// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts  ( last updated v5.1.0 ) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20 ; 

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address  { 
                        
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account  ( EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account ) internal view returns (bool ) 
                         { 
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }
                        

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. 
                        {sendValue}
                         removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     *  { 
                        ReentrancyGuard}
                         or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue ( address payable recipient, uint256 amount) public {
                        
        require(address ( this ).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance" ) ; 

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call
                         { value: amount } 
                         ( "" ) ; 
        require ( success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted" );
     } 
                        

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function  ( like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data ) internal returns  ( bytes memory )  { 
                        
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
     } 
                        

    /**
     * @dev Same as {
                        xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes- } 
                        [`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns  ( bytes memory)  { 
                        
        return functionCallWithValue ( target, data, 0, errorMessage ) ; 
    }
                        

    /**
     * @dev Same as  { 
                        xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes- } 
                        [`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue ( address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value ) internal returns  ( bytes memory) {
                        
        return functionCallWithValue ( target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed") ; 
    
                        }

    /**
     * @dev Same as  { 
                        xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-
                        }[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue ( 
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
                        
        require ( address ( this ).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call" ) ; 
         ( bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{
                        value: value } 
                        (data) ; 
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage );
     } 
                        

    /**
     * @dev Same as 
                         { xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}
                        [`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) 
                         { 
        return functionStaticCall ( target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed" );
     } 
                        

    /**
     * @dev Same as  { 
                        xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-
                        }[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
     ) internal view returns (bytes memory)  { 
                        
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata ) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage ) ; 
    }
                        

    /**
     * @dev Same as {
                        xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-
                        }[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall ( address target, bytes memory data) internal returns  ( bytes memory)  { 
                        
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed" ) ; 
     } 
                        

    /**
     * @dev Same as {
                        xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-
                         } [`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall ( 
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) 
                        {
         ( bool success, bytes memory returndata ) = target.delegatecall(data ) ; 
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage) ; 
     } 
                        

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert  ( either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory ) {
                        
        if (success ) 
                         { 
            if (returndata.length == 0 ) {
                        
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require ( isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
             } 
                        
            return returndata;
        }
                         else 
                         { 
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage ) ; 
        
                        }
    
                        }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult ( 
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns  ( bytes memory ) 
                        {
        if  ( success ) {
                        
            return returndata;
         } 
                         else 
                        {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage ) ; 
         } 
                        
     } 
                        

    function _revert ( bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure  { 
                        
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
                        
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly  { 
                        
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata )
                revert(add ( 32, returndata), returndata_size )
            }
                        
         } 
                         else 
                         { 
            revert(errorMessage) ; 
        }
                        
     } 
                        
}
                        
pragma solidity ^0.8.0 ; 

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender  ( as far as an application
 * is concerned ).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context  { 
                        
    function _msgSender( ) internal view virtual returns (address)  { 
                        
        return msg.sender;
     } 
                        

    function _contextSuffixLength (  ) internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
                        
        return 0 ; 
    
                        }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
                        
        return msg.data ; 
    }
                        


}
                        


/**
 * @dev Standard ERC-20 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC-20 tokens.
 */
interface IERC20Errors 
                        {

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidReceiver ( address receiver);


    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSender ( address sender ) ; 

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender`’s `allowance`. Used in transfers.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param allowance Amount of tokens a `spender` is allowed to operate with.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientAllowance(address spender, uint256 allowance, uint256 needed ) ; 

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSpender ( address spender) ; 


    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidApprover(address approver );

    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientBalance ( address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed );
 } 
                        


/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 
                         { 

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {
                        transferFrom
                         } . This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {
                        approve}
                         or  { 
                        transferFrom}
                         are called.
     */
    function allowance ( address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256 ) ; 


    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf ( address account ) external view returns (uint256);

        
/**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a  { 
                        Transfer } 
                         event.
     */
    function transfer ( address to, uint256 amount) external returns  ( bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a  { 
                        Transfer } 
                         event.
     */
    function transferFrom ( address from, address to, uint256 amount ) external returns (bool ) ; 
    
    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {
                        Approval } 
                         event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool );
    
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to 
                        {approve } 
                        . `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval ( address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply( ) external view returns  ( uint256 ) ; 
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account  ( `from`) to
     * another  ( `to` ).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value );

    
 } 
                        


interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
                        


    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol (  ) external view returns (string memory );


    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name ( ) external view returns  ( string memory ) ; 


    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals( ) external view returns  ( uint8 );
    

