Pizza People

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.9.0;

import {StdStorage} from "./StdStorage.sol";
import {Vm, VmSafe} from "./Vm.sol";

abstract contract CommonBase {
    // Cheat code address, 0x7109709ECfa91a80626fF3989D68f67F5b1DD12D.
    address internal constant VM_ADDRESS = address(uint160(uint256(keccak256("hevm cheat code"))));
    // console.sol and console2.sol work by executing a staticcall to this address.
    address internal constant CONSOLE = 0x000000000000000000636F6e736F6c652e6c6f67;
    // Used when deploying with create2, https://github.com/Arachnid/deterministic-deployment-proxy.
    address internal constant CREATE2_FACTORY = 0x4e59b44847b379578588920cA78FbF26c0B4956C;
    // Default address for tx.origin and msg.sender, 0x1804c8AB1F12E6bbf3894d4083f33e07309d1f38.
    address internal constant DEFAULT_SENDER = address(uint160(uint256(keccak256("foundry default caller"))));
    // Address of the test contract, deployed by the DEFAULT_SENDER.
    address internal constant DEFAULT_TEST_CONTRACT = 0x5615dEB798BB3E4dFa0139dFa1b3D433Cc23b72f;
    // Deterministic deployment address of the Multicall3 contract.
    address internal constant MULTICALL3_ADDRESS = 0xcA11bde05977b3631167028862bE2a173976CA11;
    // The order of the secp256k1 curve.
    uint256 internal constant SECP256K1_ORDER =
        115792089237316195423570985008687907852837564279074904382605163141518161494337;

    uint256 internal constant UINT256_MAX =
        115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639935;

    Vm internal constant vm = Vm(VM_ADDRESS);
    StdStorage internal stdstore;
}

abstract contract TestBase is CommonBase {}

abstract contract ScriptBase is CommonBase {
    VmSafe internal constant vmSafe = VmSafe(VM_ADDRESS);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v4.3.0
// Creator: Chiru Labs

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import './IERC721A.sol';

/**
 * @dev Interface of ERC721 token receiver.
 */
interface ERC721A__IERC721Receiver {
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

/**
 * @title ERC721A
 *
 * @dev Implementation of the [ERC721](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721)
 * Non-Fungible Token Standard, including the Metadata extension.
 * Optimized for lower gas during batch mints.
 *
 * Token IDs are minted in sequential order (e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3, ...)
 * starting from `_startTokenId()`.
 *
 * The `_sequentialUpTo()` function can be overriden to enable spot mints
 * (i.e. non-consecutive mints) for `tokenId`s greater than `_sequentialUpTo()`.
 *
 * Assumptions:
 *
 * - An owner cannot have more than 2**64 - 1 (max value of uint64) of supply.
 * - The maximum token ID cannot exceed 2**256 - 1 (max value of uint256).
 */
contract ERC721A is IERC721A {
    // Bypass for a `--via-ir` bug (https://github.com/chiru-labs/ERC721A/pull/364).
    struct TokenApprovalRef {
        address value;
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                           CONSTANTS
    // =============================================================

    // Mask of an entry in packed address data.
    uint256 private constant _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY = (1 << 64) - 1;

    // The bit position of `numberMinted` in packed address data.
    uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED = 64;

    // The bit position of `numberBurned` in packed address data.
    uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED = 128;

    // The bit position of `aux` in packed address data.
    uint256 private constant _BITPOS_AUX = 192;

    // Mask of all 256 bits in packed address data except the 64 bits for `aux`.
    uint256 private constant _BITMASK_AUX_COMPLEMENT = (1 << 192) - 1;

    // The bit position of `startTimestamp` in packed ownership.
    uint256 private constant _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP = 160;

    // The bit mask of the `burned` bit in packed ownership.
    uint256 private constant _BITMASK_BURNED = 1 << 224;

    // The bit position of the `nextInitialized` bit in packed ownership.
    uint256 private constant _BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED = 225;

    // The bit mask of the `nextInitialized` bit in packed ownership.
    uint256 private constant _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED = 1 << 225;

    // The bit position of `extraData` in packed ownership.
    uint256 private constant _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA = 232;

    // Mask of all 256 bits in a packed ownership except the 24 bits for `extraData`.
    uint256 private constant _BITMASK_EXTRA_DATA_COMPLEMENT = (1 << 232) - 1;

    // The mask of the lower 160 bits for addresses.
    uint256 private constant _BITMASK_ADDRESS = (1 << 160) - 1;

    // The maximum `quantity` that can be minted with {_mintERC2309}.
    // This limit is to prevent overflows on the address data entries.
    // For a limit of 5000, a total of 3.689e15 calls to {_mintERC2309}
    // is required to cause an overflow, which is unrealistic.
    uint256 private constant _MAX_MINT_ERC2309_QUANTITY_LIMIT = 5000;

    // The `Transfer` event signature is given by:
    // `keccak256(bytes("Transfer(address,address,uint256)"))`.
    bytes32 private constant _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE =
        0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef;

    // =============================================================
    //                            STORAGE
    // =============================================================

    // The next token ID to be minted.
    uint256 private _currentIndex;

    // The number of tokens burned.
    uint256 private _burnCounter;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to ownership details
    // An empty struct value does not necessarily mean the token is unowned.
    // See {_packedOwnershipOf} implementation for details.
    //
    // Bits Layout:
    // - [0..159]   `addr`
    // - [160..223] `startTimestamp`
    // - [224]      `burned`
    // - [225]      `nextInitialized`
    // - [232..255] `extraData`
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _packedOwnerships;

    // Mapping owner address to address data.
    //
    // Bits Layout:
    // - [0..63]    `balance`
    // - [64..127]  `numberMinted`
    // - [128..191] `numberBurned`
    // - [192..255] `aux`
    mapping(address => uint256) private _packedAddressData;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address.
    mapping(uint256 => TokenApprovalRef) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    // The amount of tokens minted above `_sequentialUpTo()`.
    // We call these spot mints (i.e. non-sequential mints).
    uint256 private _spotMinted;

    // =============================================================
    //                          CONSTRUCTOR
    // =============================================================

    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
        _currentIndex = _startTokenId();

        if (_sequentialUpTo() < _startTokenId()) _revert(SequentialUpToTooSmall.selector);
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                   TOKEN COUNTING OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the starting token ID for sequential mints.
     *
     * Override this function to change the starting token ID for sequential mints.
     *
     * Note: The value returned must never change after any tokens have been minted.
     */
    function _startTokenId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum token ID (inclusive) for sequential mints.
     *
     * Override this function to return a value less than 2**256 - 1,
     * but greater than `_startTokenId()`, to enable spot (non-sequential) mints.
     *
     * Note: The value returned must never change after any tokens have been minted.
     */
    function _sequentialUpTo() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return type(uint256).max;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the next token ID to be minted.
     */
    function _nextTokenId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _currentIndex;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total number of tokens in existence.
     * Burned tokens will reduce the count.
     * To get the total number of tokens minted, please see {_totalMinted}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256 result) {
        // Counter underflow is impossible as `_burnCounter` cannot be incremented
        // more than `_currentIndex + _spotMinted - _startTokenId()` times.
        unchecked {
            // With spot minting, the intermediate `result` can be temporarily negative,
            // and the computation must be unchecked.
            result = _currentIndex - _burnCounter - _startTokenId();
            if (_sequentialUpTo() != type(uint256).max) result += _spotMinted;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens minted in the contract.
     */
    function _totalMinted() internal view virtual returns (uint256 result) {
        // Counter underflow is impossible as `_currentIndex` does not decrement,
        // and it is initialized to `_startTokenId()`.
        unchecked {
            result = _currentIndex - _startTokenId();
            if (_sequentialUpTo() != type(uint256).max) result += _spotMinted;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total number of tokens burned.
     */
    function _totalBurned() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _burnCounter;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total number of tokens that are spot-minted.
     */
    function _totalSpotMinted() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _spotMinted;
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                    ADDRESS DATA OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in `owner`'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        if (owner == address(0)) _revert(BalanceQueryForZeroAddress.selector);
        return _packedAddressData[owner] & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of tokens minted by `owner`.
     */
    function _numberMinted(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return (_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of tokens burned by or on behalf of `owner`.
     */
    function _numberBurned(address owner) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return (_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS_DATA_ENTRY;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the auxiliary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
     */
    function _getAux(address owner) internal view returns (uint64) {
        return uint64(_packedAddressData[owner] >> _BITPOS_AUX);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the auxiliary data for `owner`. (e.g. number of whitelist mint slots used).
     * If there are multiple variables, please pack them into a uint64.
     */
    function _setAux(address owner, uint64 aux) internal virtual {
        uint256 packed = _packedAddressData[owner];
        uint256 auxCasted;
        // Cast `aux` with assembly to avoid redundant masking.
        assembly {
            auxCasted := aux
        }
        packed = (packed & _BITMASK_AUX_COMPLEMENT) | (auxCasted << _BITPOS_AUX);
        _packedAddressData[owner] = packed;
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                            IERC165
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * [EIP section](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified)
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        // The interface IDs are constants representing the first 4 bytes
        // of the XOR of all function selectors in the interface.
        // See: [ERC165](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165)
        // (e.g. `bytes4(i.functionA.selector ^ i.functionB.selector ^ ...)`)
        return
            interfaceId == 0x01ffc9a7 || // ERC165 interface ID for ERC165.
            interfaceId == 0x80ac58cd || // ERC165 interface ID for ERC721.
            interfaceId == 0x5b5e139f; // ERC165 interface ID for ERC721Metadata.
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                        IERC721Metadata
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        if (!_exists(tokenId)) _revert(URIQueryForNonexistentToken.selector);

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length != 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, _toString(tokenId))) : '';
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, it can be overridden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return '';
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                     OWNERSHIPS OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(_packedOwnershipOf(tokenId)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Gas spent here starts off proportional to the maximum mint batch size.
     * It gradually moves to O(1) as tokens get transferred around over time.
     */
    function _ownershipOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (TokenOwnership memory) {
        return _unpackedOwnership(_packedOwnershipOf(tokenId));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the unpacked `TokenOwnership` struct at `index`.
     */
    function _ownershipAt(uint256 index) internal view virtual returns (TokenOwnership memory) {
        return _unpackedOwnership(_packedOwnerships[index]);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether the ownership slot at `index` is initialized.
     * An uninitialized slot does not necessarily mean that the slot has no owner.
     */
    function _ownershipIsInitialized(uint256 index) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _packedOwnerships[index] != 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the ownership slot minted at `index` for efficiency purposes.
     */
    function _initializeOwnershipAt(uint256 index) internal virtual {
        if (_packedOwnerships[index] == 0) {
            _packedOwnerships[index] = _packedOwnershipOf(index);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the packed ownership data of `tokenId`.
     */
    function _packedOwnershipOf(uint256 tokenId) private view returns (uint256 packed) {
        if (_startTokenId() <= tokenId) {
            packed = _packedOwnerships[tokenId];

            if (tokenId > _sequentialUpTo()) {
                if (_packedOwnershipExists(packed)) return packed;
                _revert(OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken.selector);
            }

            // If the data at the starting slot does not exist, start the scan.
            if (packed == 0) {
                if (tokenId >= _currentIndex) _revert(OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken.selector);
                // Invariant:
                // There will always be an initialized ownership slot
                // (i.e. `ownership.addr != address(0) && ownership.burned == false`)
                // before an unintialized ownership slot
                // (i.e. `ownership.addr == address(0) && ownership.burned == false`)
                // Hence, `tokenId` will not underflow.
                //
                // We can directly compare the packed value.
                // If the address is zero, packed will be zero.
                for (;;) {
                    unchecked {
                        packed = _packedOwnerships[--tokenId];
                    }
                    if (packed == 0) continue;
                    if (packed & _BITMASK_BURNED == 0) return packed;
                    // Otherwise, the token is burned, and we must revert.
                    // This handles the case of batch burned tokens, where only the burned bit
                    // of the starting slot is set, and remaining slots are left uninitialized.
                    _revert(OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken.selector);
                }
            }
            // Otherwise, the data exists and we can skip the scan.
            // This is possible because we have already achieved the target condition.
            // This saves 2143 gas on transfers of initialized tokens.
            // If the token is not burned, return `packed`. Otherwise, revert.
            if (packed & _BITMASK_BURNED == 0) return packed;
        }
        _revert(OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken.selector);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the unpacked `TokenOwnership` struct from `packed`.
     */
    function _unpackedOwnership(uint256 packed) private pure returns (TokenOwnership memory ownership) {
        ownership.addr = address(uint160(packed));
        ownership.startTimestamp = uint64(packed >> _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP);
        ownership.burned = packed & _BITMASK_BURNED != 0;
        ownership.extraData = uint24(packed >> _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Packs ownership data into a single uint256.
     */
    function _packOwnershipData(address owner, uint256 flags) private view returns (uint256 result) {
        assembly {
            // Mask `owner` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
            owner := and(owner, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
            // `owner | (block.timestamp << _BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP) | flags`.
            result := or(owner, or(shl(_BITPOS_START_TIMESTAMP, timestamp()), flags))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the `nextInitialized` flag set if `quantity` equals 1.
     */
    function _nextInitializedFlag(uint256 quantity) private pure returns (uint256 result) {
        // For branchless setting of the `nextInitialized` flag.
        assembly {
            // `(quantity == 1) << _BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED`.
            result := shl(_BITPOS_NEXT_INITIALIZED, eq(quantity, 1))
        }
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                      APPROVAL OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account. See {ERC721A-_approve}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public payable virtual override {
        _approve(to, tokenId, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        if (!_exists(tokenId)) _revert(ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken.selector);

