkle Trees proofs.
*
* The proofs can be generated using the JavaScript library
* https://github.com/miguelmota/merkletreejs[merkletreejs].
* Note: the hashing algorithm should be keccak256 and pair sorting should be enabled.
*
* See `test/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.test.js` for some examples.
*
* WARNING: You should avoid using leaf values that are 64 bytes long prior to
* hashing, or use a hash function other than keccak256 for hashing leaves.
* This is because the concatenation of a sorted pair of internal nodes in
* the merkle tree could be reinterpreted as a leaf value.
*/libraryMerkleProof{
/**
* @dev Returns true if a `leaf` can be proved to be a part of a Merkle tree
* defined by `root`. For this, a `proof` must be provided, containing
* sibling hashes on the branch from the leaf to the root of the tree. Each
* pair of leaves and each pair of pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
*/functionverify(bytes32[] memory proof,
bytes32 root,
bytes32 leaf
) internalviewreturns (bool) {
return processProof(proof, leaf) == root;
}
/**
* @dev Returns the rebuilt hash obtained by traversing a Merkle tree up
* from `leaf` using `proof`. A `proof` is valid if and only if the rebuilt
* hash matches the root of the tree. When processing the proof, the pairs
* of leafs & pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
*
* _Available since v4.4._
*/functionprocessProof(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 leaf) internalviewreturns (bytes32) {
bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
for (uint256 i =0; i < proof.length; i++) {
bytes32 proofElement = proof[i];
// console.logBytes32(computedHash);// console.logBytes32(proofElement);if (computedHash <= proofElement) {
// Hash(current computed hash + current element of the proof)//computedHash = _efficientHash(computedHash, proofElement);
computedHash =keccak256(
abi.encodePacked(computedHash, proofElement)
);
} else {
// Hash(current element of the proof + current computed hash)// computedHash = _efficientHash(proofElement, computedHash);
computedHash =keccak256(
abi.encodePacked(proofElement, computedHash)
);
}
}
return computedHash;
}
function_efficientHash(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) privatepurereturns (bytes32 value) {
assembly {
mstore(0x00, a)
mstore(0x20, b)
value :=keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
}
}
}
Contract Source Code
File 12 of 14: SVG.sol
//SPDX-License-Identifier: MITpragmasolidity ^0.8.12;import'./Utils.sol';
// Core SVG utilitiy library which helps us construct// onchain SVG's with a simple, web-like API.// modified from original to take away functions that I'm not usinglibrarysvg{
/* MAIN ELEMENTS */functionrect(stringmemory _props, stringmemory _children)
internalpurereturns (stringmemory)
{
return el('rect', _props, _children);
}
functionrect(stringmemory _props)
internalpurereturns (stringmemory)
{
return el('rect', _props);
}
functionfilter(stringmemory _props, stringmemory _children)
internalpurereturns (stringmemory)
{
return el('filter', _props, _children);
}
functionlinearGradient(stringmemory _props, stringmemory _children)
internalpurereturns (stringmemory)
{
return el('linearGradient', _props, _children);
}
functiongradientStop(uint256 offset,
stringmemory stopColor,
stringmemory _props
) internalpurereturns (stringmemory) {
return
el(
'stop',
string.concat(
prop('stop-color', stopColor),
' ',
prop('offset', string.concat(utils.uint2str(offset), '%')),
' ',
_props
)
);
}
/* COMMON */// A generic element, can be used to construct any SVG (or HTML) elementfunctionel(stringmemory _tag,
stringmemory _props,
stringmemory _children
) internalpurereturns (stringmemory) {
returnstring.concat(
'<',
_tag,
' ',
_props,
'>',
_children,
'</',
_tag,
'>'
);
}
// A generic element, can be used to construct any SVG (or HTML) element without childrenfunctionel(stringmemory _tag,
stringmemory _props
) internalpurereturns (stringmemory) {
returnstring.concat(
'<',
_tag,
' ',
_props,
'/>'
);
}
// an SVG attributefunctionprop(stringmemory _key, stringmemory _val)
internalpurereturns (stringmemory)
{
returnstring.concat(_key, '=', '"', _val, '" ');
}
}
Contract Source Code
File 13 of 14: Strings.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MITpragmasolidity ^0.8.9;/**
* @dev String operations.
*/libraryStrings{
bytes16privateconstant alphabet ="0123456789abcdef";
/**
* @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
*/functiontoString(uint256 value) internalpurereturns (stringmemory) {
// Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence// https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.solif (value ==0) {
return"0";
}
uint256 temp = value;
uint256 digits;
while (temp !=0) {
digits++;
temp /=10;
}
bytesmemory buffer =newbytes(digits);
while (value !=0) {
digits -=1;
buffer[digits] =bytes1(uint8(48+uint256(value %10)));
value /=10;
}
returnstring(buffer);
}
/**
* @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
*/functiontoHexString(uint256 value) internalpurereturns (stringmemory) {
if (value ==0) {
return"0x00";
}
uint256 temp = value;
uint256 length =0;
while (temp !=0) {
length++;
temp >>=8;
}
return toHexString(value, length);
}
/**
* @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
*/functiontoHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internalpurereturns (stringmemory) {
bytesmemory buffer =newbytes(2* length +2);
buffer[0] ="0";
buffer[1] ="x";
for (uint256 i =2* length +1; i >1; --i) {
buffer[i] = alphabet[value &0xf];
value >>=4;
}
require(value ==0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
returnstring(buffer);
}
}
Contract Source Code
File 14 of 14: Utils.sol
//SPDX-License-Identifier: MITpragmasolidity ^0.8.12;// Core utils used extensively to format CSS and numbers.// modified from original to take away functions that I'm not usinglibraryutils{
// converts an unsigned integer to a stringfunctionuint2str(uint256 _i)
internalpurereturns (stringmemory _uintAsString)
{
if (_i ==0) {
return'0';
}
uint256 j = _i;
uint256 len;
while (j !=0) {
len++;
j /=10;
}
bytesmemory bstr =newbytes(len);
uint256 k = len;
while (_i !=0) {
k = k -1;
uint8 temp = (48+uint8(_i - (_i /10) *10));
bytes1 b1 =bytes1(temp);
bstr[k] = b1;
_i /=10;
}
returnstring(bstr);
}
}