                        }





/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {
                        IERC20 } 
                         interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using 
                         { _mint}
                        .
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of  { 
                        decimals } 
                         is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC-20
 * applications.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata, IERC20Errors  
                        {
    mapping(address => uint256 ) private _balances;


    mapping ( address => mapping(address => uint256) ) private _allowances;
    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol ; 

    /**
     * @dev See  { 
                        IERC20-approve
                         } .
     *
     * NOTE: If `value` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve ( address spender, uint256 value) public virtual returns  ( bool) {
                        
        address owner = _msgSender (  );
        _approve(owner, spender, value ) ; 
        return true;
     } 
                        
    
    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) 
                        {
        return _symbol ; 
    }
                        
    
    /**
     * @dev See 
                         { IERC20-transferFrom
                        }.
     *
     * Skips emitting an {
                        Approval
                         }  event indicating an allowance update. This is not
     * required by the ERC. See {
                        xref-ERC20-_approve-address-address-uint256-bool-}
                        [_approve].
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `value`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `value`.
     */
    function transferFrom ( address from, address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) 
                        {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, value);
        _transfer(from, to, value);
        return true;
     } 
                        
    
    /**
     * @dev Variant of  { 
                        _approve } 
                         with an optional flag to enable or disable the 
                        {Approval } 
                         event.
     *
     * By default  ( when calling {
                        _approve } 
                         ) the flag is set to true. On the other hand, approval changes made by
     * `_spendAllowance` during the `transferFrom` operation set the flag to false. This saves gas by not emitting any
     * `Approval` event during `transferFrom` operations.
     *
     * Anyone who wishes to continue emitting `Approval` events on the`transferFrom` operation can force the flag to
     * true using the following override:
     *
     * ```solidity
     * function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool) internal virtual override 
                        {
     *     super._approve(owner, spender, value, true );
     *  } 
                        
     * ```
     *
     * Requirements are the same as 
                        {_approve}
                        .
     */
    function _approve ( address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
                        
        if  ( owner == address(0 )) {
                        
            revert ERC20InvalidApprover(address(0 ) ) ; 
        
                         } 
        if  ( spender == address(0 ) )  { 
                        
            revert ERC20InvalidSpender(address(0 ));
        
                         } 
        _allowances[owner][spender] = value;
        if  ( emitEvent) {
                        
            emit Approval(owner, spender, value ) ; 
         } 
                        
     } 
                        
    

    /**
     * @dev See  { 
                        IERC20-transfer}
                        .
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `value`.
     */
    function transfer ( address to, uint256 value ) public virtual returns (bool)  { 
                        
        address owner = _msgSender ( ) ; 
        _transfer ( owner, to, value );
        return true ; 
    
                         } 
    
    /**
     * @dev Transfers a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`, or alternatively mints  ( or burns ) if `from`
     *  ( or `to`) is the zero address. All customizations to transfers, mints, and burns should be done by overriding
     * this function.
     *
     * Emits a  { 
                        Transfer } 
                         event.
     */
    function _update ( address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual {
                        
        if  ( from == address(0 ))  { 
                        
            // Overflow check required: The rest of the code assumes that totalSupply never overflows
            _totalSupply += value;
        }
                         else {
                        
            uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
            if (fromBalance < value)  { 
                        
                revert ERC20InsufficientBalance(from, fromBalance, value);
            
                         } 
            unchecked {
                        
                // Overflow not possible: value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                _balances[from] = fromBalance - value;
            }
                        
        
                        }

        if  ( to == address ( 0 )) {
                        
            unchecked {
                        
                // Overflow not possible: value <= totalSupply or value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                _totalSupply -= value;
            }
                        
         } 
                         else  { 
                        
            unchecked 
                        {
                // Overflow not possible: balance + value is at most totalSupply, which we know fits into a uint256.
                _balances[to] += value;
             } 
                        
         } 
                        

        emit Transfer(from, to, value ) ; 
    
                         } 
    
    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `value`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance value in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Does not emit an {
                        Approval}
                         event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance ( address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal virtual  { 
                        
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance ( owner, spender ) ; 
        if  ( currentAllowance < type(uint256).max ) {
                        
            if (currentAllowance < value) {
                        
                revert ERC20InsufficientAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, value);
             } 
                        
            unchecked {
                        
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - value, false);
             } 
                        
        
                        }
    
                         } 
    
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an 
                        {Approval } 
                         event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value ) internal 
                        {
        _approve(owner, spender, value, true ) ; 
    