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId].value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom}
     * for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        _operatorApprovals[_msgSenderERC721A()][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(_msgSenderERC721A(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted. See {_mint}.
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool result) {
        if (_startTokenId() <= tokenId) {
            if (tokenId > _sequentialUpTo()) return _packedOwnershipExists(_packedOwnerships[tokenId]);

            if (tokenId < _currentIndex) {
                uint256 packed;
                while ((packed = _packedOwnerships[tokenId]) == 0) --tokenId;
                result = packed & _BITMASK_BURNED == 0;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `packed` represents a token that exists.
     */
    function _packedOwnershipExists(uint256 packed) private pure returns (bool result) {
        assembly {
            // The following is equivalent to `owner != address(0) && burned == false`.
            // Symbolically tested.
            result := gt(and(packed, _BITMASK_ADDRESS), and(packed, _BITMASK_BURNED))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `msgSender` is equal to `approvedAddress` or `owner`.
     */
    function _isSenderApprovedOrOwner(
        address approvedAddress,
        address owner,
        address msgSender
    ) private pure returns (bool result) {
        assembly {
            // Mask `owner` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
            owner := and(owner, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
            // Mask `msgSender` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
            msgSender := and(msgSender, _BITMASK_ADDRESS)
            // `msgSender == owner || msgSender == approvedAddress`.
            result := or(eq(msgSender, owner), eq(msgSender, approvedAddress))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot and value for the approved address of `tokenId`.
     */
    function _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(uint256 tokenId)
        private
        view
        returns (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress)
    {
        TokenApprovalRef storage tokenApproval = _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
        // The following is equivalent to `approvedAddress = _tokenApprovals[tokenId].value`.
        assembly {
            approvedAddressSlot := tokenApproval.slot
            approvedAddress := sload(approvedAddressSlot)
        }
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                      TRANSFER OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
     * by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public payable virtual override {
        uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnershipOf(tokenId);

        // Mask `from` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
        from = address(uint160(uint256(uint160(from)) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS));

        if (address(uint160(prevOwnershipPacked)) != from) _revert(TransferFromIncorrectOwner.selector);

        (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress) = _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(tokenId);

        // The nested ifs save around 20+ gas over a compound boolean condition.
        if (!_isSenderApprovedOrOwner(approvedAddress, from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
            if (!isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSenderERC721A())) _revert(TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved.selector);

        _beforeTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner.
        assembly {
            if approvedAddress {
                // This is equivalent to `delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
                sstore(approvedAddressSlot, 0)
            }
        }

        // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
        // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
        // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as `tokenId` would have to be 2**256.
        unchecked {
            // We can directly increment and decrement the balances.
            --_packedAddressData[from]; // Updates: `balance -= 1`.
            ++_packedAddressData[to]; // Updates: `balance += 1`.

            // Updates:
            // - `address` to the next owner.
            // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of transfering.
            // - `burned` to `false`.
            // - `nextInitialized` to `true`.
            _packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
                to,
                _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED | _nextExtraData(from, to, prevOwnershipPacked)
            );

            // If the next slot may not have been initialized (i.e. `nextInitialized == false`) .
            if (prevOwnershipPacked & _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED == 0) {
                uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
                // If the next slot's address is zero and not burned (i.e. packed value is zero).
                if (_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] == 0) {
                    // If the next slot is within bounds.
                    if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
                        // Initialize the next slot to maintain correctness for `ownerOf(tokenId + 1)`.
                        _packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] = prevOwnershipPacked;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Mask `to` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
        uint256 toMasked = uint256(uint160(to)) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            // Emit the `Transfer` event.
            log4(
                0, // Start of data (0, since no data).
                0, // End of data (0, since no data).
                _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, // Signature.
                from, // `from`.
                toMasked, // `to`.
                tokenId // `tokenId`.
            )
        }
        if (toMasked == 0) _revert(TransferToZeroAddress.selector);

        _afterTokenTransfers(from, to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to `safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '')`.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public payable virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '');
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
     * by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
     * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public payable virtual override {
        transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
        if (to.code.length != 0)
            if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, _data)) {
                _revert(TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer.selector);
            }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before a set of serially-ordered token IDs
     * are about to be transferred. This includes minting.
     * And also called before burning one token.
     *
     * `startTokenId` - the first token ID to be transferred.
     * `quantity` - the amount to be transferred.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` will be burned by `from`.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfers(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 startTokenId,
        uint256 quantity
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after a set of serially-ordered token IDs
     * have been transferred. This includes minting.
     * And also called after one token has been burned.
     *
     * `startTokenId` - the first token ID to be transferred.
     * `quantity` - the amount to be transferred.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` has been
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` has been minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` has been burned by `from`.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfers(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 startTokenId,
        uint256 quantity
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Private function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target contract.
     *
     * `from` - Previous owner of the given token ID.
     * `to` - Target address that will receive the token.
     * `tokenId` - Token ID to be transferred.
     * `_data` - Optional data to send along with the call.
     *
     * Returns whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value.
     */
    function _checkContractOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        try ERC721A__IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSenderERC721A(), from, tokenId, _data) returns (
            bytes4 retval
        ) {
            return retval == ERC721A__IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received.selector;
        } catch (bytes memory reason) {
            if (reason.length == 0) {
                _revert(TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer.selector);
            }
            assembly {
                revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
            }
        }
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                        MINT OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
        uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
        if (quantity == 0) _revert(MintZeroQuantity.selector);

        _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);

        // Overflows are incredibly unrealistic.
        // `balance` and `numberMinted` have a maximum limit of 2**64.
        // `tokenId` has a maximum limit of 2**256.
        unchecked {
            // Updates:
            // - `address` to the owner.
            // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
            // - `burned` to `false`.
            // - `nextInitialized` to `quantity == 1`.
            _packedOwnerships[startTokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
                to,
                _nextInitializedFlag(quantity) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, 0)
            );

            // Updates:
            // - `balance += quantity`.
            // - `numberMinted += quantity`.
            //
            // We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
            _packedAddressData[to] += quantity * ((1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1);

            // Mask `to` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
            uint256 toMasked = uint256(uint160(to)) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS;

            if (toMasked == 0) _revert(MintToZeroAddress.selector);

            uint256 end = startTokenId + quantity;
            uint256 tokenId = startTokenId;

            if (end - 1 > _sequentialUpTo()) _revert(SequentialMintExceedsLimit.selector);

            do {
                assembly {
                    // Emit the `Transfer` event.
                    log4(
                        0, // Start of data (0, since no data).
                        0, // End of data (0, since no data).
                        _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, // Signature.
                        0, // `address(0)`.
                        toMasked, // `to`.
                        tokenId // `tokenId`.
                    )
                }
                // The `!=` check ensures that large values of `quantity`
                // that overflows uint256 will make the loop run out of gas.
            } while (++tokenId != end);

            _currentIndex = end;
        }
        _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * This function is intended for efficient minting only during contract creation.
     *
     * It emits only one {ConsecutiveTransfer} as defined in
     * [ERC2309](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2309),
     * instead of a sequence of {Transfer} event(s).
     *
     * Calling this function outside of contract creation WILL make your contract
     * non-compliant with the ERC721 standard.
     * For full ERC721 compliance, substituting ERC721 {Transfer} event(s) with the ERC2309
     * {ConsecutiveTransfer} event is only permissible during contract creation.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * Emits a {ConsecutiveTransfer} event.
     */
    function _mintERC2309(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
        uint256 startTokenId = _currentIndex;
        if (to == address(0)) _revert(MintToZeroAddress.selector);
        if (quantity == 0) _revert(MintZeroQuantity.selector);
        if (quantity > _MAX_MINT_ERC2309_QUANTITY_LIMIT) _revert(MintERC2309QuantityExceedsLimit.selector);

        _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);

        // Overflows are unrealistic due to the above check for `quantity` to be below the limit.
        unchecked {
            // Updates:
            // - `balance += quantity`.
            // - `numberMinted += quantity`.
            //
            // We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
            _packedAddressData[to] += quantity * ((1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1);

            // Updates:
            // - `address` to the owner.
            // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
            // - `burned` to `false`.
            // - `nextInitialized` to `quantity == 1`.
            _packedOwnerships[startTokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
                to,
                _nextInitializedFlag(quantity) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, 0)
            );

            if (startTokenId + quantity - 1 > _sequentialUpTo()) _revert(SequentialMintExceedsLimit.selector);

            emit ConsecutiveTransfer(startTokenId, startTokenId + quantity - 1, address(0), to);

            _currentIndex = startTokenId + quantity;
        }
        _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, startTokenId, quantity);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `quantity` tokens and transfers them to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
     * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called for each safe transfer.
     * - `quantity` must be greater than 0.
     *
     * See {_mint}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
     */
    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint256 quantity,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, quantity);

        unchecked {
            if (to.code.length != 0) {
                uint256 end = _currentIndex;
                uint256 index = end - quantity;
                do {
                    if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(address(0), to, index++, _data)) {
                        _revert(TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer.selector);
                    }
                } while (index < end);
                // This prevents reentrancy to `_safeMint`.
                // It does not prevent reentrancy to `_safeMintSpot`.
                if (_currentIndex != end) revert();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to `_safeMint(to, quantity, '')`.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 quantity) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, quantity, '');
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints a single token at `tokenId`.
     *
     * Note: A spot-minted `tokenId` that has been burned can be re-minted again.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` must be greater than `_sequentialUpTo()`.
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event for each mint.
     */
    function _mintSpot(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        if (tokenId <= _sequentialUpTo()) _revert(SpotMintTokenIdTooSmall.selector);
        uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnerships[tokenId];
        if (_packedOwnershipExists(prevOwnershipPacked)) _revert(TokenAlreadyExists.selector);

        _beforeTokenTransfers(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);

        // Overflows are incredibly unrealistic.
        // The `numberMinted` for `to` is incremented by 1, and has a max limit of 2**64 - 1.
        // `_spotMinted` is incremented by 1, and has a max limit of 2**256 - 1.
        unchecked {
            // Updates:
            // - `address` to the owner.
            // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of minting.
            // - `burned` to `false`.
            // - `nextInitialized` to `true` (as `quantity == 1`).
            _packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
                to,
                _nextInitializedFlag(1) | _nextExtraData(address(0), to, prevOwnershipPacked)
            );

            // Updates:
            // - `balance += 1`.
            // - `numberMinted += 1`.
            //
            // We can directly add to the `balance` and `numberMinted`.
            _packedAddressData[to] += (1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_MINTED) | 1;

            // Mask `to` to the lower 160 bits, in case the upper bits somehow aren't clean.
            uint256 toMasked = uint256(uint160(to)) & _BITMASK_ADDRESS;

            if (toMasked == 0) _revert(MintToZeroAddress.selector);

            assembly {
                // Emit the `Transfer` event.
                log4(
                    0, // Start of data (0, since no data).
                    0, // End of data (0, since no data).
                    _TRANSFER_EVENT_SIGNATURE, // Signature.
                    0, // `address(0)`.
                    toMasked, // `to`.
                    tokenId // `tokenId`.
                )
            }

            ++_spotMinted;
        }

        _afterTokenTransfers(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints a single token at `tokenId`.
     *
     * Note: A spot-minted `tokenId` that has been burned can be re-minted again.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}.
     * - `tokenId` must be greater than `_sequentialUpTo()`.
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     *
     * See {_mintSpot}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMintSpot(
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual {
        _mintSpot(to, tokenId);

        unchecked {
            if (to.code.length != 0) {
                uint256 currentSpotMinted = _spotMinted;
                if (!_checkContractOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, _data)) {
                    _revert(TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer.selector);
                }
                // This prevents reentrancy to `_safeMintSpot`.
                // It does not prevent reentrancy to `_safeMint`.
                if (_spotMinted != currentSpotMinted) revert();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to `_safeMintSpot(to, tokenId, '')`.
     */
    function _safeMintSpot(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _safeMintSpot(to, tokenId, '');
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                       APPROVAL OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to `_approve(to, tokenId, false)`.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _approve(to, tokenId, false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the
     * zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bool approvalCheck
    ) internal virtual {
        address owner = ownerOf(tokenId);

        if (approvalCheck && _msgSenderERC721A() != owner)
            if (!isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSenderERC721A())) {
                _revert(ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved.selector);
            }

        _tokenApprovals[tokenId].value = to;
        emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                        BURN OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to `_burn(tokenId, false)`.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _burn(tokenId, false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId, bool approvalCheck) internal virtual {
        uint256 prevOwnershipPacked = _packedOwnershipOf(tokenId);

        address from = address(uint160(prevOwnershipPacked));

        (uint256 approvedAddressSlot, address approvedAddress) = _getApprovedSlotAndAddress(tokenId);

        if (approvalCheck) {
            // The nested ifs save around 20+ gas over a compound boolean condition.
            if (!_isSenderApprovedOrOwner(approvedAddress, from, _msgSenderERC721A()))
                if (!isApprovedForAll(from, _msgSenderERC721A())) _revert(TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved.selector);
        }

        _beforeTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner.
        assembly {
            if approvedAddress {
                // This is equivalent to `delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId]`.
                sstore(approvedAddressSlot, 0)
            }
        }

        // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
        // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
        // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic as `tokenId` would have to be 2**256.
        unchecked {
            // Updates:
            // - `balance -= 1`.
            // - `numberBurned += 1`.
            //
            // We can directly decrement the balance, and increment the number burned.
            // This is equivalent to `packed -= 1; packed += 1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED;`.
            _packedAddressData[from] += (1 << _BITPOS_NUMBER_BURNED) - 1;

            // Updates:
            // - `address` to the last owner.
            // - `startTimestamp` to the timestamp of burning.
            // - `burned` to `true`.
            // - `nextInitialized` to `true`.
            _packedOwnerships[tokenId] = _packOwnershipData(
                from,
                (_BITMASK_BURNED | _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED) | _nextExtraData(from, address(0), prevOwnershipPacked)
            );

            // If the next slot may not have been initialized (i.e. `nextInitialized == false`) .
            if (prevOwnershipPacked & _BITMASK_NEXT_INITIALIZED == 0) {
                uint256 nextTokenId = tokenId + 1;
                // If the next slot's address is zero and not burned (i.e. packed value is zero).
                if (_packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] == 0) {
                    // If the next slot is within bounds.
                    if (nextTokenId != _currentIndex) {
                        // Initialize the next slot to maintain correctness for `ownerOf(tokenId + 1)`.
                        _packedOwnerships[nextTokenId] = prevOwnershipPacked;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        emit Transfer(from, address(0), tokenId);
        _afterTokenTransfers(from, address(0), tokenId, 1);

        // Overflow not possible, as `_burnCounter` cannot be exceed `_currentIndex + _spotMinted` times.
        unchecked {
            _burnCounter++;
        }
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                     EXTRA DATA OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Directly sets the extra data for the ownership data `index`.
     */
    function _setExtraDataAt(uint256 index, uint24 extraData) internal virtual {
        uint256 packed = _packedOwnerships[index];
        if (packed == 0) _revert(OwnershipNotInitializedForExtraData.selector);
        uint256 extraDataCasted;
        // Cast `extraData` with assembly to avoid redundant masking.
        assembly {
            extraDataCasted := extraData
        }
        packed = (packed & _BITMASK_EXTRA_DATA_COMPLEMENT) | (extraDataCasted << _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
        _packedOwnerships[index] = packed;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Called during each token transfer to set the 24bit `extraData` field.
     * Intended to be overridden by the cosumer contract.
     *
     * `previousExtraData` - the value of `extraData` before transfer.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `from`'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, `tokenId` will be burned by `from`.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     */
    function _extraData(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint24 previousExtraData
    ) internal view virtual returns (uint24) {}

    /**
     * @dev Returns the next extra data for the packed ownership data.
     * The returned result is shifted into position.
     */
    function _nextExtraData(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 prevOwnershipPacked
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        uint24 extraData = uint24(prevOwnershipPacked >> _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA);
        return uint256(_extraData(from, to, extraData)) << _BITPOS_EXTRA_DATA;
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                       OTHER OPERATIONS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the message sender (defaults to `msg.sender`).
     *
     * If you are writing GSN compatible contracts, you need to override this function.
     */
    function _msgSenderERC721A() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a uint256 to its ASCII string decimal representation.
     */
    function _toString(uint256 value) internal pure virtual returns (string memory str) {
        assembly {
            // The maximum value of a uint256 contains 78 digits (1 byte per digit), but
            // we allocate 0xa0 bytes to keep the free memory pointer 32-byte word aligned.
            // We will need 1 word for the trailing zeros padding, 1 word for the length,
            // and 3 words for a maximum of 78 digits. Total: 5 * 0x20 = 0xa0.
            let m := add(mload(0x40), 0xa0)
            // Update the free memory pointer to allocate.
            mstore(0x40, m)
            // Assign the `str` to the end.
            str := sub(m, 0x20)
            // Zeroize the slot after the string.
            mstore(str, 0)

            // Cache the end of the memory to calculate the length later.
            let end := str

            // We write the string from rightmost digit to leftmost digit.
            // The following is essentially a do-while loop that also handles the zero case.
            // prettier-ignore
            for { let temp := value } 1 {} {
                str := sub(str, 1)
                // Write the character to the pointer.
                // The ASCII index of the '0' character is 48.
                mstore8(str, add(48, mod(temp, 10)))
                // Keep dividing `temp` until zero.
                temp := div(temp, 10)
                // prettier-ignore
                if iszero(temp) { break }
            }

            let length := sub(end, str)
            // Move the pointer 32 bytes leftwards to make room for the length.
            str := sub(str, 0x20)
            // Store the length.
            mstore(str, length)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev For more efficient reverts.
     */
    function _revert(bytes4 errorSelector) internal pure {
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, errorSelector)
            revert(0x00, 0x04)
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.2;

interface IERC165 {
    /// @notice Query if a contract implements an interface
    /// @param interfaceID The interface identifier, as specified in ERC-165
    /// @dev Interface identification is specified in ERC-165. This function
    /// uses less than 30,000 gas.
    /// @return `true` if the contract implements `interfaceID` and
    /// `interfaceID` is not 0xffffffff, `false` otherwise
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.2;

/// @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
/// @dev This includes the optional name, symbol, and decimals metadata.
interface IERC20 {
    /// @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to another (`to`).
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /// @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set, where `value`
    /// is the new allowance.
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /// @notice Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /// @notice Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` is allowed
    /// to spend on behalf of `owner`
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
    /// @dev Be aware of front-running risks: https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /// @notice Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the allowance mechanism.
    /// `amount` is then deducted from the caller's allowance.
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /// @notice Returns the name of the token.
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /// @notice Returns the symbol of the token.
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /// @notice Returns the decimals places of the token.
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.2;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/// @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard
/// @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
/// Note: the ERC-165 identifier for this interface is 0x80ac58cd.
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /// @dev This emits when ownership of any NFT changes by any mechanism.
    /// This event emits when NFTs are created (`from` == 0) and destroyed
    /// (`to` == 0). Exception: during contract creation, any number of NFTs
    /// may be created and assigned without emitting Transfer. At the time of
    /// any transfer, the approved address for that NFT (if any) is reset to none.
    event Transfer(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint256 indexed _tokenId);

    /// @dev This emits when the approved address for an NFT is changed or
    /// reaffirmed. The zero address indicates there is no approved address.
    /// When a Transfer event emits, this also indicates that the approved
    /// address for that NFT (if any) is reset to none.
    event Approval(address indexed _owner, address indexed _approved, uint256 indexed _tokenId);

    /// @dev This emits when an operator is enabled or disabled for an owner.
    /// The operator can manage all NFTs of the owner.
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed _owner, address indexed _operator, bool _approved);

    /// @notice Count all NFTs assigned to an owner
    /// @dev NFTs assigned to the zero address are considered invalid, and this
    /// function throws for queries about the zero address.
    /// @param _owner An address for whom to query the balance
    /// @return The number of NFTs owned by `_owner`, possibly zero
    function balanceOf(address _owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Find the owner of an NFT
    /// @dev NFTs assigned to zero address are considered invalid, and queries
    /// about them do throw.
    /// @param _tokenId The identifier for an NFT
    /// @return The address of the owner of the NFT
    function ownerOf(uint256 _tokenId) external view returns (address);

    /// @notice Transfers the ownership of an NFT from one address to another address
    /// @dev Throws unless `msg.sender` is the current owner, an authorized
    /// operator, or the approved address for this NFT. Throws if `_from` is
    /// not the current owner. Throws if `_to` is the zero address. Throws if
    /// `_tokenId` is not a valid NFT. When transfer is complete, this function
    /// checks if `_to` is a smart contract (code size > 0). If so, it calls
    /// `onERC721Received` on `_to` and throws if the return value is not
    /// `bytes4(keccak256("onERC721Received(address,address,uint256,bytes)"))`.
    /// @param _from The current owner of the NFT
    /// @param _to The new owner
    /// @param _tokenId The NFT to transfer
    /// @param data Additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `_to`
    function safeTransferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _tokenId, bytes calldata data) external payable;

    /// @notice Transfers the ownership of an NFT from one address to another address
    /// @dev This works identically to the other function with an extra data parameter,
    /// except this function just sets data to "".
    /// @param _from The current owner of the NFT
    /// @param _to The new owner
    /// @param _tokenId The NFT to transfer
    function safeTransferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _tokenId) external payable;

    /// @notice Transfer ownership of an NFT -- THE CALLER IS RESPONSIBLE
    /// TO CONFIRM THAT `_to` IS CAPABLE OF RECEIVING NFTS OR ELSE
    /// THEY MAY BE PERMANENTLY LOST
    /// @dev Throws unless `msg.sender` is the current owner, an authorized
    /// operator, or the approved address for this NFT. Throws if `_from` is
    /// not the current owner. Throws if `_to` is the zero address. Throws if
    /// `_tokenId` is not a valid NFT.
    /// @param _from The current owner of the NFT
    /// @param _to The new owner
    /// @param _tokenId The NFT to transfer
    function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _tokenId) external payable;

    /// @notice Change or reaffirm the approved address for an NFT
    /// @dev The zero address indicates there is no approved address.
    /// Throws unless `msg.sender` is the current NFT owner, or an authorized
    /// operator of the current owner.
    /// @param _approved The new approved NFT controller
    /// @param _tokenId The NFT to approve
    function approve(address _approved, uint256 _tokenId) external payable;

    /// @notice Enable or disable approval for a third party ("operator") to manage
    /// all of `msg.sender`'s assets
    /// @dev Emits the ApprovalForAll event. The contract MUST allow
    /// multiple operators per owner.
    /// @param _operator Address to add to the set of authorized operators
    /// @param _approved True if the operator is approved, false to revoke approval
    function setApprovalForAll(address _operator, bool _approved) external;

    /// @notice Get the approved address for a single NFT
    /// @dev Throws if `_tokenId` is not a valid NFT.
    /// @param _tokenId The NFT to find the approved address for
    /// @return The approved address for this NFT, or the zero address if there is none
    function getApproved(uint256 _tokenId) external view returns (address);

    /// @notice Query if an address is an authorized operator for another address
    /// @param _owner The address that owns the NFTs
    /// @param _operator The address that acts on behalf of the owner
    /// @return True if `_operator` is an approved operator for `_owner`, false otherwise
    function isApprovedForAll(address _owner, address _operator) external view returns (bool);
}

/// @dev Note: the ERC-165 identifier for this interface is 0x150b7a02.
interface IERC721TokenReceiver {
    /// @notice Handle the receipt of an NFT
    /// @dev The ERC721 smart contract calls this function on the recipient
    /// after a `transfer`. This function MAY throw to revert and reject the
    /// transfer. Return of other than the magic value MUST result in the
    /// transaction being reverted.
    /// Note: the contract address is always the message sender.
    /// @param _operator The address which called `safeTransferFrom` function
    /// @param _from The address which previously owned the token
    /// @param _tokenId The NFT identifier which is being transferred
    /// @param _data Additional data with no specified format
    /// @return `bytes4(keccak256("onERC721Received(address,address,uint256,bytes)"))`
    ///  unless throwing
    function onERC721Received(address _operator, address _from, uint256 _tokenId, bytes calldata _data)
        external
        returns (bytes4);
}

/// @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
/// @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
/// Note: the ERC-165 identifier for this interface is 0x5b5e139f.
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /// @notice A descriptive name for a collection of NFTs in this contract
    function name() external view returns (string memory _name);

    /// @notice An abbreviated name for NFTs in this contract
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory _symbol);

    /// @notice A distinct Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for a given asset.
    /// @dev Throws if `_tokenId` is not a valid NFT. URIs are defined in RFC
    /// 3986. The URI may point to a JSON file that conforms to the "ERC721
    /// Metadata JSON Schema".
    function tokenURI(uint256 _tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

/// @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
/// @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
/// Note: the ERC-165 identifier for this interface is 0x780e9d63.
interface IERC721Enumerable is IERC721 {
    /// @notice Count NFTs tracked by this contract
    /// @return A count of valid NFTs tracked by this contract, where each one of
    /// them has an assigned and queryable owner not equal to the zero address
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Enumerate valid NFTs
    /// @dev Throws if `_index` >= `totalSupply()`.
    /// @param _index A counter less than `totalSupply()`
    /// @return The token identifier for the `_index`th NFT,
    /// (sort order not specified)
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 _index) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Enumerate NFTs assigned to an owner
    /// @dev Throws if `_index` >= `balanceOf(_owner)` or if
    /// `_owner` is the zero address, representing invalid NFTs.
    /// @param _owner An address where we are interested in NFTs owned by them
    /// @param _index A counter less than `balanceOf(_owner)`
    /// @return The token identifier for the `_index`th NFT assigned to `_owner`,
    /// (sort order not specified)
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address _owner, uint256 _index) external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// ERC721A Contracts v4.3.0
// Creator: Chiru Labs

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

/**
 * @dev Interface of ERC721A.
 */
interface IERC721A {
    /**
     * The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     */
    error ApprovalCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();

    /**
     * The token does not exist.
     */
    error ApprovalQueryForNonexistentToken();

    /**
     * Cannot query the balance for the zero address.
     */
    error BalanceQueryForZeroAddress();

    /**
     * Cannot mint to the zero address.
     */
    error MintToZeroAddress();

    /**
     * The quantity of tokens minted must be more than zero.
     */
    error MintZeroQuantity();

    /**
     * The token does not exist.
     */
    error OwnerQueryForNonexistentToken();

    /**
     * The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     */
    error TransferCallerNotOwnerNorApproved();

    /**
     * The token must be owned by `from`.
     */
    error TransferFromIncorrectOwner();

    /**
     * Cannot safely transfer to a contract that does not implement the
     * ERC721Receiver interface.
     */
    error TransferToNonERC721ReceiverImplementer();

    /**
     * Cannot transfer to the zero address.
     */
    error TransferToZeroAddress();

    /**
     * The token does not exist.
     */
    error URIQueryForNonexistentToken();

    /**
     * The `quantity` minted with ERC2309 exceeds the safety limit.
     */
    error MintERC2309QuantityExceedsLimit();

    /**
     * The `extraData` cannot be set on an unintialized ownership slot.
     */
    error OwnershipNotInitializedForExtraData();

    /**
     * `_sequentialUpTo()` must be greater than `_startTokenId()`.
     */
    error SequentialUpToTooSmall();

    /**
     * The `tokenId` of a sequential mint exceeds `_sequentialUpTo()`.
     */
    error SequentialMintExceedsLimit();

    /**
     * Spot minting requires a `tokenId` greater than `_sequentialUpTo()`.
     */
    error SpotMintTokenIdTooSmall();

    /**
     * Cannot mint over a token that already exists.
     */
    error TokenAlreadyExists();

    /**
     * The feature is not compatible with spot mints.
     */
    error NotCompatibleWithSpotMints();

    // =============================================================
    //                            STRUCTS
    // =============================================================

    struct TokenOwnership {
        // The address of the owner.
        address addr;
        // Stores the start time of ownership with minimal overhead for tokenomics.
        uint64 startTimestamp;
        // Whether the token has been burned.
        bool burned;
        // Arbitrary data similar to `startTimestamp` that can be set via {_extraData}.
        uint24 extraData;
    }

    // =============================================================
    //                         TOKEN COUNTERS
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total number of tokens in existence.
     * Burned tokens will reduce the count.
     * To get the total number of tokens minted, please see {_totalMinted}.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    // =============================================================
    //                            IERC165
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * [EIP section](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified)
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);

    // =============================================================
    //                            IERC721
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables
     * (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in `owner`'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`,
     * checking first that contract recipients are aware of the ERC721 protocol
     * to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be have been allowed to move
     * this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement
     * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external payable;

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to `safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, '')`.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external payable;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom}
     * whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token
     * by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external payable;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the
     * zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external payable;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom}
     * for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    // =============================================================
    //                        IERC721Metadata
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);