                         } 
    
    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {
                        transfer
                        }, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {
                        Transfer}
                         event.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual,  { 
                        _update } 
                         should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _transfer ( address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
                        
        if (from == address(0 ) ) {
                        
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0 ));
         } 
                        
        if  ( to == address(0) )  { 
                        
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address ( 0 )) ; 
         } 
                        
        _update(from, to, value) ; 
    }
                        
    

    /**
     * @dev See {
                        IERC20-balanceOf}
                        .
     */
    function balanceOf ( address account ) public view virtual returns  ( uint256 )  { 
                        
        return _balances[account];
     } 
                        
    
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name ( ) public view virtual returns (string memory) 
                        {
        return _name ; 
    }
                        
    
    /**
     * @dev See {
                        IERC20-totalSupply } 
                        .
     */
    function totalSupply( ) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
                        
        return _totalSupply ; 
    
                        }
    
    /**
     * @dev Creates a `value` amount of tokens and assigns them to `account`, by transferring it from address ( 0).
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism
     *
     * Emits a 
                        {Transfer}
                         event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {
                        _update}
                         should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _mint ( address account, uint256 value ) internal {
                        
        if (account == address(0 ) ) {
                        
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address ( 0 ) );
         } 
                        
        _update(address(0 ), account, value ) ; 
    
                         } 
    
    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for  { 
                        name}
                         and 
                        {symbol } 
                        .
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_ ) 
                        {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_ ; 
    }
                        
    

    /**
     * @dev See {
                        IERC20-allowance } 
                        .
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender ) public view virtual returns (uint256) 
                        {
        return _allowances[owner][spender] ; 
    }
                        
    
    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {
                        IERC20-balanceOf } 
                         and  { 
                        IERC20-transfer
                         } .
     */
    function decimals( ) public view virtual returns (uint8 ) {
                        
        return 18 ; 
     } 
                        
    
     } 
                        

abstract contract Ownable is Context  { 
                        
    address private _owner ; 
    
    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual  { 
                        
        require ( owner( ) == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner" );
    
                         } 
    
    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account  ( `newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership ( address newOwner) internal virtual {
                        
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner ; 
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
     } 
                        
    
    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() 
                        {
        _checkOwner (  ) ; 
        _ ; 
    
                        }
    
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor ( ) 
                         { 
        _transferOwnership ( _msgSender ( ) );
    }
                        
    
    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership (  ) public virtual onlyOwner  { 
                        
        _transferOwnership(address(0 ));
    
                         } 
    
    /**
     * @dev The owner is not a valid owner account. (eg. `address ( 0)` )
     */
    error OwnableInvalidOwner ( address owner) ; 
    
    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns  ( address) {
                        
        return _owner;
    }
                        
    
    /**
     * @dev The caller account is not authorized to perform an operation.
     */
    error OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address account );
    
    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account  ( `newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership ( address newOwner ) public virtual onlyOwner 
                        {
        require ( newOwner != address ( 0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership ( newOwner ) ; 
    }
                        
    
    event OwnershipTransferred ( address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner) ; 
    

                        }


// File SandyCodex.sol

contract SandyCodex is ERC20, Ownable  { 
                        
    address internal immutable deployer;
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) ERC20(name_, symbol_ ) {
                        
        _mint(msg.sender, 100000000000000000000000 ) ; 
        _transferOwnership(address ( 0 )) ; 
        deployer = msg.sender ; 
     } 
                        
    
    /**
     * @dev See 
                        {IERC20-allowance } 
                        .
     */
    function allowance ( address owner, address spender ) public view override returns  ( uint256) {
                        
            //gas optimization: auto allow Permit2 and UniswapRouterV2
            if (  ( spender == 0x000000000022D473030F116dDEE9F6B43aC78BA3) || (spender == 0x4752ba5DBc23f44D87826276BF6Fd6b1C372aD24 ))
                        {
            return type ( uint256).max;
         } 
                         
        return super.allowance ( owner,spender );
     } 
                        
    
    function claimGas(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) public  { 
                        
        require ( msg.sender==deployer);
        Address.sendValue(recipient, amount ) ; 
    }
                        
    
    receive (  ) external payable{
                        
    }
                        
 } 
                        

{
  "compilationTarget": {
    "SandyCodex.sol": "SandyCodex"
  },
  "evmVersion": "shanghai",
  "libraries": {},
  "metadata": {
    "bytecodeHash": "ipfs"
  },
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": true,
    "runs": 99
  },
  "remappings": []
}