    // =============================================================
    //                           IERC2309
    // =============================================================

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when tokens in `fromTokenId` to `toTokenId`
     * (inclusive) is transferred from `from` to `to`, as defined in the
     * [ERC2309](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2309) standard.
     *
     * See {_mintERC2309} for more details.
     */
    event ConsecutiveTransfer(uint256 indexed fromTokenId, uint256 toTokenId, address indexed from, address indexed to);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.9.0;

pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

interface IMulticall3 {
    struct Call {
        address target;
        bytes callData;
    }

    struct Call3 {
        address target;
        bool allowFailure;
        bytes callData;
    }

    struct Call3Value {
        address target;
        bool allowFailure;
        uint256 value;
        bytes callData;
    }

    struct Result {
        bool success;
        bytes returnData;
    }

    function aggregate(Call[] calldata calls)
        external
        payable
        returns (uint256 blockNumber, bytes[] memory returnData);

    function aggregate3(Call3[] calldata calls) external payable returns (Result[] memory returnData);

    function aggregate3Value(Call3Value[] calldata calls) external payable returns (Result[] memory returnData);

    function blockAndAggregate(Call[] calldata calls)
        external
        payable
        returns (uint256 blockNumber, bytes32 blockHash, Result[] memory returnData);

    function getBasefee() external view returns (uint256 basefee);

    function getBlockHash(uint256 blockNumber) external view returns (bytes32 blockHash);

    function getBlockNumber() external view returns (uint256 blockNumber);

    function getChainId() external view returns (uint256 chainid);

    function getCurrentBlockCoinbase() external view returns (address coinbase);

    function getCurrentBlockDifficulty() external view returns (uint256 difficulty);

    function getCurrentBlockGasLimit() external view returns (uint256 gaslimit);

    function getCurrentBlockTimestamp() external view returns (uint256 timestamp);

    function getEthBalance(address addr) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    function getLastBlockHash() external view returns (bytes32 blockHash);

    function tryAggregate(bool requireSuccess, Call[] calldata calls)
        external
        payable
        returns (Result[] memory returnData);

    function tryBlockAndAggregate(bool requireSuccess, Call[] calldata calls)
        external
        payable
        returns (uint256 blockNumber, bytes32 blockHash, Result[] memory returnData);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.9.0;

import {IERC20} from "../interfaces/IERC20.sol";

/// @notice This is a mock contract of the ERC20 standard for testing purposes only, it SHOULD NOT be used in production.
/// @dev Forked from: https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/0384dbaaa4fcb5715738a9254a7c0a4cb62cf458/src/tokens/ERC20.sol
contract MockERC20 is IERC20 {
    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            METADATA STORAGE
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    string internal _name;

    string internal _symbol;

    uint8 internal _decimals;

    function name() external view override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    function symbol() external view override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    function decimals() external view override returns (uint8) {
        return _decimals;
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                              ERC20 STORAGE
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    uint256 internal _totalSupply;

    mapping(address => uint256) internal _balanceOf;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) internal _allowance;

    function totalSupply() external view override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    function balanceOf(address owner) external view override returns (uint256) {
        return _balanceOf[owner];
    }

    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowance[owner][spender];
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                            EIP-2612 STORAGE
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    uint256 internal INITIAL_CHAIN_ID;

    bytes32 internal INITIAL_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;

    mapping(address => uint256) public nonces;

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                               INITIALIZE
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /// @dev A bool to track whether the contract has been initialized.
    bool private initialized;

    /// @dev To hide constructor warnings across solc versions due to different constructor visibility requirements and
    /// syntaxes, we add an initialization function that can be called only once.
    function initialize(string memory name_, string memory symbol_, uint8 decimals_) public {
        require(!initialized, "ALREADY_INITIALIZED");

        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
        _decimals = decimals_;

        INITIAL_CHAIN_ID = _pureChainId();
        INITIAL_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = computeDomainSeparator();

        initialized = true;
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                               ERC20 LOGIC
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _allowance[msg.sender][spender] = amount;

        emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, amount);

        return true;
    }

    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _balanceOf[msg.sender] = _sub(_balanceOf[msg.sender], amount);
        _balanceOf[to] = _add(_balanceOf[to], amount);

        emit Transfer(msg.sender, to, amount);

        return true;
    }

    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        uint256 allowed = _allowance[from][msg.sender]; // Saves gas for limited approvals.

        if (allowed != ~uint256(0)) _allowance[from][msg.sender] = _sub(allowed, amount);

        _balanceOf[from] = _sub(_balanceOf[from], amount);
        _balanceOf[to] = _add(_balanceOf[to], amount);

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        return true;
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                             EIP-2612 LOGIC
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function permit(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s)
        public
        virtual
    {
        require(deadline >= block.timestamp, "PERMIT_DEADLINE_EXPIRED");

        address recoveredAddress = ecrecover(
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    "\x19\x01",
                    DOMAIN_SEPARATOR(),
                    keccak256(
                        abi.encode(
                            keccak256(
                                "Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)"
                            ),
                            owner,
                            spender,
                            value,
                            nonces[owner]++,
                            deadline
                        )
                    )
                )
            ),
            v,
            r,
            s
        );

        require(recoveredAddress != address(0) && recoveredAddress == owner, "INVALID_SIGNER");

        _allowance[recoveredAddress][spender] = value;

        emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
    }

    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() public view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return _pureChainId() == INITIAL_CHAIN_ID ? INITIAL_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR : computeDomainSeparator();
    }

    function computeDomainSeparator() internal view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(
            abi.encode(
                keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"),
                keccak256(bytes(_name)),
                keccak256("1"),
                _pureChainId(),
                address(this)
            )
        );
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        INTERNAL MINT/BURN LOGIC
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function _mint(address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        _totalSupply = _add(_totalSupply, amount);
        _balanceOf[to] = _add(_balanceOf[to], amount);

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, amount);
    }

    function _burn(address from, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        _balanceOf[from] = _sub(_balanceOf[from], amount);
        _totalSupply = _sub(_totalSupply, amount);

        emit Transfer(from, address(0), amount);
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        INTERNAL SAFE MATH LOGIC
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function _add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "ERC20: addition overflow");
        return c;
    }

    function _sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(a >= b, "ERC20: subtraction underflow");
        return a - b;
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                HELPERS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    // We use this complex approach of `_viewChainId` and `_pureChainId` to ensure there are no
    // compiler warnings when accessing chain ID in any solidity version supported by forge-std. We
    // can't simply access the chain ID in a normal view or pure function because the solc View Pure
    // Checker changed `chainid` from pure to view in 0.8.0.
    function _viewChainId() private view returns (uint256 chainId) {
        // Assembly required since `block.chainid` was introduced in 0.8.0.
        assembly {
            chainId := chainid()
        }

        address(this); // Silence warnings in older Solc versions.
    }

    function _pureChainId() private pure returns (uint256 chainId) {
        function() internal view returns (uint256) fnIn = _viewChainId;
        function() internal pure returns (uint256) pureChainId;
        assembly {
            pureChainId := fnIn
        }
        chainId = pureChainId();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.9.0;

import {IERC721Metadata} from "../interfaces/IERC721.sol";

/// @notice This is a mock contract of the ERC721 standard for testing purposes only, it SHOULD NOT be used in production.
/// @dev Forked from: https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/0384dbaaa4fcb5715738a9254a7c0a4cb62cf458/src/tokens/ERC721.sol
contract MockERC721 is IERC721Metadata {
    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                         METADATA STORAGE/LOGIC
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    string internal _name;

    string internal _symbol;

    function name() external view override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    function symbol() external view override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    function tokenURI(uint256 id) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {}

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                      ERC721 BALANCE/OWNER STORAGE
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    mapping(uint256 => address) internal _ownerOf;

    mapping(address => uint256) internal _balanceOf;

    function ownerOf(uint256 id) public view virtual override returns (address owner) {
        require((owner = _ownerOf[id]) != address(0), "NOT_MINTED");
    }

    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), "ZERO_ADDRESS");

        return _balanceOf[owner];
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                         ERC721 APPROVAL STORAGE
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    mapping(uint256 => address) internal _getApproved;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) internal _isApprovedForAll;

    function getApproved(uint256 id) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        return _getApproved[id];
    }

    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _isApprovedForAll[owner][operator];
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                               INITIALIZE
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    /// @dev A bool to track whether the contract has been initialized.
    bool private initialized;

    /// @dev To hide constructor warnings across solc versions due to different constructor visibility requirements and
    /// syntaxes, we add an initialization function that can be called only once.
    function initialize(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) public {
        require(!initialized, "ALREADY_INITIALIZED");

        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;

        initialized = true;
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                              ERC721 LOGIC
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function approve(address spender, uint256 id) public payable virtual override {
        address owner = _ownerOf[id];

        require(msg.sender == owner || _isApprovedForAll[owner][msg.sender], "NOT_AUTHORIZED");

        _getApproved[id] = spender;

        emit Approval(owner, spender, id);
    }

    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        _isApprovedForAll[msg.sender][operator] = approved;

        emit ApprovalForAll(msg.sender, operator, approved);
    }

    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 id) public payable virtual override {
        require(from == _ownerOf[id], "WRONG_FROM");

        require(to != address(0), "INVALID_RECIPIENT");

        require(
            msg.sender == from || _isApprovedForAll[from][msg.sender] || msg.sender == _getApproved[id],
            "NOT_AUTHORIZED"
        );

        // Underflow of the sender's balance is impossible because we check for
        // ownership above and the recipient's balance can't realistically overflow.
        _balanceOf[from]--;

        _balanceOf[to]++;

        _ownerOf[id] = to;

        delete _getApproved[id];

        emit Transfer(from, to, id);
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 id) public payable virtual override {
        transferFrom(from, to, id);

        require(
            !_isContract(to)
                || IERC721TokenReceiver(to).onERC721Received(msg.sender, from, id, "")
                    == IERC721TokenReceiver.onERC721Received.selector,
            "UNSAFE_RECIPIENT"
        );
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 id, bytes memory data)
        public
        payable
        virtual
        override
    {
        transferFrom(from, to, id);

        require(
            !_isContract(to)
                || IERC721TokenReceiver(to).onERC721Received(msg.sender, from, id, data)
                    == IERC721TokenReceiver.onERC721Received.selector,
            "UNSAFE_RECIPIENT"
        );
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                              ERC165 LOGIC
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == 0x01ffc9a7 // ERC165 Interface ID for ERC165
            || interfaceId == 0x80ac58cd // ERC165 Interface ID for ERC721
            || interfaceId == 0x5b5e139f; // ERC165 Interface ID for ERC721Metadata
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        INTERNAL MINT/BURN LOGIC
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function _mint(address to, uint256 id) internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "INVALID_RECIPIENT");

        require(_ownerOf[id] == address(0), "ALREADY_MINTED");

        // Counter overflow is incredibly unrealistic.

        _balanceOf[to]++;

        _ownerOf[id] = to;

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, id);
    }

    function _burn(uint256 id) internal virtual {
        address owner = _ownerOf[id];

        require(owner != address(0), "NOT_MINTED");

        _balanceOf[owner]--;

        delete _ownerOf[id];

        delete _getApproved[id];

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), id);
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        INTERNAL SAFE MINT LOGIC
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 id) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, id);

        require(
            !_isContract(to)
                || IERC721TokenReceiver(to).onERC721Received(msg.sender, address(0), id, "")
                    == IERC721TokenReceiver.onERC721Received.selector,
            "UNSAFE_RECIPIENT"
        );
    }

    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 id, bytes memory data) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, id);

        require(
            !_isContract(to)
                || IERC721TokenReceiver(to).onERC721Received(msg.sender, address(0), id, data)
                    == IERC721TokenReceiver.onERC721Received.selector,
            "UNSAFE_RECIPIENT"
        );
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                HELPERS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function _isContract(address _addr) private view returns (bool) {
        uint256 codeLength;

        // Assembly required for versions < 0.8.0 to check extcodesize.
        assembly {
            codeLength := extcodesize(_addr)
        }

        return codeLength > 0;
    }
}

interface IERC721TokenReceiver {
    function onERC721Received(address, address, uint256, bytes calldata) external returns (bytes4);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Context} from "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * The initial owner is set to the address provided by the deployer. This can
 * later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    /**
     * @dev The caller account is not authorized to perform an operation.
     */
    error OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address account);

    /**
     * @dev The owner is not a valid owner account. (eg. `address(0)`)
     */
    error OwnableInvalidOwner(address owner);

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the address provided by the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor(address initialOwner) {
        if (initialOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(initialOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        if (owner() != _msgSender()) {
            revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        if (newOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.19;

import {ScaffoldERC721A} from "./ScaffoldERC721A.sol";
import "forge-std/Test.sol";

contract PizzaPeople is ScaffoldERC721A {
    error PizzaPeople__AddressNotZero();
    error PizzaPeople__NotOwnerOfToken();

    string s_baseURIHeadshot;

    mapping(uint256 tokenId => bool) isHeadshotActive;

    constructor(
        ScaffoldERC721AParameters memory params,
        address[] memory initialMintRecipients,
        string memory baseURIHeadshot
    ) ScaffoldERC721A(params) {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < initialMintRecipients.length; i++) {
            if (initialMintRecipients[i] == address(0)) {
                revert ScaffoldERC721A__AddressNotZero();
            }

            _mint(initialMintRecipients[i], 1);
        }

        s_baseURIHeadshot = baseURIHeadshot;
    }

    function toggleHeadshot(uint256 tokenId) external {
        address owner = ownerOf(tokenId);
        if (owner != msg.sender) revert PizzaPeople__NotOwnerOfToken();

        isHeadshotActive[tokenId] = !isHeadshotActive[tokenId];
    }

    function getIsHeadshotActive(uint256 tokenId)
        external
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return isHeadshotActive[tokenId];
    }

    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId)
        public
        view
        virtual
        override
        returns (string memory)
    {
        if (!_exists(tokenId)) _revert(URIQueryForNonexistentToken.selector);

        string memory baseURI;

        if (isHeadshotActive[tokenId]) {
            baseURI = s_baseURIHeadshot;
        } else {
            baseURI = s_baseURI;
        }

        return bytes(baseURI).length != 0
            ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, _toString(tokenId)))
            : "";
    }
}

//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.19;

import "forge-std/console.sol";
// import "./Constraints.sol";
import "../lib/ERC721A/contracts/ERC721A.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract ScaffoldERC721A is ERC721A, Ownable {
    error ScaffoldERC721A__DidNotProvideEnoughCapital();
    error ScaffoldERC721A__IsNotWithinMintWindow();
    error ScaffoldERC721A__YouGottaHitUpTheWeedman();
    error ScaffoldERC721A__NoTokensLeftToMint();
    error ScaffoldERC721A__NotEnoughMintableTokensToFulfillRequest();
    error ScaffoldERC721A__CannotMintThatMany();
    error ScaffoldERC721A__AddressNotZero();

    event Minted(
        address indexed user,
        uint256 indexed startIndex,
        uint256 indexed endIndex
    );

    string s_baseURI;
    uint256 immutable s_mintStartTimestamp;
    uint256 immutable s_mintEndTimestamp;
    uint256 immutable s_mintPrice;
    address immutable s_mintRoyaltyRecipient;

    uint256 s_startTokenId;
    uint256 s_maxTokenCount;
    uint256 s_maxMintCountPerUser;

    mapping(address user => uint256) s_mintAmount;

    struct ScaffoldERC721AParameters {
        address owner;
        string name;
        string symbol;
        string baseURI;
        uint256 mintStartTimestamp;
        uint256 mintEndTimestamp;
        uint256 mintPrice;
        uint256 maxTokenCount;
        uint256 maxMintCountPerUser;
        address mintRoyaltyRecipient;
    }

    constructor(ScaffoldERC721AParameters memory params)
        ERC721A(params.name, params.symbol)
        Ownable(params.owner)
    {
        s_baseURI = params.baseURI;
        s_mintStartTimestamp = params.mintStartTimestamp;
        s_mintEndTimestamp = params.mintEndTimestamp;
        s_mintPrice = params.mintPrice;
        s_maxTokenCount = params.maxTokenCount;
        s_maxMintCountPerUser = params.maxMintCountPerUser;

        if (params.mintRoyaltyRecipient == address(0)) {
            revert ScaffoldERC721A__AddressNotZero();
        }

        s_mintRoyaltyRecipient = params.mintRoyaltyRecipient;
    }

    function mint(address recipient, uint256 amount) public payable {
        if (!isWithinConstraints()) {
            revert ScaffoldERC721A__IsNotWithinMintWindow();
        }

        if (msg.value < getMintPrice() * amount) {
            revert ScaffoldERC721A__DidNotProvideEnoughCapital();
        }

        if (_totalMinted() >= s_maxTokenCount) {
            revert ScaffoldERC721A__NoTokensLeftToMint();
        }

        if (_totalMinted() + amount > s_maxTokenCount) {
            revert ScaffoldERC721A__NotEnoughMintableTokensToFulfillRequest();
        }

        if (s_mintAmount[recipient] + amount > s_maxMintCountPerUser) {
            revert ScaffoldERC721A__CannotMintThatMany();
        }

        _mint(recipient, amount);
    }

    function _mint(address recipient, uint256 amount) internal override {
        s_mintAmount[recipient] += amount;
        emit Minted(recipient, _nextTokenId(), _nextTokenId() + amount);
        super._mint(recipient, amount);
    }

    function withdraw() external returns (bool) {
        (bool sent,) =
            s_mintRoyaltyRecipient.call{value: address(this).balance}("");
        require(sent, "Failed to send Ether");

        return sent;
    }

    function _baseURI() internal view override returns (string memory) {
        return s_baseURI;
    }

    function isWithinConstraints() public view returns (bool isWithin) {
        isWithin = _isWithinConstraints(
            block.timestamp, getMintStartTimestamp(), getMintEndTimestamp()
        );
    }

    function _startTokenId() internal pure override returns (uint256) {
        return 1;
    }

    function getMintStartTimestamp() public view returns (uint256) {
        return s_mintStartTimestamp;
    }

    function getMintEndTimestamp() public view returns (uint256) {
        return s_mintEndTimestamp;
    }

    function getMaxTokenCount() external view returns (uint256) {
        return s_maxTokenCount;
    }

    function getCurrentTokenCount() external view returns (uint256 mintCount) {
        mintCount = _totalMinted();
    }

    function getMintPrice() public view returns (uint256 mintPrice) {
        mintPrice = s_mintPrice;
    }

    function getMintRoyaltyRecipient() external view returns (address) {
        return s_mintRoyaltyRecipient;
    }

    function _isWithinConstraints(
        uint256 a,
        uint256 b,
        uint256 c
    ) public pure returns (bool value) {
        if (b == 0 && c == 0) {
            value = true;
        }
        if (b != 0 && c != 0) {
            value = a >= b && a <= c;
        }

        if (b == 0) {
            value = a <= c;
        }

        if (c == 0) {
            value = a >= b;
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.9.0;
pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import {Vm} from "./Vm.sol";

abstract contract StdAssertions {
    Vm private constant vm = Vm(address(uint160(uint256(keccak256("hevm cheat code")))));

    event log(string);
    event logs(bytes);

    event log_address(address);
    event log_bytes32(bytes32);
    event log_int(int256);
    event log_uint(uint256);
    event log_bytes(bytes);
    event log_string(string);

    event log_named_address(string key, address val);
    event log_named_bytes32(string key, bytes32 val);
    event log_named_decimal_int(string key, int256 val, uint256 decimals);
    event log_named_decimal_uint(string key, uint256 val, uint256 decimals);
    event log_named_int(string key, int256 val);
    event log_named_uint(string key, uint256 val);
    event log_named_bytes(string key, bytes val);
    event log_named_string(string key, string val);

    event log_array(uint256[] val);
    event log_array(int256[] val);
    event log_array(address[] val);
    event log_named_array(string key, uint256[] val);
    event log_named_array(string key, int256[] val);
    event log_named_array(string key, address[] val);

    bool private _failed;

    function failed() public view returns (bool) {
        if (_failed) {
            return _failed;
        } else {
            return vm.load(address(vm), bytes32("failed")) != bytes32(0);
        }
    }

    function fail() internal virtual {
        vm.store(address(vm), bytes32("failed"), bytes32(uint256(1)));
        _failed = true;
    }

    function assertTrue(bool data) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertTrue(data);
    }

    function assertTrue(bool data, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertTrue(data, err);
    }

    function assertFalse(bool data) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertFalse(data);
    }

    function assertFalse(bool data, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertFalse(data, err);
    }

    function assertEq(bool left, bool right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(bool left, bool right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEq(uint256 left, uint256 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(uint256 left, uint256 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEqDecimal(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 decimals) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEqDecimal(left, right, decimals);
    }

    function assertEqDecimal(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 decimals, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEqDecimal(left, right, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertEq(int256 left, int256 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(int256 left, int256 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEqDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 decimals) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEqDecimal(left, right, decimals);
    }

    function assertEqDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 decimals, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEqDecimal(left, right, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertEq(address left, address right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(address left, address right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEq(bytes32 left, bytes32 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(bytes32 left, bytes32 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEq32(bytes32 left, bytes32 right) internal pure virtual {
        assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq32(bytes32 left, bytes32 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEq(string memory left, string memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(string memory left, string memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEq(bytes memory left, bytes memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(bytes memory left, bytes memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEq(bool[] memory left, bool[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(bool[] memory left, bool[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEq(uint256[] memory left, uint256[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(uint256[] memory left, uint256[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEq(int256[] memory left, int256[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(int256[] memory left, int256[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEq(address[] memory left, address[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(address[] memory left, address[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEq(bytes32[] memory left, bytes32[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(bytes32[] memory left, bytes32[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEq(string[] memory left, string[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(string[] memory left, string[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEq(bytes[] memory left, bytes[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq(bytes[] memory left, bytes[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    // Legacy helper
    function assertEqUint(uint256 left, uint256 right) internal pure virtual {
        assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(bool left, bool right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(bool left, bool right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq(uint256 left, uint256 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(uint256 left, uint256 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEqDecimal(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 decimals) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEqDecimal(left, right, decimals);
    }

    function assertNotEqDecimal(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 decimals, string memory err)
        internal
        pure
        virtual
    {
        vm.assertNotEqDecimal(left, right, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq(int256 left, int256 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(int256 left, int256 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEqDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 decimals) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEqDecimal(left, right, decimals);
    }

    function assertNotEqDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 decimals, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEqDecimal(left, right, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq(address left, address right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(address left, address right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq(bytes32 left, bytes32 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(bytes32 left, bytes32 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq32(bytes32 left, bytes32 right) internal pure virtual {
        assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq32(bytes32 left, bytes32 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq(string memory left, string memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(string memory left, string memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq(bytes memory left, bytes memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(bytes memory left, bytes memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq(bool[] memory left, bool[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(bool[] memory left, bool[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq(uint256[] memory left, uint256[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(uint256[] memory left, uint256[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq(int256[] memory left, int256[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(int256[] memory left, int256[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq(address[] memory left, address[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(address[] memory left, address[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq(bytes32[] memory left, bytes32[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(bytes32[] memory left, bytes32[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq(string[] memory left, string[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(string[] memory left, string[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq(bytes[] memory left, bytes[] memory right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq(bytes[] memory left, bytes[] memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertLt(uint256 left, uint256 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLt(left, right);
    }

    function assertLt(uint256 left, uint256 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLt(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertLtDecimal(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 decimals) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLtDecimal(left, right, decimals);
    }

    function assertLtDecimal(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 decimals, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLtDecimal(left, right, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertLt(int256 left, int256 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLt(left, right);
    }

    function assertLt(int256 left, int256 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLt(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertLtDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 decimals) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLtDecimal(left, right, decimals);
    }

    function assertLtDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 decimals, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLtDecimal(left, right, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertGt(uint256 left, uint256 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGt(left, right);
    }

    function assertGt(uint256 left, uint256 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGt(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertGtDecimal(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 decimals) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGtDecimal(left, right, decimals);
    }

    function assertGtDecimal(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 decimals, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGtDecimal(left, right, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertGt(int256 left, int256 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGt(left, right);
    }

    function assertGt(int256 left, int256 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGt(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertGtDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 decimals) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGtDecimal(left, right, decimals);
    }

    function assertGtDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 decimals, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGtDecimal(left, right, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertLe(uint256 left, uint256 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLe(left, right);
    }

    function assertLe(uint256 left, uint256 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLe(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertLeDecimal(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 decimals) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLeDecimal(left, right, decimals);
    }

    function assertLeDecimal(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 decimals, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLeDecimal(left, right, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertLe(int256 left, int256 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLe(left, right);
    }

    function assertLe(int256 left, int256 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLe(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertLeDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 decimals) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLeDecimal(left, right, decimals);
    }

    function assertLeDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 decimals, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertLeDecimal(left, right, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertGe(uint256 left, uint256 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGe(left, right);
    }

    function assertGe(uint256 left, uint256 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGe(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertGeDecimal(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 decimals) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGeDecimal(left, right, decimals);
    }

    function assertGeDecimal(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 decimals, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGeDecimal(left, right, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertGe(int256 left, int256 right) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGe(left, right);
    }

    function assertGe(int256 left, int256 right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGe(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertGeDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 decimals) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGeDecimal(left, right, decimals);
    }

    function assertGeDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 decimals, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertGeDecimal(left, right, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertApproxEqAbs(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 maxDelta) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertApproxEqAbs(left, right, maxDelta);
    }

    function assertApproxEqAbs(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 maxDelta, string memory err)
        internal
        pure
        virtual
    {
        vm.assertApproxEqAbs(left, right, maxDelta, err);
    }

    function assertApproxEqAbsDecimal(uint256 left, uint256 right, uint256 maxDelta, uint256 decimals)
        internal
        pure
        virtual
    {
        vm.assertApproxEqAbsDecimal(left, right, maxDelta, decimals);
    }

    function assertApproxEqAbsDecimal(
        uint256 left,
        uint256 right,
        uint256 maxDelta,
        uint256 decimals,
        string memory err
    ) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertApproxEqAbsDecimal(left, right, maxDelta, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertApproxEqAbs(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 maxDelta) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertApproxEqAbs(left, right, maxDelta);
    }

    function assertApproxEqAbs(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 maxDelta, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertApproxEqAbs(left, right, maxDelta, err);
    }

    function assertApproxEqAbsDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 maxDelta, uint256 decimals)
        internal
        pure
        virtual
    {
        vm.assertApproxEqAbsDecimal(left, right, maxDelta, decimals);
    }

    function assertApproxEqAbsDecimal(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 maxDelta, uint256 decimals, string memory err)
        internal
        pure
        virtual
    {
        vm.assertApproxEqAbsDecimal(left, right, maxDelta, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertApproxEqRel(
        uint256 left,
        uint256 right,
        uint256 maxPercentDelta // An 18 decimal fixed point number, where 1e18 == 100%
    ) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertApproxEqRel(left, right, maxPercentDelta);
    }

    function assertApproxEqRel(
        uint256 left,
        uint256 right,
        uint256 maxPercentDelta, // An 18 decimal fixed point number, where 1e18 == 100%
        string memory err
    ) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertApproxEqRel(left, right, maxPercentDelta, err);
    }

    function assertApproxEqRelDecimal(
        uint256 left,
        uint256 right,
        uint256 maxPercentDelta, // An 18 decimal fixed point number, where 1e18 == 100%
        uint256 decimals
    ) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertApproxEqRelDecimal(left, right, maxPercentDelta, decimals);
    }

    function assertApproxEqRelDecimal(
        uint256 left,
        uint256 right,
        uint256 maxPercentDelta, // An 18 decimal fixed point number, where 1e18 == 100%
        uint256 decimals,
        string memory err
    ) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertApproxEqRelDecimal(left, right, maxPercentDelta, decimals, err);
    }

    function assertApproxEqRel(int256 left, int256 right, uint256 maxPercentDelta) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertApproxEqRel(left, right, maxPercentDelta);
    }

    function assertApproxEqRel(
        int256 left,
        int256 right,
        uint256 maxPercentDelta, // An 18 decimal fixed point number, where 1e18 == 100%
        string memory err
    ) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertApproxEqRel(left, right, maxPercentDelta, err);
    }

    function assertApproxEqRelDecimal(
        int256 left,
        int256 right,
        uint256 maxPercentDelta, // An 18 decimal fixed point number, where 1e18 == 100%
        uint256 decimals
    ) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertApproxEqRelDecimal(left, right, maxPercentDelta, decimals);
    }

    function assertApproxEqRelDecimal(
        int256 left,
        int256 right,
        uint256 maxPercentDelta, // An 18 decimal fixed point number, where 1e18 == 100%
        uint256 decimals,
        string memory err
    ) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assertApproxEqRelDecimal(left, right, maxPercentDelta, decimals, err);
    }

    // Inherited from DSTest, not used but kept for backwards-compatibility
    function checkEq0(bytes memory left, bytes memory right) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak256(left) == keccak256(right);
    }

    function assertEq0(bytes memory left, bytes memory right) internal pure virtual {
        assertEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertEq0(bytes memory left, bytes memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        assertEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertNotEq0(bytes memory left, bytes memory right) internal pure virtual {
        assertNotEq(left, right);
    }

    function assertNotEq0(bytes memory left, bytes memory right, string memory err) internal pure virtual {
        assertNotEq(left, right, err);
    }

    function assertEqCall(address target, bytes memory callDataA, bytes memory callDataB) internal virtual {
        assertEqCall(target, callDataA, target, callDataB, true);
    }

    function assertEqCall(address targetA, bytes memory callDataA, address targetB, bytes memory callDataB)
        internal
        virtual
    {
        assertEqCall(targetA, callDataA, targetB, callDataB, true);
    }

    function assertEqCall(address target, bytes memory callDataA, bytes memory callDataB, bool strictRevertData)
        internal
        virtual
    {
        assertEqCall(target, callDataA, target, callDataB, strictRevertData);
    }

    function assertEqCall(
        address targetA,
        bytes memory callDataA,
        address targetB,
        bytes memory callDataB,
        bool strictRevertData
    ) internal virtual {
        (bool successA, bytes memory returnDataA) = address(targetA).call(callDataA);
        (bool successB, bytes memory returnDataB) = address(targetB).call(callDataB);

        if (successA && successB) {
            assertEq(returnDataA, returnDataB, "Call return data does not match");
        }

        if (!successA && !successB && strictRevertData) {
            assertEq(returnDataA, returnDataB, "Call revert data does not match");
        }

        if (!successA && successB) {
            emit log("Error: Calls were not equal");
            emit log_named_bytes("  Left call revert data", returnDataA);
            emit log_named_bytes(" Right call return data", returnDataB);
            revert("assertion failed");
        }

        if (successA && !successB) {
            emit log("Error: Calls were not equal");
            emit log_named_bytes("  Left call return data", returnDataA);
            emit log_named_bytes(" Right call revert data", returnDataB);
            revert("assertion failed");
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.9.0;

import {VmSafe} from "./Vm.sol";

/**
 * StdChains provides information about EVM compatible chains that can be used in scripts/tests.
 * For each chain, the chain's name, chain ID, and a default RPC URL are provided. Chains are
 * identified by their alias, which is the same as the alias in the `[rpc_endpoints]` section of
 * the `foundry.toml` file. For best UX, ensure the alias in the `foundry.toml` file match the
 * alias used in this contract, which can be found as the first argument to the
 * `setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl` call in the `initializeStdChains` function.
 *
 * There are two main ways to use this contract:
 *   1. Set a chain with `setChain(string memory chainAlias, ChainData memory chain)` or
 *      `setChain(string memory chainAlias, Chain memory chain)`
 *   2. Get a chain with `getChain(string memory chainAlias)` or `getChain(uint256 chainId)`.
 *
 * The first time either of those are used, chains are initialized with the default set of RPC URLs.
 * This is done in `initializeStdChains`, which uses `setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl`. Defaults are recorded in
 * `defaultRpcUrls`.
 *
 * The `setChain` function is straightforward, and it simply saves off the given chain data.
 *
 * The `getChain` methods use `getChainWithUpdatedRpcUrl` to return a chain. For example, let's say
 * we want to retrieve the RPC URL for `mainnet`:
 *   - If you have specified data with `setChain`, it will return that.
 *   - If you have configured a mainnet RPC URL in `foundry.toml`, it will return the URL, provided it
 *     is valid (e.g. a URL is specified, or an environment variable is given and exists).
 *   - If neither of the above conditions is met, the default data is returned.
 *
 * Summarizing the above, the prioritization hierarchy is `setChain` -> `foundry.toml` -> environment variable -> defaults.
 */
abstract contract StdChains {
    VmSafe private constant vm = VmSafe(address(uint160(uint256(keccak256("hevm cheat code")))));

    bool private stdChainsInitialized;

    struct ChainData {
        string name;
        uint256 chainId;
        string rpcUrl;
    }

    struct Chain {
        // The chain name.
        string name;
        // The chain's Chain ID.
        uint256 chainId;
        // The chain's alias. (i.e. what gets specified in `foundry.toml`).
        string chainAlias;
        // A default RPC endpoint for this chain.
        // NOTE: This default RPC URL is included for convenience to facilitate quick tests and
        // experimentation. Do not use this RPC URL for production test suites, CI, or other heavy
        // usage as you will be throttled and this is a disservice to others who need this endpoint.
        string rpcUrl;
    }

    // Maps from the chain's alias (matching the alias in the `foundry.toml` file) to chain data.
    mapping(string => Chain) private chains;
    // Maps from the chain's alias to it's default RPC URL.
    mapping(string => string) private defaultRpcUrls;
    // Maps from a chain ID to it's alias.
    mapping(uint256 => string) private idToAlias;

    bool private fallbackToDefaultRpcUrls = true;

    // The RPC URL will be fetched from config or defaultRpcUrls if possible.
    function getChain(string memory chainAlias) internal virtual returns (Chain memory chain) {
        require(bytes(chainAlias).length != 0, "StdChains getChain(string): Chain alias cannot be the empty string.");

        initializeStdChains();
        chain = chains[chainAlias];
        require(
            chain.chainId != 0,
            string(abi.encodePacked("StdChains getChain(string): Chain with alias \"", chainAlias, "\" not found."))
        );

        chain = getChainWithUpdatedRpcUrl(chainAlias, chain);
    }

    function getChain(uint256 chainId) internal virtual returns (Chain memory chain) {
        require(chainId != 0, "StdChains getChain(uint256): Chain ID cannot be 0.");
        initializeStdChains();
        string memory chainAlias = idToAlias[chainId];

        chain = chains[chainAlias];

        require(
            chain.chainId != 0,
            string(abi.encodePacked("StdChains getChain(uint256): Chain with ID ", vm.toString(chainId), " not found."))
        );

        chain = getChainWithUpdatedRpcUrl(chainAlias, chain);
    }

    // set chain info, with priority to argument's rpcUrl field.
    function setChain(string memory chainAlias, ChainData memory chain) internal virtual {
        require(
            bytes(chainAlias).length != 0,
            "StdChains setChain(string,ChainData): Chain alias cannot be the empty string."
        );

        require(chain.chainId != 0, "StdChains setChain(string,ChainData): Chain ID cannot be 0.");

        initializeStdChains();
        string memory foundAlias = idToAlias[chain.chainId];

        require(
            bytes(foundAlias).length == 0 || keccak256(bytes(foundAlias)) == keccak256(bytes(chainAlias)),
            string(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    "StdChains setChain(string,ChainData): Chain ID ",
                    vm.toString(chain.chainId),
                    " already used by \"",
                    foundAlias,
                    "\"."
                )
            )
        );

        uint256 oldChainId = chains[chainAlias].chainId;
        delete idToAlias[oldChainId];

        chains[chainAlias] =
            Chain({name: chain.name, chainId: chain.chainId, chainAlias: chainAlias, rpcUrl: chain.rpcUrl});
        idToAlias[chain.chainId] = chainAlias;
    }

    // set chain info, with priority to argument's rpcUrl field.
    function setChain(string memory chainAlias, Chain memory chain) internal virtual {
        setChain(chainAlias, ChainData({name: chain.name, chainId: chain.chainId, rpcUrl: chain.rpcUrl}));
    }

    function _toUpper(string memory str) private pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory strb = bytes(str);
        bytes memory copy = new bytes(strb.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < strb.length; i++) {
            bytes1 b = strb[i];
            if (b >= 0x61 && b <= 0x7A) {
                copy[i] = bytes1(uint8(b) - 32);
            } else {
                copy[i] = b;
            }
        }
        return string(copy);
    }

    // lookup rpcUrl, in descending order of priority:
    // current -> config (foundry.toml) -> environment variable -> default
    function getChainWithUpdatedRpcUrl(string memory chainAlias, Chain memory chain)
        private
        view
        returns (Chain memory)
    {
        if (bytes(chain.rpcUrl).length == 0) {
            try vm.rpcUrl(chainAlias) returns (string memory configRpcUrl) {
                chain.rpcUrl = configRpcUrl;
            } catch (bytes memory err) {
                string memory envName = string(abi.encodePacked(_toUpper(chainAlias), "_RPC_URL"));
                if (fallbackToDefaultRpcUrls) {
                    chain.rpcUrl = vm.envOr(envName, defaultRpcUrls[chainAlias]);
                } else {
                    chain.rpcUrl = vm.envString(envName);
                }
                // Distinguish 'not found' from 'cannot read'
                // The upstream error thrown by forge for failing cheats changed so we check both the old and new versions
                bytes memory oldNotFoundError =
                    abi.encodeWithSignature("CheatCodeError", string(abi.encodePacked("invalid rpc url ", chainAlias)));
                bytes memory newNotFoundError = abi.encodeWithSignature(
                    "CheatcodeError(string)", string(abi.encodePacked("invalid rpc url: ", chainAlias))
                );
                bytes32 errHash = keccak256(err);
                if (
                    (errHash != keccak256(oldNotFoundError) && errHash != keccak256(newNotFoundError))
                        || bytes(chain.rpcUrl).length == 0
                ) {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, err), mload(err))
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return chain;
    }

    function setFallbackToDefaultRpcUrls(bool useDefault) internal {
        fallbackToDefaultRpcUrls = useDefault;
    }

    function initializeStdChains() private {
        if (stdChainsInitialized) return;

        stdChainsInitialized = true;

        // If adding an RPC here, make sure to test the default RPC URL in `testRpcs`
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("anvil", ChainData("Anvil", 31337, "http://127.0.0.1:8545"));
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl(
            "mainnet", ChainData("Mainnet", 1, "https://eth-mainnet.alchemyapi.io/v2/pwc5rmJhrdoaSEfimoKEmsvOjKSmPDrP")
        );
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl(
            "sepolia", ChainData("Sepolia", 11155111, "https://sepolia.infura.io/v3/b9794ad1ddf84dfb8c34d6bb5dca2001")
        );
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("holesky", ChainData("Holesky", 17000, "https://rpc.holesky.ethpandaops.io"));
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("optimism", ChainData("Optimism", 10, "https://mainnet.optimism.io"));
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl(
            "optimism_sepolia", ChainData("Optimism Sepolia", 11155420, "https://sepolia.optimism.io")
        );
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("arbitrum_one", ChainData("Arbitrum One", 42161, "https://arb1.arbitrum.io/rpc"));
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl(
            "arbitrum_one_sepolia", ChainData("Arbitrum One Sepolia", 421614, "https://sepolia-rollup.arbitrum.io/rpc")
        );
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("arbitrum_nova", ChainData("Arbitrum Nova", 42170, "https://nova.arbitrum.io/rpc"));
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("polygon", ChainData("Polygon", 137, "https://polygon-rpc.com"));
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl(
            "polygon_amoy", ChainData("Polygon Amoy", 80002, "https://rpc-amoy.polygon.technology")
        );
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("avalanche", ChainData("Avalanche", 43114, "https://api.avax.network/ext/bc/C/rpc"));
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl(
            "avalanche_fuji", ChainData("Avalanche Fuji", 43113, "https://api.avax-test.network/ext/bc/C/rpc")
        );
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl(
            "bnb_smart_chain", ChainData("BNB Smart Chain", 56, "https://bsc-dataseed1.binance.org")
        );
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl(
            "bnb_smart_chain_testnet",
            ChainData("BNB Smart Chain Testnet", 97, "https://rpc.ankr.com/bsc_testnet_chapel")
        );
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("gnosis_chain", ChainData("Gnosis Chain", 100, "https://rpc.gnosischain.com"));
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("moonbeam", ChainData("Moonbeam", 1284, "https://rpc.api.moonbeam.network"));
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl(
            "moonriver", ChainData("Moonriver", 1285, "https://rpc.api.moonriver.moonbeam.network")
        );
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("moonbase", ChainData("Moonbase", 1287, "https://rpc.testnet.moonbeam.network"));
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("base_sepolia", ChainData("Base Sepolia", 84532, "https://sepolia.base.org"));
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("base", ChainData("Base", 8453, "https://mainnet.base.org"));
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("fraxtal", ChainData("Fraxtal", 252, "https://rpc.frax.com"));
        setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl("fraxtal_testnet", ChainData("Fraxtal Testnet", 2522, "https://rpc.testnet.frax.com"));
    }

    // set chain info, with priority to chainAlias' rpc url in foundry.toml
    function setChainWithDefaultRpcUrl(string memory chainAlias, ChainData memory chain) private {
        string memory rpcUrl = chain.rpcUrl;
        defaultRpcUrls[chainAlias] = rpcUrl;
        chain.rpcUrl = "";
        setChain(chainAlias, chain);
        chain.rpcUrl = rpcUrl; // restore argument
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.2 <0.9.0;

pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

import {StdStorage, stdStorage} from "./StdStorage.sol";
import {console2} from "./console2.sol";
import {Vm} from "./Vm.sol";

abstract contract StdCheatsSafe {
    Vm private constant vm = Vm(address(uint160(uint256(keccak256("hevm cheat code")))));

    uint256 private constant UINT256_MAX =
        115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639935;

    bool private gasMeteringOff;

    // Data structures to parse Transaction objects from the broadcast artifact
    // that conform to EIP1559. The Raw structs is what is parsed from the JSON
    // and then converted to the one that is used by the user for better UX.

    struct RawTx1559 {
        string[] arguments;
        address contractAddress;
        string contractName;
        // json value name = function
        string functionSig;
        bytes32 hash;
        // json value name = tx
        RawTx1559Detail txDetail;
        // json value name = type
        string opcode;
    }

    struct RawTx1559Detail {
        AccessList[] accessList;
        bytes data;
        address from;
        bytes gas;
        bytes nonce;
        address to;
        bytes txType;
        bytes value;
    }

    struct Tx1559 {
        string[] arguments;
        address contractAddress;
        string contractName;
        string functionSig;
        bytes32 hash;
        Tx1559Detail txDetail;
        string opcode;
    }

    struct Tx1559Detail {
        AccessList[] accessList;
        bytes data;
        address from;
        uint256 gas;
        uint256 nonce;
        address to;
        uint256 txType;
        uint256 value;
    }

    // Data structures to parse Transaction objects from the broadcast artifact
    // that DO NOT conform to EIP1559. The Raw structs is what is parsed from the JSON
    // and then converted to the one that is used by the user for better UX.

    struct TxLegacy {
        string[] arguments;
        address contractAddress;
        string contractName;
        string functionSig;
        string hash;
        string opcode;
        TxDetailLegacy transaction;
    }

    struct TxDetailLegacy {
        AccessList[] accessList;
        uint256 chainId;
        bytes data;
        address from;
        uint256 gas;
        uint256 gasPrice;
        bytes32 hash;
        uint256 nonce;
        bytes1 opcode;
        bytes32 r;
        bytes32 s;
        uint256 txType;
        address to;
        uint8 v;
        uint256 value;
    }

    struct AccessList {
        address accessAddress;
        bytes32[] storageKeys;
    }

    // Data structures to parse Receipt objects from the broadcast artifact.
    // The Raw structs is what is parsed from the JSON
    // and then converted to the one that is used by the user for better UX.

    struct RawReceipt {
        bytes32 blockHash;
        bytes blockNumber;
        address contractAddress;
        bytes cumulativeGasUsed;
        bytes effectiveGasPrice;
        address from;
        bytes gasUsed;
        RawReceiptLog[] logs;
        bytes logsBloom;
        bytes status;
        address to;
        bytes32 transactionHash;
        bytes transactionIndex;
    }

    struct Receipt {
        bytes32 blockHash;
        uint256 blockNumber;
        address contractAddress;
        uint256 cumulativeGasUsed;
        uint256 effectiveGasPrice;
        address from;
        uint256 gasUsed;
        ReceiptLog[] logs;
        bytes logsBloom;
        uint256 status;
        address to;
        bytes32 transactionHash;
        uint256 transactionIndex;
    }

    // Data structures to parse the entire broadcast artifact, assuming the
    // transactions conform to EIP1559.

    struct EIP1559ScriptArtifact {
        string[] libraries;
        string path;
        string[] pending;
        Receipt[] receipts;
        uint256 timestamp;
        Tx1559[] transactions;
        TxReturn[] txReturns;
    }

    struct RawEIP1559ScriptArtifact {
        string[] libraries;
        string path;
        string[] pending;
        RawReceipt[] receipts;
        TxReturn[] txReturns;
        uint256 timestamp;
        RawTx1559[] transactions;
    }

    struct RawReceiptLog {
        // json value = address
        address logAddress;
        bytes32 blockHash;
        bytes blockNumber;
        bytes data;
        bytes logIndex;
        bool removed;
        bytes32[] topics;
        bytes32 transactionHash;
        bytes transactionIndex;
        bytes transactionLogIndex;
    }

    struct ReceiptLog {
        // json value = address
        address logAddress;
        bytes32 blockHash;
        uint256 blockNumber;
        bytes data;
        uint256 logIndex;
        bytes32[] topics;
        uint256 transactionIndex;
        uint256 transactionLogIndex;
        bool removed;
    }

    struct TxReturn {
        string internalType;
        string value;
    }

    struct Account {
        address addr;
        uint256 key;
    }

    enum AddressType {
        Payable,
        NonPayable,
        ZeroAddress,
        Precompile,
        ForgeAddress
    }

    // Checks that `addr` is not blacklisted by token contracts that have a blacklist.
    function assumeNotBlacklisted(address token, address addr) internal view virtual {
        // Nothing to check if `token` is not a contract.
        uint256 tokenCodeSize;
        assembly {
            tokenCodeSize := extcodesize(token)
        }
        require(tokenCodeSize > 0, "StdCheats assumeNotBlacklisted(address,address): Token address is not a contract.");

        bool success;
        bytes memory returnData;

        // 4-byte selector for `isBlacklisted(address)`, used by USDC.
        (success, returnData) = token.staticcall(abi.encodeWithSelector(0xfe575a87, addr));
        vm.assume(!success || abi.decode(returnData, (bool)) == false);

        // 4-byte selector for `isBlackListed(address)`, used by USDT.
        (success, returnData) = token.staticcall(abi.encodeWithSelector(0xe47d6060, addr));
        vm.assume(!success || abi.decode(returnData, (bool)) == false);
    }

    // Checks that `addr` is not blacklisted by token contracts that have a blacklist.
    // This is identical to `assumeNotBlacklisted(address,address)` but with a different name, for
    // backwards compatibility, since this name was used in the original PR which has already has
    // a release. This function can be removed in a future release once we want a breaking change.
    function assumeNoBlacklisted(address token, address addr) internal view virtual {
        assumeNotBlacklisted(token, addr);
    }

    function assumeAddressIsNot(address addr, AddressType addressType) internal virtual {
        if (addressType == AddressType.Payable) {
            assumeNotPayable(addr);
        } else if (addressType == AddressType.NonPayable) {
            assumePayable(addr);
        } else if (addressType == AddressType.ZeroAddress) {
            assumeNotZeroAddress(addr);
        } else if (addressType == AddressType.Precompile) {
            assumeNotPrecompile(addr);
        } else if (addressType == AddressType.ForgeAddress) {
            assumeNotForgeAddress(addr);
        }
    }

    function assumeAddressIsNot(address addr, AddressType addressType1, AddressType addressType2) internal virtual {
        assumeAddressIsNot(addr, addressType1);
        assumeAddressIsNot(addr, addressType2);
    }

    function assumeAddressIsNot(
        address addr,
        AddressType addressType1,
        AddressType addressType2,
        AddressType addressType3
    ) internal virtual {
        assumeAddressIsNot(addr, addressType1);
        assumeAddressIsNot(addr, addressType2);
        assumeAddressIsNot(addr, addressType3);
    }

    function assumeAddressIsNot(
        address addr,
        AddressType addressType1,
        AddressType addressType2,
        AddressType addressType3,
        AddressType addressType4
    ) internal virtual {
        assumeAddressIsNot(addr, addressType1);
        assumeAddressIsNot(addr, addressType2);
        assumeAddressIsNot(addr, addressType3);
        assumeAddressIsNot(addr, addressType4);
    }

    // This function checks whether an address, `addr`, is payable. It works by sending 1 wei to
    // `addr` and checking the `success` return value.
    // NOTE: This function may result in state changes depending on the fallback/receive logic
    // implemented by `addr`, which should be taken into account when this function is used.
    function _isPayable(address addr) private returns (bool) {
        require(
            addr.balance < UINT256_MAX,
            "StdCheats _isPayable(address): Balance equals max uint256, so it cannot receive any more funds"
        );
        uint256 origBalanceTest = address(this).balance;
        uint256 origBalanceAddr = address(addr).balance;

        vm.deal(address(this), 1);
        (bool success,) = payable(addr).call{value: 1}("");

        // reset balances
        vm.deal(address(this), origBalanceTest);
        vm.deal(addr, origBalanceAddr);

        return success;
    }

    // NOTE: This function may result in state changes depending on the fallback/receive logic
    // implemented by `addr`, which should be taken into account when this function is used. See the
    // `_isPayable` method for more information.
    function assumePayable(address addr) internal virtual {
        vm.assume(_isPayable(addr));
    }

    function assumeNotPayable(address addr) internal virtual {
        vm.assume(!_isPayable(addr));
    }

    function assumeNotZeroAddress(address addr) internal pure virtual {
        vm.assume(addr != address(0));
    }

    function assumeNotPrecompile(address addr) internal pure virtual {
        assumeNotPrecompile(addr, _pureChainId());
    }

    function assumeNotPrecompile(address addr, uint256 chainId) internal pure virtual {
        // Note: For some chains like Optimism these are technically predeploys (i.e. bytecode placed at a specific
        // address), but the same rationale for excluding them applies so we include those too.

        // These should be present on all EVM-compatible chains.
        vm.assume(addr < address(0x1) || addr > address(0x9));

        // forgefmt: disable-start
        if (chainId == 10 || chainId == 420) {
            // https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/eaa371a0184b56b7ca6d9eb9cb0a2b78b2ccd864/op-bindings/predeploys/addresses.go#L6-L21
            vm.assume(addr < address(0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000000) || addr > address(0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000800));
        } else if (chainId == 42161 || chainId == 421613) {
            // https://developer.arbitrum.io/useful-addresses#arbitrum-precompiles-l2-same-on-all-arb-chains
            vm.assume(addr < address(0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000064) || addr > address(0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000068));
        } else if (chainId == 43114 || chainId == 43113) {
            // https://github.com/ava-labs/subnet-evm/blob/47c03fd007ecaa6de2c52ea081596e0a88401f58/precompile/params.go#L18-L59
            vm.assume(addr < address(0x0100000000000000000000000000000000000000) || addr > address(0x01000000000000000000000000000000000000ff));
            vm.assume(addr < address(0x0200000000000000000000000000000000000000) || addr > address(0x02000000000000000000000000000000000000FF));
            vm.assume(addr < address(0x0300000000000000000000000000000000000000) || addr > address(0x03000000000000000000000000000000000000Ff));
        }
        // forgefmt: disable-end
    }

    function assumeNotForgeAddress(address addr) internal pure virtual {
        // vm, console, and Create2Deployer addresses
        vm.assume(
            addr != address(vm) && addr != 0x000000000000000000636F6e736F6c652e6c6f67
                && addr != 0x4e59b44847b379578588920cA78FbF26c0B4956C
        );
    }

    function readEIP1559ScriptArtifact(string memory path)
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (EIP1559ScriptArtifact memory)
    {
        string memory data = vm.readFile(path);
        bytes memory parsedData = vm.parseJson(data);
        RawEIP1559ScriptArtifact memory rawArtifact = abi.decode(parsedData, (RawEIP1559ScriptArtifact));
        EIP1559ScriptArtifact memory artifact;
        artifact.libraries = rawArtifact.libraries;
        artifact.path = rawArtifact.path;
        artifact.timestamp = rawArtifact.timestamp;
        artifact.pending = rawArtifact.pending;
        artifact.txReturns = rawArtifact.txReturns;
        artifact.receipts = rawToConvertedReceipts(rawArtifact.receipts);
        artifact.transactions = rawToConvertedEIPTx1559s(rawArtifact.transactions);
        return artifact;
    }

    function rawToConvertedEIPTx1559s(RawTx1559[] memory rawTxs) internal pure virtual returns (Tx1559[] memory) {
        Tx1559[] memory txs = new Tx1559[](rawTxs.length);
        for (uint256 i; i < rawTxs.length; i++) {
            txs[i] = rawToConvertedEIPTx1559(rawTxs[i]);
        }
        return txs;
    }

    function rawToConvertedEIPTx1559(RawTx1559 memory rawTx) internal pure virtual returns (Tx1559 memory) {
        Tx1559 memory transaction;
        transaction.arguments = rawTx.arguments;
        transaction.contractName = rawTx.contractName;
        transaction.functionSig = rawTx.functionSig;
        transaction.hash = rawTx.hash;
        transaction.txDetail = rawToConvertedEIP1559Detail(rawTx.txDetail);
        transaction.opcode = rawTx.opcode;
        return transaction;
    }

    function rawToConvertedEIP1559Detail(RawTx1559Detail memory rawDetail)
        internal
        pure
        virtual
        returns (Tx1559Detail memory)
    {
        Tx1559Detail memory txDetail;
        txDetail.data = rawDetail.data;
        txDetail.from = rawDetail.from;
        txDetail.to = rawDetail.to;
        txDetail.nonce = _bytesToUint(rawDetail.nonce);
        txDetail.txType = _bytesToUint(rawDetail.txType);
        txDetail.value = _bytesToUint(rawDetail.value);
        txDetail.gas = _bytesToUint(rawDetail.gas);
        txDetail.accessList = rawDetail.accessList;
        return txDetail;
    }

    function readTx1559s(string memory path) internal view virtual returns (Tx1559[] memory) {
        string memory deployData = vm.readFile(path);
        bytes memory parsedDeployData = vm.parseJson(deployData, ".transactions");
        RawTx1559[] memory rawTxs = abi.decode(parsedDeployData, (RawTx1559[]));
        return rawToConvertedEIPTx1559s(rawTxs);
    }

    function readTx1559(string memory path, uint256 index) internal view virtual returns (Tx1559 memory) {
        string memory deployData = vm.readFile(path);
        string memory key = string(abi.encodePacked(".transactions[", vm.toString(index), "]"));
        bytes memory parsedDeployData = vm.parseJson(deployData, key);
        RawTx1559 memory rawTx = abi.decode(parsedDeployData, (RawTx1559));
        return rawToConvertedEIPTx1559(rawTx);
    }

    // Analogous to readTransactions, but for receipts.
    function readReceipts(string memory path) internal view virtual returns (Receipt[] memory) {
        string memory deployData = vm.readFile(path);
        bytes memory parsedDeployData = vm.parseJson(deployData, ".receipts");
        RawReceipt[] memory rawReceipts = abi.decode(parsedDeployData, (RawReceipt[]));
        return rawToConvertedReceipts(rawReceipts);
    }

    function readReceipt(string memory path, uint256 index) internal view virtual returns (Receipt memory) {
        string memory deployData = vm.readFile(path);
        string memory key = string(abi.encodePacked(".receipts[", vm.toString(index), "]"));
        bytes memory parsedDeployData = vm.parseJson(deployData, key);
        RawReceipt memory rawReceipt = abi.decode(parsedDeployData, (RawReceipt));
        return rawToConvertedReceipt(rawReceipt);
    }

    function rawToConvertedReceipts(RawReceipt[] memory rawReceipts) internal pure virtual returns (Receipt[] memory) {
        Receipt[] memory receipts = new Receipt[](rawReceipts.length);
        for (uint256 i; i < rawReceipts.length; i++) {
            receipts[i] = rawToConvertedReceipt(rawReceipts[i]);
        }
        return receipts;
    }

    function rawToConvertedReceipt(RawReceipt memory rawReceipt) internal pure virtual returns (Receipt memory) {
        Receipt memory receipt;
        receipt.blockHash = rawReceipt.blockHash;
        receipt.to = rawReceipt.to;
        receipt.from = rawReceipt.from;
        receipt.contractAddress = rawReceipt.contractAddress;
        receipt.effectiveGasPrice = _bytesToUint(rawReceipt.effectiveGasPrice);
        receipt.cumulativeGasUsed = _bytesToUint(rawReceipt.cumulativeGasUsed);
        receipt.gasUsed = _bytesToUint(rawReceipt.gasUsed);
        receipt.status = _bytesToUint(rawReceipt.status);
        receipt.transactionIndex = _bytesToUint(rawReceipt.transactionIndex);
        receipt.blockNumber = _bytesToUint(rawReceipt.blockNumber);
        receipt.logs = rawToConvertedReceiptLogs(rawReceipt.logs);
        receipt.logsBloom = rawReceipt.logsBloom;
        receipt.transactionHash = rawReceipt.transactionHash;
        return receipt;
    }

    function rawToConvertedReceiptLogs(RawReceiptLog[] memory rawLogs)
        internal
        pure
        virtual
        returns (ReceiptLog[] memory)
    {
        ReceiptLog[] memory logs = new ReceiptLog[](rawLogs.length);
        for (uint256 i; i < rawLogs.length; i++) {
            logs[i].logAddress = rawLogs[i].logAddress;
            logs[i].blockHash = rawLogs[i].blockHash;
            logs[i].blockNumber = _bytesToUint(rawLogs[i].blockNumber);
            logs[i].data = rawLogs[i].data;
            logs[i].logIndex = _bytesToUint(rawLogs[i].logIndex);
            logs[i].topics = rawLogs[i].topics;
            logs[i].transactionIndex = _bytesToUint(rawLogs[i].transactionIndex);
            logs[i].transactionLogIndex = _bytesToUint(rawLogs[i].transactionLogIndex);
            logs[i].removed = rawLogs[i].removed;
        }
        return logs;
    }

    // Deploy a contract by fetching the contract bytecode from
    // the artifacts directory
    // e.g. `deployCode(code, abi.encode(arg1,arg2,arg3))`
    function deployCode(string memory what, bytes memory args) internal virtual returns (address addr) {
        bytes memory bytecode = abi.encodePacked(vm.getCode(what), args);
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            addr := create(0, add(bytecode, 0x20), mload(bytecode))
        }

        require(addr != address(0), "StdCheats deployCode(string,bytes): Deployment failed.");
    }

    function deployCode(string memory what) internal virtual returns (address addr) {
        bytes memory bytecode = vm.getCode(what);
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            addr := create(0, add(bytecode, 0x20), mload(bytecode))
        }

        require(addr != address(0), "StdCheats deployCode(string): Deployment failed.");
    }

    /// @dev deploy contract with value on construction
    function deployCode(string memory what, bytes memory args, uint256 val) internal virtual returns (address addr) {
        bytes memory bytecode = abi.encodePacked(vm.getCode(what), args);
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            addr := create(val, add(bytecode, 0x20), mload(bytecode))
        }

        require(addr != address(0), "StdCheats deployCode(string,bytes,uint256): Deployment failed.");
    }

    function deployCode(string memory what, uint256 val) internal virtual returns (address addr) {
        bytes memory bytecode = vm.getCode(what);
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            addr := create(val, add(bytecode, 0x20), mload(bytecode))
        }

        require(addr != address(0), "StdCheats deployCode(string,uint256): Deployment failed.");
    }

    // creates a labeled address and the corresponding private key
    function makeAddrAndKey(string memory name) internal virtual returns (address addr, uint256 privateKey) {
        privateKey = uint256(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(name)));
        addr = vm.addr(privateKey);
        vm.label(addr, name);
    }

    // creates a labeled address
    function makeAddr(string memory name) internal virtual returns (address addr) {
        (addr,) = makeAddrAndKey(name);
    }

    // Destroys an account immediately, sending the balance to beneficiary.
    // Destroying means: balance will be zero, code will be empty, and nonce will be 0
    // This is similar to selfdestruct but not identical: selfdestruct destroys code and nonce
    // only after tx ends, this will run immediately.
    function destroyAccount(address who, address beneficiary) internal virtual {
        uint256 currBalance = who.balance;
        vm.etch(who, abi.encode());
        vm.deal(who, 0);
        vm.resetNonce(who);

        uint256 beneficiaryBalance = beneficiary.balance;
        vm.deal(beneficiary, currBalance + beneficiaryBalance);
    }

    // creates a struct containing both a labeled address and the corresponding private key
    function makeAccount(string memory name) internal virtual returns (Account memory account) {
        (account.addr, account.key) = makeAddrAndKey(name);
    }

    function deriveRememberKey(string memory mnemonic, uint32 index)
        internal
        virtual
        returns (address who, uint256 privateKey)
    {
        privateKey = vm.deriveKey(mnemonic, index);
        who = vm.rememberKey(privateKey);
    }

    function _bytesToUint(bytes memory b) private pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b.length <= 32, "StdCheats _bytesToUint(bytes): Bytes length exceeds 32.");
        return abi.decode(abi.encodePacked(new bytes(32 - b.length), b), (uint256));
    }

    function isFork() internal view virtual returns (bool status) {
        try vm.activeFork() {
            status = true;
        } catch (bytes memory) {}
    }

    modifier skipWhenForking() {
        if (!isFork()) {
            _;
        }
    }

    modifier skipWhenNotForking() {
        if (isFork()) {
            _;
        }
    }

    modifier noGasMetering() {
        vm.pauseGasMetering();
        // To prevent turning gas monitoring back on with nested functions that use this modifier,
        // we check if gasMetering started in the off position. If it did, we don't want to turn
        // it back on until we exit the top level function that used the modifier
        //
        // i.e. funcA() noGasMetering { funcB() }, where funcB has noGasMetering as well.
        // funcA will have `gasStartedOff` as false, funcB will have it as true,
        // so we only turn metering back on at the end of the funcA
        bool gasStartedOff = gasMeteringOff;
        gasMeteringOff = true;

        _;

        // if gas metering was on when this modifier was called, turn it back on at the end
        if (!gasStartedOff) {
            gasMeteringOff = false;
            vm.resumeGasMetering();
        }
    }

    // We use this complex approach of `_viewChainId` and `_pureChainId` to ensure there are no
    // compiler warnings when accessing chain ID in any solidity version supported by forge-std. We
    // can't simply access the chain ID in a normal view or pure function because the solc View Pure
    // Checker changed `chainid` from pure to view in 0.8.0.
    function _viewChainId() private view returns (uint256 chainId) {
        // Assembly required since `block.chainid` was introduced in 0.8.0.
        assembly {
            chainId := chainid()
        }

        address(this); // Silence warnings in older Solc versions.
    }

    function _pureChainId() private pure returns (uint256 chainId) {
        function() internal view returns (uint256) fnIn = _viewChainId;
        function() internal pure returns (uint256) pureChainId;
        assembly {
            pureChainId := fnIn
        }
        chainId = pureChainId();
    }
}

// Wrappers around cheatcodes to avoid footguns
abstract contract StdCheats is StdCheatsSafe {
    using stdStorage for StdStorage;

    StdStorage private stdstore;
    Vm private constant vm = Vm(address(uint160(uint256(keccak256("hevm cheat code")))));
    address private constant CONSOLE2_ADDRESS = 0x000000000000000000636F6e736F6c652e6c6f67;

    // Skip forward or rewind time by the specified number of seconds
    function skip(uint256 time) internal virtual {
        vm.warp(block.timestamp + time);
    }

    function rewind(uint256 time) internal virtual {
        vm.warp(block.timestamp - time);
    }

    // Setup a prank from an address that has some ether
    function hoax(address msgSender) internal virtual {
        vm.deal(msgSender, 1 << 128);
        vm.prank(msgSender);
    }

    function hoax(address msgSender, uint256 give) internal virtual {
        vm.deal(msgSender, give);
        vm.prank(msgSender);
    }

    function hoax(address msgSender, address origin) internal virtual {
        vm.deal(msgSender, 1 << 128);
        vm.prank(msgSender, origin);
    }

    function hoax(address msgSender, address origin, uint256 give) internal virtual {
        vm.deal(msgSender, give);
        vm.prank(msgSender, origin);
    }

    // Start perpetual prank from an address that has some ether
    function startHoax(address msgSender) internal virtual {
        vm.deal(msgSender, 1 << 128);
        vm.startPrank(msgSender);
    }

    function startHoax(address msgSender, uint256 give) internal virtual {
        vm.deal(msgSender, give);
        vm.startPrank(msgSender);
    }

    // Start perpetual prank from an address that has some ether
    // tx.origin is set to the origin parameter
    function startHoax(address msgSender, address origin) internal virtual {
        vm.deal(msgSender, 1 << 128);
        vm.startPrank(msgSender, origin);
    }

    function startHoax(address msgSender, address origin, uint256 give) internal virtual {
        vm.deal(msgSender, give);
        vm.startPrank(msgSender, origin);
    }

    function changePrank(address msgSender) internal virtual {
        console2_log_StdCheats("changePrank is deprecated. Please use vm.startPrank instead.");
        vm.stopPrank();
        vm.startPrank(msgSender);
    }

    function changePrank(address msgSender, address txOrigin) internal virtual {
        vm.stopPrank();
        vm.startPrank(msgSender, txOrigin);
    }

    // The same as Vm's `deal`
    // Use the alternative signature for ERC20 tokens
    function deal(address to, uint256 give) internal virtual {
        vm.deal(to, give);
    }

    // Set the balance of an account for any ERC20 token
    // Use the alternative signature to update `totalSupply`
    function deal(address token, address to, uint256 give) internal virtual {
        deal(token, to, give, false);
    }

    // Set the balance of an account for any ERC1155 token
    // Use the alternative signature to update `totalSupply`
    function dealERC1155(address token, address to, uint256 id, uint256 give) internal virtual {
        dealERC1155(token, to, id, give, false);
    }

    function deal(address token, address to, uint256 give, bool adjust) internal virtual {
        // get current balance
        (, bytes memory balData) = token.staticcall(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x70a08231, to));
        uint256 prevBal = abi.decode(balData, (uint256));

        // update balance
        stdstore.target(token).sig(0x70a08231).with_key(to).checked_write(give);

        // update total supply
        if (adjust) {
            (, bytes memory totSupData) = token.staticcall(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x18160ddd));
            uint256 totSup = abi.decode(totSupData, (uint256));
            if (give < prevBal) {
                totSup -= (prevBal - give);
            } else {
                totSup += (give - prevBal);
            }
            stdstore.target(token).sig(0x18160ddd).checked_write(totSup);
        }
    }

    function dealERC1155(address token, address to, uint256 id, uint256 give, bool adjust) internal virtual {
        // get current balance
        (, bytes memory balData) = token.staticcall(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x00fdd58e, to, id));
        uint256 prevBal = abi.decode(balData, (uint256));

        // update balance
        stdstore.target(token).sig(0x00fdd58e).with_key(to).with_key(id).checked_write(give);

        // update total supply
        if (adjust) {
            (, bytes memory totSupData) = token.staticcall(abi.encodeWithSelector(0xbd85b039, id));
            require(
                totSupData.length != 0,
                "StdCheats deal(address,address,uint,uint,bool): target contract is not ERC1155Supply."
            );
            uint256 totSup = abi.decode(totSupData, (uint256));
            if (give < prevBal) {
                totSup -= (prevBal - give);
            } else {
                totSup += (give - prevBal);
            }
            stdstore.target(token).sig(0xbd85b039).with_key(id).checked_write(totSup);
        }
    }

    function dealERC721(address token, address to, uint256 id) internal virtual {
        // check if token id is already minted and the actual owner.
        (bool successMinted, bytes memory ownerData) = token.staticcall(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x6352211e, id));
        require(successMinted, "StdCheats deal(address,address,uint,bool): id not minted.");

        // get owner current balance
        (, bytes memory fromBalData) =
            token.staticcall(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x70a08231, abi.decode(ownerData, (address))));
        uint256 fromPrevBal = abi.decode(fromBalData, (uint256));

        // get new user current balance
        (, bytes memory toBalData) = token.staticcall(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x70a08231, to));
        uint256 toPrevBal = abi.decode(toBalData, (uint256));

        // update balances
        stdstore.target(token).sig(0x70a08231).with_key(abi.decode(ownerData, (address))).checked_write(--fromPrevBal);
        stdstore.target(token).sig(0x70a08231).with_key(to).checked_write(++toPrevBal);

        // update owner
        stdstore.target(token).sig(0x6352211e).with_key(id).checked_write(to);
    }

    function deployCodeTo(string memory what, address where) internal virtual {
        deployCodeTo(what, "", 0, where);
    }

    function deployCodeTo(string memory what, bytes memory args, address where) internal virtual {
        deployCodeTo(what, args, 0, where);
    }

    function deployCodeTo(string memory what, bytes memory args, uint256 value, address where) internal virtual {
        bytes memory creationCode = vm.getCode(what);
        vm.etch(where, abi.encodePacked(creationCode, args));
        (bool success, bytes memory runtimeBytecode) = where.call{value: value}("");
        require(success, "StdCheats deployCodeTo(string,bytes,uint256,address): Failed to create runtime bytecode.");
        vm.etch(where, runtimeBytecode);
    }

    // Used to prevent the compilation of console, which shortens the compilation time when console is not used elsewhere.
    function console2_log_StdCheats(string memory p0) private view {
        (bool status,) = address(CONSOLE2_ADDRESS).staticcall(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string)", p0));
        status;
    }
}